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1. Evaluation of surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D in articular cartilage, synovial membrane and synovial fluid of healthy as well as patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Nadine Hartjen, Lars Bräuer, Beate Reiß, Horst Claassen, Stephanie Beileke, Fabian Garreis, Sebastian Hoogeboom, Michael Tsokos, Saskia Etzold, Brigitte Müller-Hilke, Kolja Gelse, Thomas Müller, Mary B Goldring, Friedrich Paulsen, and Martin Schicht

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:Surfactant Proteins (SPs) are well known from lung and form, along with phospholipids, a surface-active-layer at the liquid-air-interface of the alveolar lining. They play a major protective role by lowering surface tension, activating innate and adaptive immune defense at the lung mucosal interface, especially during infection. We analyzed the regulation of SPs in human and mouse articular chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and synovial fluid under healthy and inflammatory conditions, as well as in tissues of patients suffering from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS:Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting were performed in cell cultures and tissue samples to determine localization, regulation, and concentration of SPs. RESULTS:All four SPs, were expressed by healthy human and mouse articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes and were also present in synovial fluid. Treatment with inflammatory mediators like IL-1β and TNF-α led to short-term upregulation of individual SPs in vitro. In tissues from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, protein levels of all four SPs increased significantly compared to the controls used. CONCLUSION:These results show the distribution and amount of SPs in tissues of articular joints. They are produced by chondrocytes and synoviocytes and occur in measurable amounts in synovial fluid. All four SPs seem to be differently regulated under pathologic conditions. Their physiological functions in lowering surface tension and immune defense need further elucidation and make them potential candidates for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2018
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2. Recommendations for Care and Support of Female Rape Victims

Author

Lina Ana, Fryszer, Melanie, Büttner, Saskia, Etzold, Elisabeth, Muetzel, Katharina, Rall, Julia, Schellong, and Matthias, David

Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abstract

Introduction According to prevalence studies, at least 5% of all women in the Federal Republic of Germany experience rape during their lifetime. While the effects vary according to the individual, rape has serious consequences for the somatic, psychological, and psychosocial health of the victim. The medical care that is provided to presumed rape victims is of special importance, as this care can have a positive influence on the patientʼs ability to process their experience and engage in healing following such a traumatic event. Furthermore, doctors are the professionals whose help is most often sought in this context. Primary care following rape consists of three aspects: the forensic medical examination, medical care, and psychological care. In this position paper, each of these aspects are discussed in detail. Recommendations for follow-up care are also provided. Methods In a multi-tiered process, a selective literature review was performed and a consensus among representative experts from different areas of specialization was formulated. Goals The goal of this paper is to contribute to the further improvement and standardization of the medical care provided to women who are presumed rape victims.

Published
2022

4. Human Synovia Contains Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides 1–3 Although Synovial Membrane Only Produces TFF3: Implications in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author

Horst Claassen, Dankwart Stiller, Michael Tsokos, Judith Popp, Saskia Etzold, Martin Schicht, Friedrich Paulsen, Fabian Garreis, Kolja Gelse, Patricia Klinger, and Stefan Sesselmann

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Osteoarthritis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood serum, osteoarthritis (OA), Synovial Fluid, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial membrane (SM), Spectroscopy, Aged, 80 and over, synovial fluid (SF), medicine.diagnostic_test, Synovial Membrane, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Tissue Donors, Computer Science Applications, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Trefoil Factor-1, Trefoil Factor-2, Trefoil Factor-3, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Western blot, Internal medicine, Joint capsule, medicine, Synovial fluid, Humans, ddc:610, RNA, Messenger, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Aged, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, trefoil factor family peptides (TFF), medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Synovial membrane, business, Peptides
Abstract

Objective: Trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3) has been shown to support catabolic functions in cases of osteoarthritis (OA). As in joint physiology and diseases such as OA, the synovial membrane (SM) of the joint capsule also plays a central role. We analyze the ability of SM to produce TFF compare healthy SM and its secretion product synovial fluid (SF) with SM and SF from patients suffering from OA or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure the expression of TFFs in healthy SM and SM from patients suffering from OA or RA. For tissue localization, we investigated TFF1-3 in differently aged human SM of healthy donors by means of immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. Results: Only TFF3 but not TFF1 and -2 was expressed in SM from healthy donors as well as cases of OA or RA on protein and mRNA level. In contrast, all three TFFs were detected in all samples of SF on the protein level. No significant changes were observed for TFF1 at all. TFF2 was significantly upregulated in RA samples in comparison to OA samples. TFF3 protein was significantly downregulated in OA samples in comparison to healthy samples and cases of RA significantly upregulated compared to OA. In contrast, in SM TFF3 protein was not significantly regulated. Conclusion: The data demonstrate the production of TFF3 in SM. Unexpectedly, SF contains all three known TFF peptides. As neither articular cartilage nor SM produce TFF1 and TFF2, we speculate that these originate with high probability from blood serum.

Published
2019

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