19 results on '"Saurral, Ramiro I."'
Search Results
2. Changes in mean and extreme climate in southern South America under global warming of 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C
- Author
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Gulizia, Carla N., Raggio, Gabriela A., Camilloni, Inés A., and Saurral, Ramiro I.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. High PM10 concentrations in the city of Buenos Aires and their relationship with meteorological conditions
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Pineda Rojas, Andrea L., Borge, Rafael, Mazzeo, Nicolás A., Saurral, Ramiro I., Matarazzo, Bruno N., Cordero, Jose M., and Kropff, Emilio
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Climate-System Historical Forecast Project : Providing Open Access to Seasonal Forecast Ensembles from Centers around the Globe
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Tompkins, Adrian M., De Zárate, María Inés Ortiz, Saurral, Ramiro I., Vera, Carolina, Saulo, Celeste, Merryfield, William J., Sigmond, Michael, Lee, Woo-Sung, Baehr, Johanna, Braun, Alain, Butler, Amy, Déqué, Michel, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J., Gordon, Margaret, Scaife, Adam A., Imada, Yukiko, Ishii, Masayoshi, Ose, Tomoaki, Kirtman, Ben, Kumar, Arun, Müller, Wolfgang A., Pirani, Anna, Stockdale, Tim, Rixen, Michel, and Yasuda, Tamaki
- Published
- 2017
5. Changes in stratospheric ozone concentrations shape air temperature distributions on the Antarctic Peninsula
- Author
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Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Raggio, Gabriela A., Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., and Raggio, Gabriela A.
- Abstract
The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is a climate change hotspot, in which any alterations to the atmospheric circulation can lead to significant impacts on the cryosphere. Even though substantial evidence has been found on the effects of human-related greenhouse gas emissions on the climate of the AP, less studies have analyzed the effect of variations in stratospheric ozone concentrations on the regional climate, and that is the focus of this paper. Results show significant links between the concentration of stratospheric ozone and the regional circulation, as well as with variations on the frequency and intensity of cold air snaps east of the AP. Significant relationships are found between changes in ozone concentrations and minimum/maximum temperature distributions over AP weather stations over most of the seasons. A strong link is also found with the location, depth and intensity of the Amundsen Sea Low west of the AP, which is in most cases responsible for the temperature anomalies identified in this study., The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer and the Editor whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the paper. The research leading to this article was partly funded by Grant PICT2020-SerieA-03172 from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (Ministry of Science and Technology of Argentina) to the University of Buenos Aires. The authors would like to acknowledge François Massonnet and Kyle Clem for fruitful discussions on an earlier version of this manuscript, as well as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for constructing and making available the ERA-5489 reanalysis dataset., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
- Published
- 2023
6. La Plata Basin Hydroclimate Response to Solar Radiation Modification With Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
- Author
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Camilloni, Inés, primary, Montroull, Natalia, additional, Gulizia, Carla, additional, and Saurral, Ramiro I., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Hydrologic Cycle of the La Plata Basin in the WCRP-CMIP3 Multimodel Dataset
- Author
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Saurral, Ramiro I.
- Published
- 2010
8. A Data Set for Intercomparing the Transient Behavior of Dynamical Model‐Based Subseasonal to Decadal Climate Predictions
- Author
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Saurral, Ramiro I., primary, Merryfield, William J., additional, Tolstykh, Mikhail A., additional, Lee, Woo‐Sung, additional, Doblas‐Reyes, Francisco J., additional, García‐Serrano, Javier, additional, Massonnet, François, additional, Meehl, Gerald A., additional, and Teng, Haiyan, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A dataset for intercomparing the transient behavior of dynamical model-based subseasonal to decadal climate predictions
- Author
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Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo-Sung, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, García Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., Teng, Haiyan, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo-Sung, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, García Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., and Teng, Haiyan
- Abstract
Climate predictions using coupled models in different time scales, from intraseasonal to decadal, are usually affected by initial shocks, drifts and biases which reduce the prediction skill. These arise from inconsistencies between different components of the coupled models and from the tendency of the model state to evolve from the prescribed initial conditions toward its own climatology over the course of the prediction. Aiming to provide tools and further insight into the mechanisms responsible for initial shocks, drifts and biases, this paper presents a novel dataset developed within the Long Range Forecast Transient Intercomparison Project, LRFTIP. This dataset has been constructed by averaging hindcasts over available prediction years and ensemble members to form a hindcast climatology that is a function of spatial variables and lead time, and thus results in a useful tool for characterizing and assessing the evolution of errors as well as the physical mechanisms responsible for them. A discussion on such errors at the different time scales is provided along with plausible ways forward in the field of climate predictions., The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped improve and clarify several aspects of the manuscript, as well as Editor Dr. Stephen Griffies. In addition, Hai Lin and Yuhei Takaya provided helpful comments about the behavior of the ECCC-S2S and JMA-S2S models, respectively. The assistance of Marina Trubina in constructing S2S hindcast climatologies for the LRFTIP dataset is also kindly acknowledged., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
- Published
- 2021
10. A Data Set for Intercomparing the Transient Behavior of Dynamical Model‐Based Subseasonal to Decadal Climate Predictions
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo‐Sung, Doblas‐Reyes, Francisco J., García‐Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., Teng, Haiyan, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo‐Sung, Doblas‐Reyes, Francisco J., García‐Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., and Teng, Haiyan
- Published
- 2021
11. A Data Set for intercomparing the transient behavior of dynamical model-based subseasonal to decadal climate predictions
- Author
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Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo-Sung, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, García Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., Teng, Haiyan, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Merryfield, William J., Tolstykh, Mikhail A., Lee, Woo-Sung, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, García Serrano, Javier, Massonnet, François, Meehl, Gerald A., and Teng, Haiyan
- Abstract
Climate predictions using coupled models in different time scales, from intraseasonal to decadal, are usually affected by initial shocks, drifts, and biases, which reduce the prediction skill. These arise from inconsistencies between different components of the coupled models and from the tendency of the model state to evolve from the prescribed initial conditions toward its own climatology over the course of the prediction. Aiming to provide tools and further insight into the mechanisms responsible for initial shocks, drifts, and biases, this paper presents a novel data set developed within the Long Range Forecast Transient Intercomparison Project, LRFTIP. This data set has been constructed by averaging hindcasts over available prediction years and ensemble members to form a hindcast climatology, that is a function of spatial variables and lead time, and thus results in a useful tool for characterizing and assessing the evolution of errors as well as the physical mechanisms responsible for them. A discussion on such errors at the different time scales is provided along with plausible ways forward in the field of climate predictions., The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped improve and clarify several aspects of the manuscript, as well as Editor Dr. Stephen Griffies. In addition, Hai Lin and Yuhei Takaya provided helpful comments about the behavior of the ECCC-S2S and JMA-S2S models, respectively. The assistance of Marina Trubina in constructing S2S hindcast climatologies for the LRFTIP data set is also kindly acknowledged., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2021
12. Revisitando la irrupción de aire frío extrema de junio de 1967 en el centro de Argentina, cincuenta años después
- Author
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Saurral, Ramiro I and Ruiz, Juan J
- Subjects
Cold air outbreaks ,Synoptic meteorology ,Extreme temperatures ,Temperaturas extremas ,Irrupciones de aire frío ,Meteorología sinóptica - Abstract
Durante el mes de junio de 1967 aire frío de origen polar avanzó desde el continente antártico hacia el centro de Argentina, donde dejó temperaturas mínimas extremas, nevadas y cuantiosos daños a los cultivos. Cincuenta años después, este trabajo revisita dicha situación sinóptica haciendo uso de datos de reanálisis y modelado numérico con el fin de caracterizar los procesos físicos involucrados. En términos estadísticos, esta irrupción fría fue la más intensa de los últimos 50 años en una amplia región del centro argentino no solamente en superficie sino también en niveles bajos y medios de la troposfera. El ingreso del aire frío se asoció al avance de un intenso frente frío detrás del cual una masa de aire de origen polar se trasladó desde latitudes subpolares hacia el centro y norte de la Argentina. Si bien dicha masa de aire sufrió una profunda transformación durante su desplazamiento por zonas oceánicas, tal como se muestra mediante las simulaciones numéricas, la advección térmica en primer término y el enfriamiento radiativo más tarde actuaron de modo de contribuir a las temperaturas mínimas extremas. During the month of June 1967 cold polar air moved from the Antarctic continent into central Argentina, where it brought extremely low minimum temperatures, snow and extensive damage to crops. Fifty years later, this paper revisits such synoptic situation making use of reanalysis data as well as numerical modelling in order to characterize the physical mechanisms at play. In a statistical context, this cold air outbreak was the most intense in the last 50 years in an extensive area covering central Argentina, not only at the surface but also at low and middle levels of the troposphere. The cold air outbreak was associated with the displacement of a cold front, behind which a polar air mass moved from subpolar latitudes onto central and northern Argentina. Although the air mass suffered a noticeable modification while traversing oceanic areas, as seen by the numerical simulations, temperature advection first and radiative cooling afterwards contributed to the extreme minimum temperatures.
- Published
- 2019
13. Influence of Anthropogenically-Forced Global Warming and Natural Climate Variability in the Rainfall Changes Observed Over the South American Altiplano
- Author
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Vera, Carolina S., primary, Díaz, Leandro B., additional, and Saurral, Ramiro I., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Observed modes of sea surface temperature variability in the South Pacific region
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Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, García-Serrano, Javier, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Saurral, Ramiro I., Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, and García-Serrano, Javier
- Abstract
The South Pacific (SP) region exerts large control on the climate of the Southern Hemisphere at many times scales. This paper identifies the main modes of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the SP which consist of a tropical-driven mode related to a horseshoe structure of positive/negative SST anomalies within midlatitudes and highly correlated to ENSO and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) variability, and another mode mostly confined to extratropical latitudes which is characterized by zonal propagation of SST anomalies within the South Pacific Gyre. Both modes are associated with temperature and rainfall anomalies over the continental regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Besides the leading mode which is related to well known warmer/cooler and drier/moister conditions due to its relationship with ENSO and the IPO, an inspection of the extratropical mode indicates that it is associated with distinct patterns of sea level pressure and surface temperature advection. These relationships are used here as plausible and partial explanations to the observed warming trend observed within the Southern Hemisphere during the last decades., The authors would like to thank Scott Power for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and the two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions led to a substantial improvement of the paper. This study was supported by Grants UBACyT-20020100100803, UBACyT-20020120300051, PIP-11220120100586 and the SPECS (GA 308378) EU-funded Project. JG-S was partially supported by the H2020-funded MSCA-IF-EF DPETNA project (GA No. 655339). The authors acknowledge the Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and PRACE for awarding access to MareNostrum 3 at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center through the HiResClim project. The support of Virginie Guémas and Oriol Mula-Valls at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center is warmly appreciated., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
- Published
- 2018
15. PROBABLE INTENSIFICACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO SOBRE LA REGIÓN DEL COMAHUE ANTE DIVERSOS ESCENARIOS DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO.
- Author
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Raggio, Gabriela A. and Saurral, Ramiro I.
- Subjects
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RADIATIVE forcing , *WATER supply , *STREAMFLOW , *GREENHOUSE gases , *MAXIMA & minima - Abstract
The main socio-economic activities of the Comahue region in the northern Patagonia in Argentina depend directly on the water availability of the Limay, Neuquén and Negro rivers. In this work, the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) hydrological model was applied to the basins of these rivers in order to study the possible impact climate change will have on the hydrology of the region over the next few decades. It was found that the available observational database is insufficient to carry out an adequate calibration of the model on a daily basis: various corrections to the maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were applied separately at a monthly level, obtaining a satisfactory calibration (1999-2009) and validation (2011-2016) at an annual level when reducing the temperatures in the Andes. The projected changes in precipitation and in maximum and minimum temperatures for the remainder of the 21st century under the scenarios with moderate and high radiative forcing suggest a decrease in precipitation in the Andes of the Neuquén province and an increase in temperatures. These conditions would result in a reduction in the mean annual flow for the rivers of the region that would be enhanced by an increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. REVISITANDO LA IRRUPCIÓN DE AIRE FRÍO EXTREMA DE JUNIO DE 1967 EN EL CENTRO DE ARGENTINA, CINCUENTA AÑOS DESPUÉS.
- Author
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Saurral, Ramiro I. and Ruiz, Juan J.
- Subjects
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FRONTS (Meteorology) , *SYNOPTIC meteorology , *LOW temperatures , *ADVECTION , *COMPUTER simulation , *AIR masses - Abstract
During the month of June 1967 cold polar air moved from the Antarctic continent into central Argentina, where it brought extremely low minimum temperatures, snow and extensive damage to crops. Fifty years later, this paper revisits such synoptic situation making use of reanalysis data as well as numerical modelling in order to characterize the physical mechanisms at play. In a statistical context, this cold air outbreak was the most intense in the last 50 years in an extensive area covering central Argentina, not only at the surface but also at low and middle levels of the troposphere. The cold air outbreak was associated with the displacement of a cold front, behind which a polar air mass moved from subpolar latitudes onto central and northern Argentina. Although the air mass suffered a noticeable modification while traversing oceanic areas, as seen by the numerical simulations, temperature advection first and radiative cooling afterwards contributed to the extreme minimum temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
17. Land use impact on the Uruguay River discharge
- Author
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Saurral, Ramiro I., primary, Barros, Vicente R., additional, and Lettenmaier, Dennis P., additional
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ESCENARIOS HIDROLÓGICOS FUTUROS EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS ESTEROS DEL IBERÁ EN EL CONTEXTO DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO.
- Author
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Montroull, Natalia B., Saurral, Ramiro I., Camilloni, Inés A., Sörensson, Anna, Menendez, Claudio, and Ruscica, Romina
- Subjects
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HYDROLOGICAL research , *CLIMATE change research , *WETLANDS , *AQUATIC resources , *WATER supply - Abstract
The Iberó region is the second largest wetland in the world and hosts hundreds of plants and animal species. Water availability in the region is the result of the balance between precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff, and the region is highly sensitive to changes in this balance. In this paper the VIC hydrologic distributed model is calibrated over the Iberá region using observed temperature, precipitation and surface wind data. This study also examines the ability of the RCA3-E regional climate model to simulate the present climate and the skill of VIC to represent the hydrologic cycle of the wetland when forced by RCA3-E output data. It was found that errors in the climate model significantly affect hydrological simulations and this can be improve if a correction scheme for systematic errors is applied. Finally, in order to determine a potential future scenario of water availability in the Iberáa region, the hydrologic model is forced with simulations provided by the RCA3- E by the end of the present century for an intermediate greenhouse gases emissions scenario after correcting the identified systematic errors. The results show that, although the regional climate model projects an increase in both precipitation and mean temperature, rainfall changes could compensate the rise in evapotranspiration given the increase in temperatures and this would lead to larger streamflows of the Ibera region's main river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
19. Forzantes antropogénicos y naturales de la variabilidad climática en el sudeste de Sudamérica
- Author
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Díaz, Leandro Baltasar, Vera, Carolina Susana, Saurral, Ramiro Ignacio, Vera, Carolina S., and Saurral, Ramiro I.
- Subjects
INTERANNUAL AND DECADAL VARIABILITY ,Forzante Antropogénico ,COVARIABILITY PATTERN ,DECADAL PREDICTIONS ,Sudeste de Sudamérica ,Tendencias ,TRENDS ,Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente ,Investigación Climatológica ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https] ,FORZANTE ANTROPOGENICO ,Patrón de Covariabilidad ,Predicciones Decadales ,ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING ,Variabilidad Interanual y Decadal ,PATRON DE COVARIABILIDAD ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Este trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo avanzar en la descripción y entendimiento de los procesos asociados con la variabilidad climática de baja frecuencia (escalas interanuales a más largas) en la precipitación de verano del sudeste de Sudamérica (SESA) bajo la influencia de los forzantes antropogénicos y naturales del clima. Para alcanzar este objetivo se utilizaron diversos conjuntos desimulaciones climáticas que se realizaron con modelos de circulación general en la quinta Fase del Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP5) del Programa Mundial de Investigaciones Climáticas.Se estudiaron las tendencias lineales de la precipitación de verano en Sudamérica para el período 1902-2005. Tanto las observaciones como los modelos muestran tendencias positivas en SESA, que se asocian, al menos en parte, al forzante antropogénico. Se encontró que los cambios en la actividad del principal modo de variabilidad interanual juegan un rol en explicar las tendencias positivas de laregión.Teniendo en cuenta estudios anteriores que muestran la influencia de la variabilidad oceánica sobre la precipitación de SESA, se estudió, a través del método de descomposición en valores singulares (SVD), el patrón principal de covariabilidad entre las anomalías de la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) y la precipitación de verano en el sur de Sudamérica. Se puso especial énfasis en estudiar el efecto de la tendencia asociada al calentamiento global. El patrón dominante de covariabilidad reflejala influencia mayormente de los Oc ́eanos Pacífico e ́Indico sobre la precipitación en SESA, explicando el 71 % (47 %) de la covariabilidad cuando se mantiene (cuando se remueve) la tendencia. En ambos casos, las series temporales asociadas a este patrón muestran variabilidad en distintas escalas desde interanuales a multi-decadales. Se encontró que esta covariabilidad logra ser representada de manera razonable por los modelos.Se evaluó también el desempeño de un conjunto de predicciones decadales de modelos del CMIP5 en escalas multi-anuales, con el fin de evaluar si las condiciones iniciales del océano junto con la tendencia del calentamiento global permiten ciertos niveles de predictibilidad en escalas de años, tanto en la circulación del Hemisferio Sur como en el clima del sur de Sudamérica. La calidad de las predicciones de TSM es alta, y se debe mayormente a las tendencias. En cambio, las predicciones de la precipitación en Sudamérica muestran un desempeño bajo. Sin embargo, las predicciones decadales son capaces de representar las estructuras espaciales asociadas al patrón de covariabilidad sin tendencia en escalas interanuales, mostrando un desempeño significativo para los primeros dos años de predicción. Al repetir el análisis con las tendencias, se observa que aumenta el desempeño para los sucesivos añosde predicción, lo que indica un valor agregado de considerar el efecto del calentamiento global sobre la variabilidad climática. This thesis aims to advance the description and understanding of processes related with low frequency variability (interannual and longer scales) in Southeastern South America (SESA) summer rainfall under anthropogenic and natural climate forcings. To achieve this goal, sets of coordinated climate model experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) of the World Climate Research Programme were used. Austral summer rainfall trends were analysed over South America between 1902 and 2005. Positive trends in SESA were found in both observations and simulations. The anthropogenic forcing has at least a partial contribution in explaining these changes. Changes of the leading pattern of precipitation interannual variability activity play a role in explaining regional positive trends. As previous studies show how ocean variability influences SESA rainfall, the leading observed covariability pattern of sea surface temperatures (SST) and austral summer SESA rainfall was assessed using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) Methodology, with special emphasis on trends associated with global warming. The leading observed co-variability pattern evidences Pacific and Indian Ocean influence on SESA rainfall, explaining 71 % (47 %) of covariability with (without) trends. In both cases, temporal series related with these pattern show variability ranging from interannual to multidecadal scales. Models are able to reproduce reasonably well the leading pattern of covariability. Also, the skill of a set of CMIP5 models decadal predictions was assessed in multiannual scales, with the aim of evaluate if initializing ocean conditions along with global warming trends give any predictability level in annual scales for Southern Hemisphere circulation and Southern South America climate. SST prediction skill is high, mostly due to trends. However, rainfall prediction skill is low in South America. On the other hand, decadal prediction are able to represent spatial structures related with the leading covariability pattern without trends in interannual scales, showing skill in the first two prediction years. When trends are also considered, skill increase for successive prediction years, indicating additional value from global warming effect over climate variability. Fil: Díaz, Leandro Baltasar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
- Published
- 2018
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