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Orientadores: Raquel Gonçalves, Domingos Guilherme Pellegino Cerri Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola Resumo: Um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelos empresários na exploração legal da floresta são as perdas decorrentes da escolha de árvores, quer seja pela baixa qualidade da madeira ou pelo baixo rendimento. As árvores com troncos classificados como sendo de baixo valor comercial, por uma das duas razões acima indicadas, deveriam ser preservadas, pois são importantes como produtoras de sementes, fonte de alimentos, abrigo para animais e preservação da floresta, podendo fazer parte, portanto, da reserva legal ou do montante que não deve ser explorado. Por outro lado, alguns empresários do ramo de móveis designs se interessam pela utilização de partes do tronco que tenham os ocos. No entanto, para que essa utilização seja realizada é importante que se conheça a extensão do oco em relação ao diâmetro e ao comprimento da tora. Dessa forma, para ambas aplicações há a importância de se detectar a existência e se conhecer a extensão do oco na peça. No caso do ultrassom a propagação de ondas é afetada pela presença de um vazio no interior do tronco, provocando variação na velocidade de propagação da onda e na amplitude do sinal emitido. Estas variações poderão ser detectadas pelo equipamento e estudadas para a elaboração de uma imagem que represente a situação interna da tora. Levando em conta os aspectos apresentados, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o uso de equipamento de ultrassom, desenvolvido no país, como ferramenta para a detecção de ocos em secções de toras de árvores de espécie nativa e avaliar metodologia de elaboração de imagem (pós-processada) utilizando essa tecnologia (tomografia ultrassônica). Os resultados mostraram que a técnica (ultrassom) e o equipamento utilizado têm sensibilidade para serem utilizados em inspeções de árvores e que, por meio da variação da velocidade foi possível elaborar imagens que reproduziram, de forma aproximada, a presença do oco e de sua extensão. As conclusões da pesquisa indicam a importância de continuidade do estudo, principalmente com foco no desenvolvimento de algoritmos e software dedicados à aplicação da metodologia Abstract: One of the great problems faced for the entrepreneurs in the legal exploration of the forest is the decurrent losses of the choice of trees, wants either for low the quality of the wood or for the low income. The trees with classified trunks as being of low commercial value, by one of the two reasons above indicated, would have to be preserved, therefore they are important as producing of seeds, source of foods, shelter for animals and preservation of the forest, being able to be part, therefore, of the legal reserve or the sum that does not have to be explored. On the other hand, some entrepreneurs of the branch of furniture designs if interest for the use of parts of the trunk that have the hollow ones. However, so that this use is carried through is important that if it knows the extension of the hollow one in relation to the diameter and the length of the log. Of this form, for both applications it has the importance of if detecting the existence and if knowing the extension of the hollow one in the part. In the case of ultrassom the propagation of waves is affected by the presence of an emptiness in the interior of the trunk, having provoked variation in the speed of propagation of the wave and in the amplitude of the emitted signal. These variations could be detected by the equipment and be studied for the elaboration of an image that represents the internal situation of the log. Taking in account the presented aspects, the general objective of this research was to evaluate the equipment use of ultrasound, developed in the country, as tool for the detention of hollow in log sections of trees of native species and evaluating methodology of image elaboration (after-processed) using this technology (ultrasonic tomography). The results had shown that the technique (ultrasound) and the used equipment has sensitivity to be used in inspections of trees and that, by means of the variation of the speed were possible to elaborate images that had reproduced, of approached form, the presence of the hollow one and its extension. The conclusions of the research indicate the importance of continuity of the study, mainly with focus in the development of dedicated algorithms and software to the application of the methodology Mestrado Construções Rurais e Ambiencia Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

The receptor tyrosine kinase cKit and its ligand stem cell factor are essential for mast cells (MC) development and survival. Strains with mutations affecting the Kit gene display a profound MC deficiency in all tissues and have been extensively used to investigate the role of MC in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, these mice present a variety of abnormalities in other immune cell populations that can affect the interpretation of MC-related responses. C57BL/6 KitW-sh are characterized by an aberrant extramedullary myelopoiesis and systemic neutrophilia. MC deficiency in KitW-sh mice can be selectively repaired by engraftment with in vitro-differentiated MC to validate MC-specific functions. Nevertheless, the impact of MC reconstitution on other immune populations has never been evaluated in detail. Here, we specifically investigated the neutrophil compartment in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of C57BL/6 KitW-sh mice before and after MC reconstitution. We found that, albeit not apparently affecting neutrophils phenotype or maturation, MC reconstitution of KitW-sh mice restored the number of neutrophils at a level similar to that of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and ex vivo experiments indicated that MC can influence neutrophil clearance by increasing macrophages’ phagocytic activity. Furthermore, the G-CSF/IL-17 axis was also influenced by the presence or absence of MC in KitW-sh mice. These data suggest that MC play a role in the control of neutrophil homeostasis and that this aspect should be taken into account in the interpretation of results obtained using KitW-sh mice.