Search

Spatial misallocation is an essential reason for the low utilization efficiency of construction land. Optimizing the spatial pattern of construction land allocation can improve the efficiency of economic operations and resilience to food crisis and climate change challenges. This study constructs a quantitative measurement method for the spatial misallocation of construction land (SMCL), proposes a new government market society support (GMSS) analytical framework for the contributing factors with interlocked relationships, and conducts empirical research in Shandong, China, which is a typical area with a rapid development of construction land and significant regional disparity. It is concluded that the SMCL ensues through the interaction and coevolution of the GMSS system, which plays a key role in adjusting the construction land use sequence, structure, and efficiency under the regulation of the upper government. Effectively using the estimation method based on the equal marginal output principle, the SMCL in Shandong is established as a downward trend, with evident temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and spatial morphological mode changes, although most sub-regions are significantly approaching the adaptation interval with fluctuation. Furthermore, the empirical results of the regression model indicate that there are different effects and intensities on the SMCL among the contributing factors under the GMSS framework, wherein the local government force has an aggravating and the greatest effect, the market forces have a dual and second-ranking effect, the social forces play a positive but still weak role, and the support system has a differentiated improvement effect. However, the impacts of various dimensional factors on the SMCL also have heterogeneity in the development stages and different regions. Generally, in the low-level development stage and underdeveloped areas, the effect of local government intervention is stronger, the market forces’ importance is lower, and the social forces and support systems remain insufficiently robust.

Whether the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) can achieve the goal of environmental protection at the same time as its rapid economic development is an important issue that deserves attention. In this paper, we obtained remote sensing data on air pollution including CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and nighttime light data. We combined the remote sensing data with county-level economic statistics to study economic development and air pollution in the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao GBA. Our research showed that the economic development in the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao GBA significantly increased the emissions of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 and did not have significant effects on CO and SO2. We constructed an emission intensity indicator of pollutants per unit of luminance. We found that the unit emission intensity of four categories of pollutants, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and CO, showed a significant decreasing trend in line with economic development. The emission intensity of NO2 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The conclusion of this research illustrates that the emission intensity of pollutants per unit of luminosity in the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao GBA is continuously reducing. The emission of pollutants will gradually change from slow growth to zero growth. However, the emission of NO2 pollution should be an area of focus in achieving the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection.

The reuse of existing industrial spatial resources in China’s major urban agglomerations is still very unbalanced and needs more in-depth research. This study used intensive evaluation technology for industrial land in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei to evaluate Tianjin and Hebei development zones, and took the Dingzhou Economic Development Zone as an example to evaluate and analyze the intensive use of enterprise land; it suggests the influencing factors for the intensive use of development zones and the measures that can take advantage of the potential of enterprise stock land so as to provide a basis for the rationale behind upgrading industrial land structures and the efficient use of industrial land in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. The results show that the typical enterprise land use in the typical economic development zone is extensive, which suggests that the intensive use of land in the Dingzhou economic development zone is low and that there is still potential for land redevelopment. According to the classification system developed for available land, there is ample opportunity for land-use redevelopment in the development zone, especially in the area of approved but not supplied land and extended enterprise land. Therefore, the redevelopment of enterprise land could also provide a better land guarantee for industrial transfer projects in the equipment manufacturing industry. This study also offers strategies to redevelop available industrial land.

BackgroundPeribronchiolar fibrosis is an important feature of small airway remodeling (SAR) in cigarette smoke-induced COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gelatinases (MMP9, MMP2) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SAR related to wood smoke (WS) exposure in a rat model.MethodsForty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the WS group, the cigarette smoke (CS) group and the clean air control group. After 4 to 7 months of smoke exposure, lung tissues were examined with morphometric measurements, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Serum MMP9 and TIMP1 concentrations were detected by ELISA. In vitro, primary rat tracheal epithelial cells were stimulated with wood smoke condensate for 7 days.ResultsThe COPD-like pathological alterations in rats exposed chronically to WS were similar to those exposed to CS; the area of collagen deposition was significantly increased in the small airway walls of those exposed to WS or CS for 7 months. The expression of gelatinases in rats induced by WS or CS exposure was markedly increased in whole lung tissue, and immunohistochemistry showed that MMP9, MMP2 and TIMP1 were primarily expressed in the airway epithelium. The serum levels of MMP9 and TIMP1 were significantly higher in rats secondary to WS or CS exposure. Few cells that double immunostained for E-cadherin and vimentin were observed in the airway subepithelium of rats exposed to WS for 7 months (only 3 of these 8 rats). In vitro, the expression of MMP9 and MMP2 proteins was upregulated in primary rat tracheal epithelial cells following exposure to wood smoke condensate for 7 days by Western blotting; positive immunofluorescent staining for vimentin and type I collagen was also observed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the upregulation of gelatinases and EMT might play a role in SAR in COPD associated with chronic exposure to wood smoke.

Pharmacotherapy is crucial for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The multi-kinase inhibitor donafenib offers superior survival benefits over sorafenib. Donafenib has first-line status, but there is limited research for combination therapies with this anticancer agent. This study aimed to delineate donafenib's antitumor effects, including transcriptomics and proteomics to characterize gene expression changes in donafenib-treated HCC cell lines. In vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity studies were conducted to evaluate the combined antitumor effects of donafenib. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses identified that donafenib downregulated fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) at the protein and mRNA levels. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed an inhibitory effect of FADS2 blockade on HCC cell malignancy. The combination of donafenib and the FADS2 inhibitor sc-26,196 produced synergistic antitumor action, enhancing therapeutic efficacy in HCC cell lines and xenografted tumors in nude mice. These findings highlight the potential of FADS2 as a biomarker for HCC and show a promising combinatorial therapy for its treatment. Thus, we provide a theoretical basis for translating laboratory research into clinical applications.

Background and aim: Transarterial chemoembolization combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (TACE-HAIC) has shown encouraging efficacy in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop a novel nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) of patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE-HAIC. Methods: A total of 591 patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE-HAIC between May 2009 and September 2020 were enrolled. These patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The independent prognostic factors were identified with Cox proportional hazards model. The model's discriminative ability and accuracy were validated using concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Results: The median OS was 15.6 months. A nomogram was established based on these factors, including tumor size, vein invasion, extrahepatic metastasis, tumor number, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), to predict OS for patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE-HAIC. The C-index of the nomogram were 0.717 in the training cohort and 0.724 in validation cohort. The calibration plots demonstrated good agreement between the predicted outcomes and the actual observations. The AUC values were better than those of three conventional staging systems. The results of DCA indicated that the nomogram may have clinical usefulness. The patients in the low-risk group had a longer OS than those in intermediate-risk and high-risk groups (P

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy, and prognostic factors of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Methods: Thirty-seven patients with uHCC who received HAIC with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-TACE between June 2014 and December 2016 at our hospital were recruited. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The overall response rate (ORR) was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Toxicity was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (v4.0). The OS and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression models. Results: Three (8.1%) patients achieved complete response, 17 (46.0%) patients achieved partial response, and the ORR was54.0%.The median OS and median PFS were 19.0 months and 12.0 months, respectively. The common toxicities included grade 3–4 increased aspartate aminotransferase levels (8/37,21.6%), grade 1–2 hyperbilirubinemia (75.7%, 28/37), nonspecific abdominal pain and fever, and grade 2–3 thrombocytopenia (18.9%, 7/37); no patients developed grade 3–4 neutropenia. Univariate analysis showed that the tumor diameter (≤50 mm, p = 0.028), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (p = 0.012), hepatitis B virus DNA level (p = 0.033), and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR; derived neutrophils/leukocytes minus neutrophils) (p = 0.003) were predictive factors for prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with BCLC stage B disease (p = 0.029) and dNLR≤2 before therapy (p = 0.004) had better prognosis. Conclusions: HAIC with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-TACE is a safe and efficacious therapy for patients with uHCC; in particular, those with BCLC stage B and dNLR≤2 have better prognosis. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), Oxaliplatin, Raltitrexed