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Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with the spoken languages by using computer and Artificial Intelligence. As people from different regional areas using different digital platforms and expressing their views in their spoken language, it is now must to focus on working spoken languages in India to make our society smart and digital. NLP research grown tremendously in last decade which results in Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortona and many more automatic speech recognitions and understanding systems (ASR). Natural Language Processing can be understood by classifying it into Natural Language Generation and Natural Language Understanding. NLP is widely used in various domain such as Health Care, Chatbot, ASR building, HR, Sentiment analysis etc.

BackgroundThe clinical manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) are related to copper accumulation in the liver and the brain, but little is known about other tissue involvement regarding metabolic changes in WD. In vitro studies suggested that the loss of intestinal ATP7B affects metabolic dysregulation in WD. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the gut microbiota and lipidome in 2 mouse models of WD and by characterizing a new mouse model with a targeted deletion of Atp7b in the intestine.MethodsCecal content 16S sequencing and untargeted hepatic and plasma lipidome analyses in the Jackson Laboratory toxic-milk and the Atp7b null global knockout mouse models of WD were profiled and integrated. Intestine-specific Atp7b knockout mice (Atp7bΔIEC) were generated and characterized using targeted lipidome analysis following a high-fat diet challenge.ResultsGut microbiota diversity was reduced in animal models of WD. Comparative prediction analysis revealed amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism functions to be dysregulated in the WD gut microbial metagenome. Liver and plasma lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated triglyceride and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in WD models. However, Atp7bΔIEC mice did not show gut microbiome differences compared to wild type. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7bΔIEC mice exhibited profound alterations to fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells.ConclusionsGut microbiome and lipidome underlie systemic metabolic manifestations in murine WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency affected both intestinal and systemic response to a high-fat challenge but not the microbiome profile, at least at early stages. WD is a systemic disease in which intestinal-specific ATP7B loss and diet influence the phenotype and the lipidome profile.

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease of complex clinical phenotype that usually presents in early childhood. Characteristically the child presents with delayed milestones, growth and mental retardation associated with typical facies, photosensitivity, retinitis pigmentosa, deafness and ataxia. The various features are attributed to abnormal transcription rather than abnormal repair of photodamaged DNA. Based on clinical criteria a classical case of Cockayne syndrome in a 7 year old girl is described.

We compared the results of strabismus surgery using adjustable and non-adjustable hang-back muscle recessions in 38 patients having concomitant exotropia. The two groups were matched for age of the patient, type of concomitant exotropia, amount of deviation, and type and amount of muscle surgery. At 6 months follow-up, 18 of the 19 patients (95%) in the adjustable hang-back recession group and 17 of the 19 patients (90%) in the non-adjustable hang-back recession group had ocular alignment within 10 prism diopters (PD) of orthophoria. At the most recent follow-up (mean 3.4 years), 12 of the 13 patients (92%) in adjustable hang-back recession group and 12 of the 14 patients (86%) in non-adjustable hang-back recession group had ocular alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria. There was no statistically significant difference in success rates between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively and at the most recent follow-up. This preliminary study suggests that non-adjustable hang-back muscle recession can be considered for routine concomitant exotropia.

In a prospective study, the efficacy of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was evaluated and compared with pilocarpine 2% as primary treatment in newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Out of 38 patients with POAG included in this study, one eye each of 36 patients underwent ALT, and one eye each of 26 patients received pilocarpine 2% every 8 hours. The mean pre-treatment IOP was 25.48±4.13 mmHg in ALT group and 24.47±3.51 mmHg in the pilocarpine group. The mean post treatment IOP at 2 year follow was 18.2±2.55 mmHg in ALT group and 18.27±2.22 mmHg in the pilocarpine group. Post treatment IOP was significantly lower than pre-treatment IOP in both ALT and pilocarpine groups. The post treatment fall in IOP showed no significant difference in ALT versus pilocarpine 2% at various follow up intervals (p>0.05). This study showed equal efficacy of ALT and pilocarpine 2% as initial therapy of POAG.

The efficacy of topical ketorolac 0.5% in treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) was evaluated in a randomised double-blind prospective trial in 21 patients. Ketorolac treated eyes showed 50.7% reduction in main symptoms of itching compared to 33.3% relief in placebo treated eyes after 2 weeks of treatment (p

We report a patient who developed granulomatous keratitis following corneal tattooing

A case who developed a lesion of tinea corporis bordering a vitiligo lesion is described. Some speculated mechanisms behind this presentation are discussed.

A 2-month-old male infant was found to have Norrie′s disease. The clinical presentation and detailed histological features diagnostic of the disease are discussed. This is the first authentic, histologically proven case of Norrie′s disease from India. The absence of hearing loss and mental retardation at the time of presentation at the early stage of infancy and the fact that the case was sporadic do not detract from the diagnosis. However the child at the age of one year developed hearing loss.

Abstract Background During the last decade, the use of microarrays to assess the transcriptome of many biological systems has generated an enormous amount of data. A common technique used to organize and analyze microarray data is to perform cluster analysis. While many clustering algorithms have been developed, they all suffer a significant decrease in computational performance as the size of the dataset being analyzed becomes very large. For example, clustering 10000 genes from an experiment containing 200 microarrays can be quite time consuming and challenging on a desktop PC. One solution to the scalability problem of clustering algorithms is to distribute or parallelize the algorithm across multiple computers. Results The software described in this paper is a high performance multithreaded application that implements a parallelized version of the K-means Clustering algorithm. Most parallel processing applications are not accessible to the general public and require specialized software libraries (e.g. MPI) and specialized hardware configurations. The parallel nature of the application comes from the use of a web service to perform the distance calculations and cluster assignments. Here we show our parallel implementation provides significant performance gains over a wide range of datasets using as little as seven nodes. The software was written in C# and was designed in a modular fashion to provide both deployment flexibility as well as flexibility in the user interface. Conclusion ParaKMeans was designed to provide the general scientific community with an easy and manageable client-server application that can be installed on a wide variety of Windows operating systems.

A patient of Kaposiâ€s sarcoma which followed a progressive course but without systemic involvement or signs of acquired immunodeficiency is reported. Some unusual features in clinical presentation were noted.

A case of a 32 year old female having acrokeratosis verruciformis is reported. The lesions responded partially to topical vitamin A acid (tretinoin)

A case of multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome recently classified as Multiple Endocrinal Neoplasia (MEN), type 2b, is reported for its rarity and importance of diagnosis at an early age.

Children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) after environmental exposures may develop pancreatic islet autoantibodies (IA) at a very young age. Metabolic profile changes over time may imply responses to exposures and signal development of the first IA. Our present research in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study aimed to identify metabolome-wide signals preceding the first IA against GAD (GADA-first) or against insulin (IAA-first). We profiled metabolomes by mass spectrometry from children's plasma at 3-month intervals after birth until appearance of the first IA. A trajectory analysis discovered each first IA preceded by reduced amino acid proline and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), respectively. With independent time point analysis following birth, we discovered dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) contributing to the risk of each first IA, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAs) associated with the first autoantibody against insulin (IAA-first). Methionine and alanine, compounds produced in BCAA metabolism and fatty acids, also preceded IA at different time points. Unsaturated triglycerides and phosphatidylethanolamines decreased in abundance before appearance of either autoantibody. Our findings suggest that IAA-first and GADA-first are heralded by different patterns of DHAA, GABA, multiple amino acids, and fatty acids, which may be important to primary prevention of T1D.

Amongst the scientific frameworks powered by the Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit Geant4 (Agostinelli et al., 2003), the TOPAS (Tool for Particle Simulation) (Perl et al., 2012) is one. TOPAS focuses on providing ease of use, and has significant implementation in the radiation oncology space at present. TOPAS functionality extends across the full capacity of Geant4, is freely available to non-profit users, and is being extended into radiobiology via TOPAS-nBIO (Ramos-Mendez et al., 2018). A current "grand problem" in cancer therapy is to convert the dose of treatment from physical dose to biological dose, optimized ultimately to the individual context of administration of treatment. Biology MC calculations are some of the most complex and require significant computational resources. In order to enhance TOPAS's ability to become a critical tool to explore the definition and application of biological dose in radiation therapy, we chose to explore the use of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips to speedup the Geant4 calculations at the heart of TOPAS, because this approach called "Reconfigurable Computing" (RC), has proven able to produce significant (around 90x) (Sajish et al., 2012) speed increases in scientific computing. Here, we describe initial steps to port Geant4 and TOPAS to be used on FPGA. We provide performance analysis of the current TOPAS/Geant4 code from an RC implementation perspective. Baseline benchmarks are presented. Achievable performance figures of the subsections of the code on optimal hardware are presented; Aspects of practical implementation of "Monte Carlo on a chip" are also discussed.

While atmospheric warming intensifies the global water cycle, regionalised effects of climate change on water loss, irrigation supply, and food security are highly variable. Here, we elucidate the impacts of the climate crisis on irrigation water availability and cropping area in Nepal's largest irrigation scheme, the Sunsari Morang Irrigation Scheme (SMIS), by accounting for the hydraulic capacity of existing canal systems, and potential changes realised under future climates. To capture variability implicit in climate change projections, we invoke multiple Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; 4.5 and 8.5) across three time horizons (2016–2045, 2036–2065, and 2071–2100). We reveal that although climate change increases water availability to agriculture from December through March, the designed discharge of 60 m3/s would not be available in February-March for both RCPs under all three time horizons. Weed growth, silt deposition, and poor maintenance have reduced the current canal capacity from the design capacity of 60 m3/s to 53 m3/s up to 10.7 km from the canal intake (representing a 12% reduction in the discharge capacity of the canal). Canal flow is further reduced to 35 m3/s at 13.8 km from canal intake, representing a 27% reduction in flow capacity relative to the original design standards. Based on climate projections, and assuming ceteris paribus irrigation infrastructure, total wheat cropping area could increase by 12–19%, 23–27%, and 12–35% by 2016–2045, 2036–2065, and 2071–2100, respectively, due to increased water availability borne by the changing climate. The case for further investment in irrigation infrastructure via water diversion, or installation of efficient pumps at irrigation canal intakes is compelling. Such investment would catalyse a step-change in the agricultural economy that is urgently needed to sustain the Nepalese economy, and thus evoke beneficial cascading implications for global food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Making clinical and economic decisions it is important to distinguish between the primary and the secondary cause of headache, which is often associated with brain pathology. Present study was aimed to study CT findings and MRI findings correlation in chronic headache and its outcome. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, cross-sectional, observational study, conducted patients of age 10-70 years who are presented with chronic headache as chief complaint to the OPD, underwent imaging by CT & MRI. Results: The percentage of females (53%) was slightly higher than males (47%). M:F ratio was found to be 1:1.13. Average age of the population was 50.5± 13.8 years. Majority of the patient population were from urban areas (85%). 7% Patients were found to be overweight whereas 2% were underweight. Average BMI of the population was 22± 2.9 kg/m2. A vast majority (66%) of the patients had complaints between 6-9 months. Average duration of complaints was 8.72± 2.7 months. Majority of the patients (43%) had frontal headache. One sided headache was reported by 38% patients. 5% cases had headache at the back of the neck whereas 2% had it around the eyes. The most common detected pathology was paranasal sinusitis (n= 08), followed by brain tumours (5 %). 2 Pineal lesions were identified in MRI which were missed out by CT scans. 3 Vascular malformations were identified on MRI compared to 2 on CT. Calcified granuloma was defined better compared to CT. The detection rate of CT was found to be 20 % whereas detection rate of MRI was found to be 23%. Conclusion: This study has provided detection rate of 20-23% using CT and MRI and thus given reasonable evidence for radiodiagnosis of chronic headache cases with normal neurological examination and significant intracranial pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neuro-motor disorder that affects various brain functions including movement, muscle tone and posture. Clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy complemented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate changes in the various types of cerebral palsy. Present study was aimed to study correlation between Magnetic resonance imaging patterns and clinical findings in children with in cerebral palsy. Material and Methods: Present study was cross-sectional observational study, conducted in children with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy undergoing magnetic resonance imaging aged up to 10 years. Results: Among 50 children, mean age was 3.89 ± 2.3 years. Males to female ratio was 1.63: 1. The mean weight of the child included in the study was 2.4 ± 0.4 kg. The minimum weight included in the study was 1.6 kg, and the maximum weight was 3.3 kg. Most of the children included in the study were 1.5 to 2.5 kgs (60%). Most common complaints were abnormal movements (54%) followed by seizure episodes (50%). Most common type of cerebral palsy in children was diplegia (32%), followed by quadriplegia and dyskinesia (28%) & hemiplegia (12%). The most common clinical diagnosis among the children included in the present study was spastic diplegia (28%) followed by spastic quadriplegia (24%). Commonest MRI findings was periventricular white matter involvement in 28 children (48%), followed by cerebral cortex involvement (32%). The most common finding among them was ventricular enlargement in 16 children (32%) followed by porencephalic cyst formation (10%). The most common MRI diagnosis among the children included in the present study was periventricular leukomalacia (mild grade) in 34%. Overall correlation between clinical diagnosis and radiological diagnosis with MRI modality is 63.2%. Conclusion: MRI findings correlated with Spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (100%), spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (100%) and ataxic type of cerebral palsy (100%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to enormous quantities with hazards and complexity in nature is a big challenge for effective treatment of wastewater from pharmaceutical processes including herbal extraction through conventional methods of distillation. The situation is further aggravated in countries facing high rising population, urbanization, and industrialization resulting in the generation of industrial wastes. The study has been carried out in the herbal extraction industry by conducting stage-wise sampling of ETP based on the conventional method and further coupled with ozonation as an advanced treatment to comply with regulatory standards. Additionally, the same process was studied that implementing the best available technology (BAT) by providing ETP with advanced technology modules such as MBR (membrane bioreactor) + RO + O3 has not only resulted in compliance with standards but also reuse of treated wastewater into the process and utilities has been proved to be techno-economically a viable and sustainable option. Modifying existing aeration tanks and advanced oxidation through ozone injection post-biological treatment has resulted in COD and BOD reduction of 96.42% and 99.0% respectively. Whereas in the case of MBR + RO + O3, the values of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, and sulfide have been observed as 8.32, 2.0 mg.L-1, 14.0 mg.L-1, 1.0 mg.L-1 and 0.0 mg.L-1 respectively and 98% recovery of treated effluent, thus saving 44 KL.day-1 of freshwater resulting into significant financial benefits of Rupees 12.59 lacs annually, which otherwise was outsourced through tankers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]