Search

BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine cancer worldwide. The diagnosis and distinction between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasm, especially in follicular patterned thyroid lesions is still difficult. Of the various immuno histochemical markers, Galectin-3 was most reliable in diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. AIM To study diagnostic utility of Galectin-3 in thyroid neoplasm. METHODS This was laboratory based diagnostic study, where 92 cases of thyroid neoplasm (48-malignant and 44 benign) were analyzed for Galectin-3 expression. The Galectin-3 staining was quantitatively evaluated as percentage of positive tumor cells and qualitatively for intensity of staining. When membrane ± cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of Galectin-3 was present in more than 10% of tumor cells was considered as positive staining. RESULTS Galectin 3 expression was significantly higher in thyroid cancer as compared to benign thyroid neoplasm (p<0.001). 33/35 cases of PTC were positive for Galectin-3 expression. Galectin-3 expression was significantly higher in FTC as compared to FA (p <0.01). Galectin-3 was also useful to differentiate between FVPTC and FTC (p<0.01) and FVPTC from other benign neoplasm (<0.01).The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid neoplasm were 83.33%, 100%,100%, 84.62% respectively. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 is a potential marker in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid neoplasm. It can used as sole marker for differentiating PTC and benign thyroid neoplasm and also useful to differentiate between FVPTC and FTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT)/carcinosarcoma is an exceptionally rare tumor, representing just 1%-5% of all gynecological malignancies, but leading to 15% of gynecological malignancy-related deaths, with an occurrence of <2/1,00,000 women/year. Material and Methods: Twenty-one patients with MMMT of the uterus accounting for 1.7% of total uterine malignancies were included in the study. The histologic subtypes of the carcinoma and sarcoma components were examined and recorded. The proportions of carcinoma and sarcoma components were semi-quantitatively evaluated and recorded within the primary tumor site in the hysterectomy specimen. Among the metastatic sites and recurrent tumors, the histologic component (carcinoma vs. sarcoma) was evaluated. Results: Of these 21 cases, the carcinomatous component was further subtyped as 11 cases with endometrioid morphology, four cases each of clear cell and serous morphology, and two cases had undifferentiated epithelial component. Most of the tumors had carcinomatous components and 55% of tumors were high grade. Prognostic factors include the presence of bleeding (P = 0.05) which is associated with poor outcomes. Other known prognostic factors like myometrial invasion (P = 0.46) and stage of disease (P = 0.86) did not show any prognostic significance in present study. Conclusions: The elderly age, higher stage, and a poorly differentiated tumor are associated with poor outcomes. Utmost efforts should be made to educate women in early cancer detection by creating awareness on risk factors and symptoms. Study on the trends of gynecological cancers is essential to plan and evaluate cancer control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare subtype of liposarcoma with a high preponderance of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The frequent site of DDLPS is the retroperitoneum, followed by the limbs and trunk. The primary omental DDLPS is very rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report a rare case of primary giant DDLPS of omentum with intraperitoneal metastasis in a 61year old woman. The present case report adds to our knowledge, that a case of intraperitoneal DDLPS can mimic ovarian cancer clinically and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holi is a festival of colours, traditionally celebrated by greeting others and applying various colours. These colours are synthetic dyes which may have harmful side-effects on the skin and mucocutaneous areas like the conjunctiva and oral mucosa. In India, these colours are prepared on a small scale and lack any quality checks. Here we present a case of a 43 years old female who developed angioedema with urticaria progressing into urticarial vasculitis after playing with the colours in the festival of Holi. This case report highlights the need to put manufacturing of Holi colours under the guidelines of the Food and Drug Cosmetic Act and the Bureau of Indian Standards [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophilic panniculitis (EP) is characterized by prominent infiltration of subcutaneous fat with eosinophils. The etiology is diverse. This is not a disease but represents a reaction pattern that may occur in a variety of circumstances. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl child who was diagnosed with EP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the only gynecologic cancer with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine association of cell proliferation marker CyclinD1, p53 and Ki67 with clinicopathological parameters and survival analysis in patients of EC., Material and Methods: One hundred twenty-four histological confirmed cases of EC treated at our institute were included in this study. The appropriate tissue blocks of cases which were retrieved from 2010 to 2015. The study period was from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020. Data pertaining to patient's clinical details, histopathological diagnosis, treatment and follow up was retrieved from Hospital information System. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Cyclin D1, p53 and Ki67 was done. Overall survival and Disease-free survival for each category were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method., Results: Of the 124 cases of EC, 108(87.09%) cases were of type I and 16 (12.89%) cases of type II. Overall positive staining of cyclinD1, p53 and Ki67 were noted in 53.22%, 42.22% and 32.3% cases respectively. The clinicopathological parameters affecting disease-free survival were age (p=0.039) histological types (p=0.007), and FIGO stage (p< 0.001). Elevated Ki67 index and p53 overexpression was associated with type II morphology (p= 0.001). Whereas Cyclin D1 expression was associated with type I morphology and poorly differentiated tumor., Conclusion: Cyclin D1 positive staining, p53overexpression and an elevated Ki-67index all had an independent prognostic significance in endometrial cancer. This panel of biomarkers may help to differentiate tumor behavior, and necessity for more radical surgery and post- operative chemotherapy. Key words: Endometrial carcinoma; cyclin D1; p53; Ki67; Survival analysis.

Purpose: Most of the studies regarding DNA damage in lens epithelial cells (LECs) of cataract patients have been done on lymphocyte or human LECs cultures. Studies of DNA damage directly in LECs of cataract patients are scanty and, to our knowledge, neither photographic evidence nor has a quantitative assessment of DNA damage have been put forward. In our study, we assessed and quantified DNA damage directly in the LECs of senile cataract patients, right after cataract surgery., Methods: LECs were taken from different morphologic types of senile cataract patients after surgery and DNA damage was immediately assessed by comet assay. Quantitative assessment of DNA damage was conducted using CometScore ™ software., Results: There were no prominent comets in most of the LECs of the control subjects, but comets were found in cataractous LECs. DNA fragments in the tail of the comet gave smearing (not banded), which was indicative of chemical damage (i.e., not site specific). DNA damage in the LECs of cataract patients was highly significant (p<0.001). DNA damage in cortical cataracts was significant (p<0.01) when compared to that of nuclear or posterior subcapsular cataracts, but the DNA damage between nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts was not significant. Furthermore, we found disrupted nuclear membranes in some of the nuclei in LECs of patients, but not in the control subjects., Conclusions: In senile cataract patients, LECs DNA was randomly damaged and this type of damage was possible by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage was found maximally in the cortical type of cataracts. Oxidative DNA damage of the LECs may be one of the etiology of senile cataractogenesis.

A total of 101 individuals who showed AS pattern on haemoglobin electrophoresis were included in this study and various haematological investigations were carried out on them. Of these, 79 cases were grouped as AS patients. Twenty two healthy relatives of sickle anemia patients were grouped as AS controls. Twenty AA controls were also included in this study. Haemoglobin S (HbS) and hemoglobin A (HbA) quantitation was carried out. The frequency distribution of HbS percentage showed that maximum subjects had HbS levels above 33%. A female predominance was seen in subjects of sickle cell trait. Haemoglobin levels and total red cell counts of AS patients were found to be significantly lower than those of AS controls. Reticulocyte counts and hematocrit values of AS patients were found to be significantly higher than AS controls. MCV and MCH values of AS patients were found to be significantly lower, but MCHC was not significantly altered.