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Copyright of Journal of Seed Science is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Removal of lettuce basal leaves is a technique used by the seed industry; however, the effects on seed production and physiological potential are unknown. Genetic dissimilarity is fundamental in the identification of individuals in terms of traits of interest, although it is rarely considered in relation to seeds that are tolerant to thermoinhibition. The aim of this study was to ascertain the relationship between defoliation of lettuce plants and seed yield/physiological quality, as well as the genetic dissimilarity among genotypes with regard to seed thermoinhibition. We used 35 lines of biofortified lettuce, the cultivars Uberlândia 10000, Belíssima, UFU MC BIOFORT1, and Everglades (tolerant to thermoinhibition), and Grand Rapids and Verônica (susceptible to thermoinhibition). The seed yield and physiological quality of the genotypes with and without defoliation were evaluated, artificially aged, and germinated at four temperatures in a factorial arrangement. The genetic dissimilarity was estimated by Tocher graphing and the UPGMA clustering method, based on the Mahalanobis generalized distance (D 2 ii). Four UFU genotypes and Grand Rapids had high seed yields. With removal of basal leaves, there was higher seed yield per plant and there was an effect on their physiological quality. The genotypes exhibited genetic variability for thermoinhibition, with UFU-86#2#1#1 and Everglades showing similar performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrid plants has led to agronomic and economic advantages. However, the benefits provided by dwarf parents in tomato hybrids of the Santa Cruz type remain unexplored. The aims of this study were to determine the agronomic enhancement in BC1F2 dwarf populations bearing characteristic fruit of the Santa Cruz type after the first backcross and to select populations with high agronomic potential and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with 15 treatments and 4 replicates. Evaluated genetic materials included 11 BC1F2 dwarf tomato populations, both parents (recurrent and donor), and the cultivars (Santa Cruz Kada and Santa Clara). Traits evaluated included: mean weight, soluble solid concentration, number of locules, shape, pulp thickness, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameters, internode length, and plant height. Univariate, multivariate, correlation, and selection index analyses showed that mean fruit weight, transverse diameter, and pulp thickness increased significantly in dwarf populations after a single backcross, most of them exhibiting a fruit shape similar to that of the Santa Cruz type. The dwarf BC1F2 populations UFU-Sci#11 and UFU-Sci#12 showed high potential for obtaining lines and, subsequently, Santa Cruz type hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil quality is its ability to function within the limits of the ecosystem and land use to ensure biological productivity, preserve environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health. Thus, the objective of this study was to select soil quality indicators sensitive to different agricultural practices adopted in areas of agroecological systems in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in the 0-20 cm layer, at the end of the dry season, in three different rural properties dedicated to an agroecological system (AS) located in the municipalities of Romaria and Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ten soil samples were evaluated, five from areas with agroecological management and five from pasture areas as reference. Chemical attributes, microbiota population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR), and activity of beta-glucosidase, phosphatase, and arylsulfatase enzymes were evaluated. The variables basal respiration, betaglucosidase, pH, and bacterial and actinobacterial colonies were sensitive to different agroecological (AS) and pasture managements, so these variables can be used as indicators of soil quality. The mean values between the ratio of AS and pasture of these indicators were 1.69, 1.20, 3.57 and 2.44, respectively. Agroecological system areas showed a soil with better quality and, possibly, greater activity of its basic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining broad pest resistance, high yield, and nutritional quality of fruit in the same hybrid is a challenge for round tomato breeders. Thus, development of a dwarf round tomato line for obtaining hybrids may be an excellent alternative for achieving such objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic potential, fruit quality, and pest resistance of BC1F3 dwarf round tomato populations. We evaluated 13 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments consisted of 10 BC1F3 dwarf populations originating from self-fertilization of dwarf populations selected in BC1F2, plus both parents (recurrent and donor) and a commercial hybrid. The traits evaluated were yield, number of fruit, mean weight, number of locules, shape, pulp thickness, longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit, precocity index, and soluble solids, ß-carotene, lycopene, and acylsugar content. The data were analyzed through the means test. In general, there was an increase of up to 1035% in average fruit weight of the dwarf populations in relation to the donor parent. In addition, some dwarf populations had fruit with 49% more lycopene compared to the commercial hybrid, as well as greater acylsugar content in the leaves (273%). The UFU-DW22 dwarf population stood out with good agronomic potential, higher lycopene content in the fruit, and high acylsugar content, which provides pest resistance. To continue this research, a second backcross is suggested in order to obtain lines and, posteriorly, hybrids with round fruits and compact plants, pest resistance and nutritional quality of fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Incubation Center for Popular Solidarity Enterprises (Cieps) has been developing actions aimed at family farming from an agroecological perspective. It is important to debate and disseminate knowledge about the respect of Landrace Seeds, such as those that can be used to increase the reach of family members and approved by land reform,in the context of the surrounding technological and business agriculture. Thus, this account showed the experience of a Conversation Circle which main objective was the socialization of knowledge and the exchange of experiences on Landrace seeds. The Conversation Circle took place during the V University Day in Defense of Land Reform, in 2019, at the Federal University of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Some discussion points and reports from participants were presented, subdivided into the following themes: productive independence; genetic preservation and starting a seed bank. Bringing the theme Landrace Seeds to be discussed with family farmers and settlers from the land reform in times of consolidated dominance of technology packages recommended by the conventional market and often inaccessible to the producer, contributed to enable their activities and enable social economic development independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato cultivation is globally significant, demanding enhanced yields and biotic stress resilience for sustainability. Dwarf plant utilization in tomato genetic enhancement offers underexplored benefits. Yet, Santa Cruz dwarf tomato germplasm is unavailable. This study evaluated genetic dissimilarity, agronomic potential, and acylsugar content of Santa Cruz dwarf tomato plants across three successive backcrossings. Twelve advanced backcrossing populations (BC) and a commercial control (cv. Kada) were assessed, totaling 15 treatments. Agronomic traits and acylsugar content were measured, and analysis techniques were applied to assess genetic dissimilarity and backcrossing superiority. BC3 populations UFU-Sci#8, UFU-Sci#6, UFU-Sci#5, and UFU-Sci#1 excelled. Dwarf plants predominantly exhibited high leaflet acylsugar levels, suggesting potential for acquisition of hybrid with pest resistance. Notably, UFU MC TOM1 (dwarf plant) displayed significant glycine and L-serine presence, associated with various biotic stresses. These findings unveil the promising creation of dwarf Santa Cruz tomato hybrids with a broad spectrum of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that number of registered sweet potato cultivars in Brazil is limited and they are mostly white-fleshed cultivars with Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Topics include sweet potato Ipomoea batatas was developed by International Potato Center in Peru by controlled crossing between the elite orange flesh sweetpotato clone; and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and establishment of the crop in comparison with the Beauregard cultivar.