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1. What kind of space does Sheffield International College provide for its students and principal stakeholders?

Author

Smith, Kevin Richard and Bottery, Mike

Subjects
370, Education
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with one example of the recent phenomenon of International Pathway Colleges, Sheffield International College. It is a case study designed to answer initial questions and identify areas for future research, which uses the lens of The Third Space (Bhabha, 1994) to investigate the educational, organizational and cultural aspects of the College. Chapter one presents a series of research questions to support the investigation. Chapter two’s literature review uses a framework suggested by Ridley (2008) to establish background, context, theories and concepts, terminology and previous research and its limitations. An ever-evolving HE sector and a for-profit educational and media sector are described. The circumstances which have brought them together in creating more than forty partnerships since 2005 are examined. Globalisation is identified as the driving force and key characteristics are identified. Two different narrative themes are described, one pessimistic and the other optimistic. The Third Space is then explored as a lens through which to consider the College: its educational, organizational and cultural facets are considered. Methodological and ethical issues are then reviewed. The research and its findings are discussed. It is suggested that the evidence depicts a sometimes random and contradictory picture as a consequence of a move from an international to an internationalizing strategy at the University – a move which has not been reflected in the mission or vision for the College. The thesis concludes with recommendations at the local and sector level. At the local level, it is recommended that Third Space analysis is used to determine where the College sits within the University’s internationalization strategy. At the sector level it is recommended that commercial rivals act collaboratively in the interests of the occupants of the sector – students and staff. Finally the prospects of this happening, and those for the College, are considered.

Published
2014

3. The Role of Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species in Particulate Air Pollution-Dependent Biochemical and Biological Activities

Author

Smith, Kevin Richard

Subjects
Chemistry, Biological Activities, Iron, technology, industry, and agriculture, respiratory system, Reactive Oxygen Species, complex mixtures, Particulate Air Pollution-Dependent Biochemical, Biochemical
Abstract

Particulate air pollution is known to exacerbate respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in humans. It has been proposed that transition meta ls from inhaled particles may play a role in this exacerbation by generating radical species leading to damage in the lungs. The aim of this research was to determine the role that iron from particulate air pollution played in the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequently the induction of inflammatory mediators in cells in culture. The production of reactive oxygen species by particulate air pollution was found to be dependent on the mobilization of iron from the particles by chelators, such as the physiologically relevant citrate. The amount of iron mobilized from the combustion particulate, coal fly ash, was dependent on the type of coal used to generate the fly ash and was greatest in the smallest size fraction collected for three different coal types. In addition, the amount of iron mobilized from coal fly ash by citrate correlated closely with the amount mobilized in human lung epithelial (A549) cells, as indicated by induction of the iron storage protein, ferritin. The amount of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8, secreted in response to coal fly ash treatment varied with the amount of iron mobilized intracellularly from the particles, with the greatest response to the smaller size fractions which released the largest amounts of iron. There was a direct relationship, above a threshold level of bioavailable iron, between the level of interleukin-8 and bioavailable iron in cells treated with coal fly ash. Tetramethyl thiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide prevented the increased production of interleukin-8 by human lung epithelial cells treated with coal fly ash, suggesting the role of a radical species in the induction of this inflammatory mediator. The mobilization of iron from coal fly ash by citrate or in human lung epihelial cells, as well as the induction of interleukin-8, did not correlate with the total amount of iron in the particles. Instead, preliminary results suggest that these measured values vary directly with the amount of iron contained in the aluminosilicate fraction of the fly ash.

Published
1999
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