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Studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of pertussis, but the specific causal relationships are yet to be determined. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines, as regulators of immune responses, may mediate the relationship between immune cells and pertussis, and the specific mechanisms involved require further exploration. This study utilizes data from multiple large-scale genome-wide association studies, covering 731 types of immune cells and 91 types of inflammatory cytokines. The bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method is employed, with inverse-variance weighted as the main statistical approach, to assess the causal relationships between immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and pertussis. Furthermore, a 2-step MR method is used to investigate the mediating role of inflammatory cytokines in the effect of immune cells on pertussis. Our study results indicate that 11 types of immune cells have a protective effect against pertussis, with the strongest protection observed from CD25 on CD28+ CD4+ cells (OR = 0.3533, CI = 0.1636-0.7627, P = .008). Conversely, 19 types of immune cells are positively associated with the risk of pertussis, with the strongest correlation found in CD3- lymphocyte %lymphocyte (OR = 3.6613, CI = 1.5012-8.299, P = .0043). Additionally, 3 inflammatory cytokines - IL-4, IL-18R1, and FGF-21 - show a causal relationship with pertussis. Our mediation MR results indicate that inflammatory cytokines do not act as mediators in the relationship between immune cells and pertussis. This study suggests a causal relationship between immune cells and pertussis, while inflammatory cytokines do not appear to be mediating factors in the pathway from immune cells to pertussis., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant post-transcriptional dynamic RNA modification process in eukaryotes, extensively implicated in cellular growth, embryonic development and immune homeostasis. One of the most profound biological functions of m6A is to regulate RNA metabolism, thereby determining the fate of RNA. Notably, the regulation of m6A-mediated organized RNA metabolism critically relies on the assembly of membraneless organelles (MLOs) in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, such as nuclear speckles, stress granules and processing bodies. In addition, m6A-associated MLOs exert a pivotal role in governing diverse RNA metabolic processes encompassing transcription, splicing, transport, decay and translation. However, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated m6A levels contribute to the formation of pathological condensates in a range of human diseases, including tumorigenesis, reproductive diseases, neurological diseases and respiratory diseases. To date, the molecular mechanism by which m6A regulates the aggregation of biomolecular condensates associated with RNA metabolism is unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the updated biochemical processes of m6A-associated MLOs, particularly focusing on their impact on RNA metabolism and their pivotal role in disease development and related biological mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that m6A-associated MLOs could serve as predictive markers for disease progression and potential drug targets in the future., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

This study estimates the individual birth weight (IBW) trait heritability and investigates the genomic prediction efficiency using three types of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping panels in Korean Yorkshire pigs. We use 38,864 IBW phenotypic records to identify a suitable model for statistical genetics, where 698 genotypes match our phenotypic records. During our genomic analysis, the deregressed estimated breeding values (DEBVs) and their reliabilities are used as derived response variables from the estimated breeding values (EBVs). Bayesian methods identify the informative regions and perform the genomic prediction using the IBW trait, in which two common significant window regions (SSC8 27 Mb and SSC15 29 Mb) are identified using the three genotyping platforms. Higher prediction ability is observed using the DEBV-including parent average as a response variable, regardless of the SNP genotyping panels and the Bayesian methods, relative to the DEBV-excluding parent average. Hence, we suggest that fine-mapping studies targeting the identified informative regions in this study are necessary to find the causal mutations to improve the IBW trait's prediction ability. Furthermore, studying the IBW trait using a genomic prediction model with a larger genomic dataset may improve the genomic prediction accuracy in Korean Yorkshire pigs.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular carbon and energy storage materials produced in various microorganisms under nutrient-limited conditions. PhaR is a regulatory protein involved in PHA synthesis. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in rice and has PHA biosynthesis genes in its genome, but the biological function of phaR in Xoo is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of the mutagenesis of phaR gene in Xoo strain PXO99 A . Compared to the wildtype, the PhaR gene knock-out mutant PXO99ΔphaR was hypermotile and showed decreased growth rates in both rich and limited nutrient media. PXO99ΔphaR also showed almost 75% decrease in extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production. When inoculated in rice leaves by leaf-clipping method, PXO99ΔphaR displayed reduced virulence in terms of lesion length and bacterial multiplication compared with the wildtype strain. PXO99ΔphaR also showed enhanced hypersensitive response (HR) induction in the leaves of non-host Nicotiana benthamiana with elevated hpa1 gene expression. Introduction of a cosmid containing the phaR coding sequence restored the phenotypes of the mutant to those of the wildtype strain. These results suggest that PhaR gene is an important gene that affects multiple bacterial characteristics, including EPS production, growth rate, defense response induced harpin production and motility, related to its virulence in plant.

With the classical ensemble method, the correlated-electron dynamics of Mg atom from a doubly excited, transition Coulomb complex in few-cycle circularly polarized (CP) laser field at low laser intensity is theoretically investigated. The low energy transfer during the recollision process indicates that the two electrons cannot release directly, but it can pass through a doubly excited state, and then escape with the ionization time difference. The numerical results show that the feature of the sequential double ionization (SDI) can be observed in the nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) process. The SDI-like results demonstrate that the intermediate state has lost any memory of its formation dynamics. The distribution of the angle between the two release directions of the two electrons also depends on the ionization time difference. Finally, the influence of e-e Coulomb repulsion is discussed.

Paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) is an uncommon upper airway disorder defined as paradoxical adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration. The etiology and treatment of PVFM are unclear. The physician should manage this condition because of the possibility of near complete airway obstruction in severe case of PVFM. We report a case of successful airway management in a patient with PVFM by applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In this case, PVFM was detected after removing an endotracheal tube from a 67-year-old male who underwent excision of a laryngeal mass. The patient recovered without complications in 1 day with support by CPAP.

Background: MicroRNA-126(miR-126) has been shown to be frequently down-regulated in a variety of malignancies and act as a potential tumor suppressor. However, its correlations with the clinicopathological characters of cervical cancer remain unclear., Methods: TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of miR-126 in tissue samples. The associations of miR-126 expression with clinicopathologic variables were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the association of miR-126 expression with overall survival (OS) of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed., Results: miR-126 expression level in human cervical cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent nontumorous tissues (mean ± SD: 0.59 ± 0.44 vs. 1.00 ± 0.51, P < 0.0001). Decreased miR-126 expression in cervical cancer was found to be significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.002), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), FIGO stage (P = 0.009), and histological grade (P = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with lower levels of miR-126 had significantly poorer survival than those with higher expression of this miRNA in patients, with a 5-year OS of 45.7% and 70.9%, respectively (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-126 expression (HR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.01-20.22; P = 0.003) was independently associated with the OS., Conclusion: Our data suggests the potential of miR-126 as a prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer., Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000&#95;2014&#95;220.