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With the increasing risks of Internet of vehicles (IoV) attack, the network security threats of vehicle-mounted systems, vehicle-mounted terminals, vehicle-mounted information and service applications, the operation and service platform of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are prominent.Information tampering and virus intrusion in the generalized network attack have been proved to be suitable for the attack of ICVs.The characteristics of weak password authentication and weak encryption in traditional IoV are hard to satisfy the current requirements of multi-network and multi-node security protection in the field of IoV.In addition, the lack of domestic security encryption authentication mechanism and the imperfect encryption authentication system make it more difficult to satisfy the requirements of IoV security.To solve the problem of IoV security encryption authentication, the paper studies IoV security encryption authentication technology in the age of big data.Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and relevant concepts of IoV security in the era of big data.Then it contrasts and analyzes the current IoV security architecture, and puts forward IoV security encryption authentication system in the era of big data, and elaborates systematically the IoV security technology architecture and the encryption authentication way of IoV communication module.Then the architecture proposed in this paper is compared with the information security standards of the IoV and elaborates key technology and innovations of the IoV security encryption authentication.Finally, the paper summarizes and proposes the problems and challenges faced by the current security encryption authentication technology of IoV.

Evolutionary game theory involves multiple disciplinary sciences and has enormous scientific value and promising applicability. Collective behavior is an important topic of interdisciplinary study. Ethology has shown the ubiquity of collective behavior and has proven the rationality of evolutionary theory in explaining the emergence of collective behavior. The recent development of complex network theory offers a convenient framework for describing game interactions and competition relationships among individuals. The combination of evolutionary games and complex networks, particularly, evolutionary game theory in a complex network, has been attracting growing interest from different fields. It has undergone substantial development, especially in quantitative analysis of two-strategy competition. Under this framework, the complex network represents the population structure, and the game describes interactions between individuals. On the basis of the methodology from network science, stochastic process, and statistical physics, the framework mainly focuses on how population structures, individual behavior patterns, and interacting environments influence the emergence of collective behavior. In this paper, the mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation were given under the framework of evolutionary game, including kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. Recently, the effects of individual heterogeneity and environmental feedback on cooperation had attracted growing interest. Next, five main theoretical methods were addressed for analyzing the evolutionary game in complex networks, including the \begin{document}$ \sigma $\end{document}- dominance rule, the coalescing theory, the pairwise approximation, the coalescing random walk theory, and the adaptive dynamics. Particularly, the recently proposed coalescing random walk theory is suitable for analyzing the dynamics of any network structure and any update rule. Then, the studies on the evolution of fairness in ultimatum games were presented, and reasonable resource allocation is the key factor for social stability, economic development, and individual health. Finally, the challenges and further directions of studying ultimatum games in a complex network were summarized.

AIM: To observe the application effect of single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty in combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma.METHODS: Twenty eight patients(30 eyes)suffered from acute attack of glaucoma with large pupil and cataract, received cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with angle separation or trabeculectomy and single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty in apllication. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, pupil diameter and complications were observed, and postoperative visual quality were measured.RESULTS: The visual acuity of 7d after operation was significantly improved without double vision and glare. The preoperative pupil diameter was 5.9+0.25mm, and the postoperative was 4.1±0.13mm(PPCONCLUSION: Single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty is simple, safe and effective. It can obviously eliminate the visual impairment caused by the large pupil after acute glaucoma attack.

Background/Aims: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common consequence of acute kidney injury. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway, is essential for the proper functioning of essential redox and antioxidant defense systems. Previous studies have indicated that NADPH is responsible for protecting the brain from ischemic injury. The goal of this study was to analyze the protective function of NADPH in renal IRI. Methods: The IRI animal model was generated through a midline laparotomy surgery that clamped both sides of the renal pedicles for 40 min to induce renal ischemia. The in vitro model was generated by removing oxygen and glucose from human kidney epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), followed by reoxygenation to imitate IRI. Renal function and histopathological changes were observed and evaluated. Additionally, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were determined in renal tissue homogenate as indicators of oxidative stress. ROS production in cells was determined by DHE staining. Protein biomarker expression was evaluated by western blot, apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining, and p65 nuclear translocation was visualized by immunofluorescence. Results: Our data indicated that NADPH safeguarded the kidneys from histological and functional damage, and significantly reduce cell injury along with preventing potential increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Furthermore, we observed that NADPH increased glutathione levels, while reducing levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, our results suggested that NADPH treatment may alleviate IRI-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusion: NADPH treatment may protect against renal IRI and should be further developed as a new treatment for acute kidney injury.

AIM: To discuss the curative effect of extra-panretinal photocoagulation on proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)during vitreous operation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 diabetic retinopathy patients(70 eyes)who accepted vitreous surgery in our hospital due to vitreous hemorrhage or vitreous retina traction change from March 2011 to March 2013. In follow-up clinics, according to the difference of patient's retinal photo-coagulation range, we divided it into extra-panretinal photocoagulation group(40 patients)and panretinal photocoagulation(30 patients), respectively observed the best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and retinal vessel changes in two groups and made statistical analysis. RESULTS: Through comparing the eye condition, visual acuity after 3mo, intraocular pressure between the two groups patients, the difference had no statistical significance(all of the P>0.05). Comparing the incidence of retinal blood vessel leak, posterior pole exudate, and posterior pole bleeding points in two groups patients, the difference had statistically significant(all of the PP=0.04, 0.02). Comparing the incidence of macular edema in two groups patients after operation, the difference had no statistically significance(P=1.00). Comparing the extinction time of macular edema, the difference had statistically significant(PCONCLUSION: To cure proliferation diabetic retinopathy, adopting the extra-panretinal photocoagulation has a better curative effect than panretinal photocoagulation on curing no-perfusion area of retina, retinal blood vessel leak, prepapillary vascular leak in operation on vitreous. However, the excessive retinal photocoagulation has a clear damage on retina and choroid. Therefore, in the treatment, while covering the retinopathy as far as possible, it is important to master the laser energy and spot number preventing the complications.

AIM: To explored the treatment effects of retinal laser photocoagulation and the applications of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)in the diabetic retinopathy.METHODS: We collected 60 patients(120 eyes)with diabetic retinopathy(Ⅲ～Ⅳstage)from February 2013 to February 2014 in Anyang Eye Hospital admitted in fundus disease department. The health control(HC)group of 55 normal people was established simultaneously. Ocular blood flow velocity of the 55 normal people(110 eyes)and the 60 patients(120 eyes)was examined by CDFI of central retinal artery(CRA)and posterior ciliary artery(PCAs)using the PHILIPS HD6. Peak systolic velocity(PSV)was recorded. The examinations of CDFI, electroretinogram(ERG)and the vision were performed in pre-operation, 1,7d, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively. RESULTS: Compared the PSV of CRA of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(PPPPP>0.05). Compared the aA and bA of ERG of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(PPP>0.05). The vision of 49 cases(98 eyes)was improved 1 to 3 rows, the effective rate was 82%.The vision of 11 cases(22 eyes)remained constant.CONCLUSION: Retinal laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment to diabetic retinopathy patients, which can significantly reduce the peak systolic velocity of the central retinal artery, improve and stabilize the condition, protect visual function in long-term clinical effect. Color doppler flow imaging can observe the changes of ocular vessel flow velocity in diabetic' eyes noninvasively, repeatedly and in real time, providing a basis for clinical treatments.

AIM: To observe the efficacy of 25G+ vitrectomy surgery for malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery. METHODS: Totally 18 eyes of 18 patients with malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery were analyzed retrospectively from January 2013 to June 2016. The visual acuity was between hand moving to 0.5 before surgery, the intraocular pressure was between 18.3-56.8mmHg before surgery, an average of 35.21±10.43mmHg. The length eye axis was between 19.60-22.46mm, an average of 20.63±0.48mm. The depth of anterior chamber was between 0.98-1.86mm, an average of 1.31±0.22mm. All the patients were performed with 25G+ vitrectomy. The visual acuity, anterior chamber and intraocular pressure were studied after treatment. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 6-18mo with an average of 9mo. BCVA at the last follow up improved to 0.2-0.8, and there was significant difference compared to that before operation(Pt=7.59, Pt=9.07, PCONCLUSION: The 25G+ vitrectomy is safe and effective for treating malignant glaucoma, controls IOP and reduces complications compared with traditional vitrectomy.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the repair of central nervous system injury, but cannot directly traverse the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes are a new type of non-viral vector, able to carry macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain. Here, we investigate whether BDNF could be transported across the blood-brain barrier by tail-vein injection of liposomes conjugated to transferrin (Tf) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carrying BDNF modified with cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV) or glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (pGFAP) (Tf-pCMV-BDNF-PEG and Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG, respectively). Both liposomes were able to traverse the blood-brain barrier, and BDNF was mainly expressed in the cerebral cortex. BDNF expression in the cerebral cortex was higher in the Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG group than in the Tf-pCMV-BDNF-PEG group. This study demonstrates the successful construction of a non-virus targeted liposome, Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and is distributed in the cerebral cortex. Our work provides an experimental basis for BDNF-related targeted drug delivery in the brain.

AIM:To observe the effect of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab at perioperative period of compound trabeculectomy on iris neovascularization, intraocular pressure(IOP)for patients with neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS:Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, compound trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation were given to 38 patients(38 eyes)with neovascular glaucoma, which could not be controlled by drugs, from January 2013 to January 2014 in Anyang Eye Hospital. Iris neovascularization, IOP and changes of visual acuity were observed before and after treatments. The patients were followed up for 6mo after treatments.RESULTS: Seven days after intravitreal injection, 36 cases(94.74%)had complete regression of iris neovascularization. Two cases(5.26%)had regression of small blood vessels in the iris, a little thick blood vessels were remained. At 1mo after compound trabeculectomy, iris neovascularization in all patients were subsided; at 3mo after treatments, the iris neovascularization in 8 patients(21.05%)were performed again, and accepted intravitreal injection of ranibizumab again. Six months after the first treatments, all patients showed no iris neovascularization. The mean IOP before injection was 42.82±10.29mmHg. At 5d after the drug injection was 39.13±9.71mmHg. Before and after the drug injection, change of IOP was not statistically significant(q=2.65, P>0.05). At 1wk,1,3 and 6mo after compound trabeculectomy, IOP was 10.53±1.81mmHg, 10.11±1.73mmHg, 11.29±2.49mmHg, 12.58±3.01mmHg,which decreased significantly(q=23.15,23.46,22.61,21.68, all Pq=20.51,20.81,19.96,19.04, all PCONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab at perioperative period of compound trabeculectomy can effectively improve the success rate of the surgeries and reduce risk of complications, and the effect is certainly safe.

AIM:To observe the effect of phacoemulsification on the ocular surface in patients with conjunctivochalasis and cataract. METHODS:Totally, 150 cases(200 eyes)of cataract patients accepted phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation form September 2014 to December 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases were divided into two groups, normal group(110 cases with 140 eyes)and conjunctivochalasis group(40 cases with 60 eyes)according to coexisted with conjunctivochalasis or not. Follow up lasted 3～6mo. The breakup time(BUT)of tear film, foreign body sensation, epiphora and conjunctival congestion of two groups were observed before and after operation and statistically analyzed. The time, these factors took to recover to preoperative state were observed too. RESULTS:The differences of the BUT of two groups before and after the operation was statistically significant(t=20.93, 19.16; both P=0.00). The differences of the two groups after operations in terms of ocular foreign body sensation, epiphora and conjunctival congestion had statistical significance(P=0.00). The time these observed factors of two groups took to recover to preoperative state was significantly different(t=17.16, 14.18, 27.41; all P=0.00). CONCLUSION:The ocular surface conditions are significantly worse after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in cataract patients. Conjunctivochalasis could significantly delay the recovery of ocular surface function after cataract surgery.