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In order to explore the application of machine learning algorithm to intelligent analysis of big data in an artificial intelligence (AI) environment, make cognitive computing meet the requirements of AI and better assist humans to carry out data analysis, first, the theoretical basis of machine learning algorithm is elaborated. Then, a cognitive computational model based on the machine learning algorithm is proposed, including the essence, principle, function, training method of deep belief network (DBN) algorithm, as well as the joint use of DBN algorithm and multilayer perceptron. Finally, the proposed algorithm is simulated. The results show that under the same parameter conditions, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is >40, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is significantly higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is 30, the best effect can be obtained, and the error rate is

Descripció del recurs: 27 juliol 2022 The aim of this book on artificial intelligence for architects and designers is to guide future designers, in general, and architects, in particular, to support the social and cultural wellbeing of the humanity in a digital and global environment. This objective is today essential but also extremely large, interdisciplinary and interartistic, so we have done just a brief introduction of the subject. We will start with the argument fixed by the Professor Jonas Langer in his web some years ago, that we have defined as: “The Langer’s Tree”.

Cognitive impairment is present in up to 65% of Relapsing Remitting Multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and can be extremely debilitating. Although deficits in episodic memory and processing speed occur more frequently than executive deficits, executive dysfunction tends to have a significant impact on MS patients' ability to generate strategies, think divergently, solve and estimate problems, and reason in abstract terms with substantial negative impacts on activities of daily living. In the present study we investigated perfusion detection rate and pattern, as well as the association between perfusion rates and cognitive dysfunction in cognitively impaired RRMS patients.We present findings from 17 cognitively impaired RRMS patients who were evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and additionally evaluated by brain perfusion radiopharmaceutical technetium-99m hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (RRMS patients had hypoperfusion in several predefined Brodmann areas and lobes of the brain, relatively to demographically matched healthy controls according to an established normative database NeuroGam™. However, we noted blood flow reduction, mainly in the frontal lobes and other related prefrontal areas, involving both hemispheres, but with asymmetric left hemisphere predominance. Moreover, associations between measures of response inhibition, set shifting (executive functions) and severity of hypoperfusion in the left frontal lobes were also established.Cerebral hypoperfusion is an integral feature of MS pathology. Executive dysfunction is associated with robust cerebral perfusion deficits in the frontal and prefrontal cortex of cognitively impaired RRMS patients.

Serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels are influenced by the integrity of renal function, the severity and etiology of anemia, the percentage of hemoglobin F and other factors. We aimed to create a parametric expression for the response to anemic/hypoxic stress and we evaluated serum Epo levels in 1096 subjects with normal renal function, of whom 837 were anemic (Hb 16.5 g/dl). Hb ranged between 3.6 and 23.8 g/dl and the corresponding Epo between

La reconsideración de la educación arquitectónica a la luz de una nueva realidad que surge de los rápidos cambios que se producen en nuestros entornos sociales, culturales y físicos es ahora imperativa. Para conocer las incompatibilidades de las estructuras educativas existentes con la dinámica actual del cambio, se examinan tres aspectos principales de nuestra educación arquitectónica contemporánea: el sistema de estudios, los contenidos de los estudios y la pedagogía del diseño arquitectónico implementado por las Escuelas de Arquitectura.En cuanto al sistema de estudios, entre otras cuestiones, especulamos sobre la agilidad limitada del sistema para albergar innovaciones, sus concepciones dominantes sobre el perfil del profesor, su forma poco clara de definir el perfil del graduado y la oscura relación entre la academia arquitectónica y la práctica profesional. En cuanto al contenido de los estudios, entre otras cuestiones, especulamos sobre el empobrecimiento de las humanidades en los estudios arquitectónicos que provocó un tecnicismo pasivo que, fascinado por las herramientas digitales, esteriliza la arquitectura de sus valores y significados culturales y humanos.Otras observaciones se refieren a la pedagogía actual y sus reservas sobre el temor a la confusión y la asunción de riesgos, a la rigidez metodológica de la educación basada en lo que está mal y no en lo especulativo, en la actitud hacia ) Simplifican la complejidad, la inclinación pasiva y la docilidad hacia las certezas, la resistencia al cambio, la revisión o la renovación de las prácticas docentes.El trabajo concluye presentando las líneas básicas de las prioridades que la educación arquitectónica tiene que considerar para poder seguir críticamente el nuevo paradigma surgido y impuesto por los nuevos entendimientos filosóficos de nuestro mundo y la consideración de la nueva normalidad que se atribuye a Como una nueva declaración ética que afecta profundamente la contemplación arquitectónica y la práctica. La reconsideració de l'educació arquitectònica a la llum d'una nova realitat que sorgeix dels ràpids canvis que es produeixen en els nostres entorns socials, culturals i físics és ara imperativa. Per conèixer les incompatibilitats de les estructures educatives existents amb la dinàmica actual del canvi, s'examinen tres aspectes principals de la nostra educació arquitectònica contemporània: el sistema d'estudis, els continguts dels estudis i la pedagogia del disseny arquitectònic implementat per les Escoles d'Arquitectura.Pel que fa al sistema d'estudis, entre altres qüestions, especulem sobre l'agilitat limitació sistema per albergar innovacions, les seves concepcions dominants sobre el perfil del professor, la seva forma poc clara de definir el perfil del graduat i la fosca relació entre l'acadèmia arquitectònica i la pràctica professional. Pel que fa al contingut dels estudis, entre altres qüestions, especulem sobre l'empobriment de les humanitats en els estudis arquitectònics que va provocar un tecnicisme passiu que, fascinat per les eines digitals, esterilitza l'arquitectura dels seus valors i significats culturals i humans.Altres observacions es refereixen a la pedagogia actual i les seves reserves sobre la por a la confusió i l'assumpció de riscos, a la rigidesa metodològica de l'educació basada en el que està malament i no en el especulatiu, en l'actitud cap) Simplifiquen la complexitat , la inclinació passiva i la docilitat cap a les certeses, la resistència al canvi, la revisió o la renovació de les pràctiques docents.El treball conclou presentant les línies bàsiques de les prioritats que l'educació arquitectònica ha de considerar per poder seguir el nou paradigma sorgit i imposat pels nous enteniments filosòfics del nostre món i la consideració de la nova normalitat que s'atribueix a Com una nova declaració ètica que afecta profundament la contemplació arquitectònica i la pràctica. The reconsideration of architectural education in light of a new reality emerging from the fast changes occurring in our social, cultural and physical environments is now imperative. In order to divulge the incompatibilities of the existing educational structures with the current dynamics of change, three main aspect of our contemporary architectural education are examined: the system of studies, the contents of studies and the architectural design pedagogy implemented by Schools of Architecture.Concerning the system of studies, amongst other issues we speculate on the limited agility of the system to host innovations, its dominant conceptions about the teacher’s profile, its unclear way to define the profile of the graduate and the obscure relationship between architectural academia and professional practice. As to the content of studies amongst other issues we speculate on the impoverishment of humanities in architectural studies that caused a passive technicality which, fascinated by the digital tools, sterilizes architecture from its cultural and human values and meanings.Further observations concern current pedagogy and its reservations on the fear for mistake-making and risk-taking, on the methodological rigidity of design education founded on what is wrong and on not what could be done on a speculative basis, on the attitude to (over)simplify complexity, on the passive inclination and docility towards certainties, on the resistance to change, revisit or renew teaching practices.The paper concludes by presenting the basic lines of the priorities architectural education has to consider in order to be able to critically follow the new paradigm emerging from and imposed by the new philosophical understandings of our world and the consideration of the new normal that is ascribed to them as a new ethical statement that profoundly affects architectural contemplation and practice.

El material bàsic de l’arquitectura són les idees; idees sobre el món real i la posició de l’ésser humàen ell. Els canvis d’aquestes idees a mesura que avança el temps afecten la manera de com percebem,concebem i creem arquitectura. Les idees s’estructuren en els valors que guien la formulació de principis,a través dels quals es creen formes arquitectòniques. Per tal d’entendre l’arquitectura d’un cert períodede temps, cal entendre el sistema de valors que governa aquest període de temps específic i com afectales maneres en què la vida és representada en l’espai a través de l’arquitectura. En una invitació perdefinir la característica més significant del nostre temps que afecta la generació de noves idees i valors,la resposta podria trobar-se en tres nocions; les més importants: velocitat, complexitat i predictibilitat., Ideas are the primary material of architecture; ideas about the real world and the position of human beings in it. Changes in these ideas over time affect the way that architecture is perceived, conceived and created. These ideas are based on values that guide the way in which the principles for the creation of architectural forms are formulated. In order to understand the architecture of a certain period of time, it is necessary to understand the value system that governs the respective period and affects the ways in which life is represented in space by means of architecture. In an attempt to define the most significant feature affecting the generation of new ideas and values in our times, three central notions are identified: speed, complexity and predictability., El material básico de la arquitectura son las ideas; ideas sobre el mundo real y la posición delser humano en él. Los cambios de estas ideas a medida que avanza el tiempo afectan la manerade cómo percibimos, concebimos y creamos arquitectura. Las ideas se estructuran en los valoresque guían la formulación de principios, a través de los cuales se crean formas arquitectónicas.Para entender la arquitectura de un cierto período de tiempo, es necesario entender el sistemade valores que gobierna este período de tiempo específico y cómo afecta a las formas en que lavida es representada en el espacio a través de la arquitectura. En una invitación para definir lacaracterística más significante de nuestro tiempo que afecta a la generación de nuevas ideasy valores, la respuesta podría encontrarse en tres nociones; las más importantes: velocidadcomplejidad y predictibilidad.

Background. We wanted to determine factors affecting survival rates of benefits to, and complications in patients with esophageal cancer treated with photodynamic therapy. Methods. From 1982 to January 1994, we used photodynamic therapy to treat 77 patients with esophageal carcinoma and evaluated survival to July 1994. All patients had failed, refused, or were ineligible for surgical intervention, ionizing radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Results. The only significant variable affecting survival was clinical stage. Median survival after photodynamic therapy was as follows: all patients, 6.3 months (mean survival, 9.2 months); stage I, not reached; stage II, 12 months; stage III, 6.2 months; and stage IV, 3.5 months. For stages III and IV, a Karnofsky performance status of 70 or higher had a significant effect. For stage III, the median survival was 6.3 months when the Karnofsky performance status was equal to or greater than 70 and 3.5 months when it was less than 70. For stage IV, the median survival was 5.5 months when the Karnofsky performance status was equal to or greater than 70 and 2.5 months when it was lower than 70. Seven stage I patients with no treatment prior to photodynamic therapy had an estimated 5-year survival rate of 62%. Three patients with stage I invasive adenocarcinoma and Barrett's mucosa diagnosed when they underwent endoscopy for dysphagia were alive with no evidence of disease 17, 44, and 59 months after photodynamic therapy. Conclusions. Photodynamic therapy for esophageal carcinoma caused minimal complications and no procedure-related deaths. Photodynamic therapy can be considered an alternative treatment for patients with Barrett's esophagus with severe dysplasia or patients with stage I carcinoma who are under consideration for operation but are high surgical risks. The length of palliation for patients having "noncurative" treatment was equal to or better than that reported historically for most other treatment regimens.

Background. The assessment of treatment efficacy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited by the lack of a clear association between clinical response and survival. The prognostic usefulness of treatment-induced tumor-marker declines in NSCLC has not been established. The authors investigated the prognostic significance of treatment-induced declination in tumor marker levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, and CA 125 in a group of patients with NSCLC treated with a brief course of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods. Eighty-three patients with NSCLC enrolled on 2 related treatment protocols had pretreatment tumor-marker determinations. Patients were restaged 10 to 12 weeks after study entry, and clinical and marker responses were determined. Results. Thirty-eight patients (46%) had elevated pretreatment tumor markers, 36 (42%) of whom were evaluable for both clinical and marker responses. Pretreatment, the latter 36 individuals had measurable or evaluable disease, and at least one elevated tumor marker (greater than twice normal) ; posttreatment, they had follow-up measurements of both parameters. Of the 36 patients, 8 had normalization of tumor marker levels, 13 had 50-99% marker level declination, and 15 had less than 50% or no declination. In the same group of 36 patients, there were, 1 patient with complete clinical response, 11 with partial response, 19 with stable disease, and 5 with progressive disease. Marker responses occurred with equal frequency in clinical responders and nonresponders. There was no association between clinical response and survival, but there was a strong association between marker response and survival. Conclusions. In patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer with elevated pretreatment tumor marker levels, treatment-induced marker level declination can be a surrogate indicator for survival. Cancer 1995 ; 75 :1586-93.

Summary Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a novel multiday schedule of vinorelbine and cisplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients and methods Thirty patients were enrolled, including 27 patients with stage IV disease, and 11 patients with performance status of 2. They received a maximum of four chemotherapy cycles with cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day and vinorelbine 15 mg/m2/day intravenously (i.v.) for four consecutive days, every three weeks, with prophylactic filgrastim. Results Sixteen patients responded (53%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 34%–72%), including two complete and fourteen partial confirmed responses. Median survival for all patients was 8.1 months, with actuarial one-year and two-year survival rates of 40% and 15%. Despite prophylactic filgrastim, the delivered vinorelbine dose intensity of 16.8 mg/m2/week caused febrile neutropenia in 48% of patients (16% of cycles), resulting in one treatment-related death. Common nonhematologic toxicities included delayed emesis, asthenia, and constipation. Conclusions This multiday vinorelbine-cisplatin schedule is highly active against advanced NSCLC but results in frequent neutropenic complications. The myelotoxicity and antitumor efficacy of vinorelbine in NSCLC patients may be schedule-dependent.

Background This phase II study (S9718) evaluated the antineoplastic activity and tolerability of the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in previously untreated patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Methods Chemonaive patients with ES-SCLC, received gemcitabine 1250 mg/m 2 intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 IV over 30 to 60 minutes on day 1. Treatments were repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. Results A total of 88 patients were enrolled in the study; seven patients were not eligible and one did not receive treatment; 80 patients were fully assessable for survival, response, and toxicity. Objective response was observed in 42 patients (53%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 41%–64%) with two patients (3%; 95% CI: 0%–8%) achieving a complete response. Median PFS was 5 months (CI, 4.2-5.9 months), and median overall survival was 8.8 months (95% CI: 7.8–9.5 months). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 27.5% (95% CI: 17.7%–37.3%) and 4% (95% CI: 0%–8%), respectively. The most common toxicity was neutropenia. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was noted in 17 (21%) and 17 (21%) patients, respectively. Two patients developed febrile neutropenia, with subsequent full recovery. Twenty-one patients (23%) developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was seen in only one patient. The most common nonhematologic toxicities included grade 3 and 4 vomiting in 12 (21%) patients and fatigue in nine (10%) patients. Two patients (3%) died of respiratory infections while on treatment. Conclusion The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is an active and reasonably well tolerated regimen for the treatment of ES-SCLC. It does not appear to offer any compelling advantages over other commonly used two drug regimens in this disease.

ContextMore persons in the United States die from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than from breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer combined. In preclinical testing, oral gefitinib inhibited the growth of NSCLC tumors that express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a mediator of cell signaling, and phase 1 trials have demonstrated that a fraction of patients with NSCLC progressing after chemotherapy experience both a decrease in lung cancer symptoms and radiographic tumor shrinkages with gefitinib.ObjectiveTo assess differences in symptomatic and radiographic response among patients with NSCLC receiving 250-mg and 500-mg daily doses of gefitinib.Design, Setting, and PatientsDouble-blind, randomized phase 2 trial conducted from November 2000 to April 2001 in 30 US academic and community oncology centers. Patients (N = 221) had either stage IIIB or IV NSCLC for which they had received at least 2 chemotherapy regimens.InterventionDaily oral gefitinib, either 500 mg (administered as two 250-mg gefitinib tablets) or 250 mg (administered as one 250-mg gefitinib tablet and 1 matching placebo).Main Outcome MeasuresImprovement of NSCLC symptoms (2-point or greater increase in score on the summed lung cancer subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung [FACT-L] instrument) and tumor regression (>50% decrease in lesion size on imaging studies).ResultsOf 221 patients enrolled, 216 received gefitinib as randomized. Symptoms of NSCLC improved in 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33%-53%) of patients receiving 250 mg of gefitinib and in 35% (95% CI, 26%-45%) of patients receiving 500 mg. These benefits were observed within 3 weeks in 75% of patients. Partial radiographic responses occurred in 12% (95% CI, 6%-20%) of individuals receiving 250 mg of gefitinib and in 9% (95% CI, 4%-16%) of those receiving 500 mg. Symptoms improved in 96% of patients with partial radiographic responses. The overall survival at 1 year was 25%. There were no significant differences between the 250-mg and 500-mg doses in rates of symptom improvement (P = .26), radiographic tumor regression (P = .51), and projected 1-year survival (P = .54). The 500-mg dose was associated more frequently with transient acne-like rash (P = .04) and diarrhea (P = .006).ConclusionsGefitinib, a well-tolerated oral EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved disease-related symptoms and induced radiographic tumor regressions in patients with NSCLC persisting after chemotherapy.

This retrospective case-series review studied the effectiveness of epoetin alfa in community oncology practices, which until now has not been well documented.We reviewed the medical records of 118 cancer patients treated between 1999 and 2001 with cyclic chemotherapy plus epoetin alfa in 27 US community-based oncology practices. Two analysis sets were examined: one including all patients (n=118) and one including only those patients with no concurrent events impacting hemoglobin data interpretation (n=73). Efficacy of epoetin alfa was evaluated by hemoglobin response (aS2 g/dl increase in hemoglobin from baseline) at weeks 12 and 16, the time to hemoglobin response, and change in hemoglobin concentrations from baseline at specific time points.After 12 weeks of treatment, 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33-54%) of patients had a hemoglobin response, and the proportion of responders further rose to 61% (95% CI, 49-72%) after 16 weeks. The median time to response was 92 days (lower 95% confidence limit, 74 days; upper bound not estimable). Hemoglobin increased from baseline at all time points evaluated during epoetin alfa treatment, with a mean increase of 1.1 g/dl (95% CI, 0.77-1.4 g/dl) by the last observation.These results indicate that epoetin alfa is effective in community practice, but most patients take longer than 3 months to respond. Because slow responses may negatively impact on the quality of life in these patients, alternative treatment approaches providing faster and perhaps better responses may provide greater clinical benefit.

sColumbus Community Clinical Oncology Program, Columbus. Ohio, USA Summary Background Docetaxel and gemcitabine are active against breast cancer. The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly docetaxel combined with weekly gemcitabine in patients with chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic breast cancer Patients and methods Thirty-nine patients were enrolled, of whom thirty had received prior chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting, seven for metastatic disease, and two for both, including prior anthracycline in 33 patients. Treatment was gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 and docetaxel 100 mg/m2 on day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks Results Response rate was 79% (95% confidence interval (CI)- 63%—91%), with 2 complete and 29 partial responses Twenty-five of the responders remained progression-free for more than six months Median survival was 24.5 months. Delivered dose intensity of gemcitabine was lower than expected (63% of planned). The predominant hematologic toxlcity was grade 4 neutropenia in 36 patients, complicated by fever in three patients With the exception of asthenia, severe non-hematological toxicities were infrequent Conclusions Monthly docetaxel, combined with weekly gemcitabine, has significant but manageable hematologic toxlcity Despite frequent dose adjustments, this doublet is very active in metastatic breast cancer, producing a high proportion of durable responses associated with favorable survival

Summary Background Docetaxel and gemcitabine are active against chemotherapy-pretreated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly docetaxel combined with weekly gemcitabine in NSCLC patients failing one prior regimen Patients and methods Forty patients were enrolled Prior chemotherapy was a platinum-based combination in 36 patients, using vinorelbine in 26 patients and etoposide in 10 patients The other four patients had prior single agents Tumors were refractory or resistant to front-line therapy in 80% of patients Treatment was gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 days I, 8, 15 and docetaxel 100 mg/m2 day 1, with cycles repeated every four weeks Results Thirteen patients responded (32 5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 19%—49%), including one complete and 12 partial responses. Responses were observed at all metastatic sites, with similar response frequencies in platinum-sens itive and platinum-resistant/refractory tumors The median time to progression for responders was nine months, with two responses lasting longer than a year Median survival was 8.1 months Hematologic toxicities included grade 4 neutropenia in 23 patients, with 4 episodes of febrile neutropenia, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia in 9 patients, and anemia requiring red cell transfusions in 9 patients. With the exception of asthenia, severe non-hematologic toxicities were infrequent Conclusions Monthly docetaxel, combined with weekly gemcitabine, is an active and safe second-line therapy for NSCLC patients

Background: Lymphoid malignancies can affect bone by direct invasion, bone marrow expansion and possibly by humoral factors causing demineralization. In addition to many individual case reports of patients with lytic lesions or hypercalcemia, two series of 9 and 8 patients, respectively, have been published. {Rossi, 1987; Marcelli, 1988} A prospective series of 65 patients with B-cell malignancies identified 8 with lytic lesions or hypercalcemia, and 40 with increased bone resorption by quantitative bone histology. {Rossi, 1990} The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of bone abnormalities in patients with newly diagnosed or previously treated lymphocytic malignancies. Methods: Patients from a single hematology-oncology practice were identified by ICD-9 billing codes and manual chart review. After giving informed consent, patients completed a questionnaire assessing bone symptoms and osteoporosis risk factors of prior fractures, family history for osteoporosis, late menarche, chronic renal disease, alcohol consumption, tobacco use and weight loss. Medical histories, medications, prior bone imaging and bone marrow pathology were obtained by chart review. Imaging studies were performed -- nuclear bone scan, Xrays of skull, spine, pelvis, humeri and femurs, CT scan of pelvis and bone mineral densitometry. Results: Of 61 patients giving informed consent, 50 completed all parts of the study. Reasons for withdrawal included scheduling conflicts and intercurrent illness. There were 32 males and 18 females, with median age 66 (range 28 to 94). All but 1 were white. Performance status was 0 in 35, 1 in 13 and 2 in 2. Diagnoses were non-Hodgkins lymphoma in 23, chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 16, Hodgkins’ disease in 4, hairy cell leukemia in 3, mantle cell lymphoma in 2 and Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia in 2. None had hypercalcemia, but 8 had clinically significant bone destruction due to direct tumor extension, 1 had additional asymptomatic “metastases” on bone scan, distant from the biopsy-proven bone lesion, 2 had clinically “silent” lytic bone lesions on Xray and 4 had previously undiagnosed vertebral or rib fractures, associated with diminished bone mineral density (BMD). T-scores were low in 30, with 7 having osteoporosis and 23 having osteopenia. Patients with all diagnoses were affected, unrelated to time since diagnosis or treatment. Conclusion: Patients with lymphoid malignancies are frequently at risk for bone abnormalities, especially demineralization. Decreased BMD is seen in most patients, regardless of age, osteoporotic risk factors, age or time since diagnosis or treatment. Patients with current or prior lymphoid malignancies should be offered bone densitometry, with appropriate therapy to reverse bone damage. Mechanisms might include osteoclast activation, possibly mediated by IL-6 or RANK-L. Prospective studies should be conducted to elucidate mechanisms and to find treatments to improve bone mineral density. Incidence of T-score results, according to osteoporosis risk factors and age # of Risk Factors Age 0–1 2–3 4–5 70 Normal 10 9 1 6 5 9 Osteopenia 5 15 3 5 12 6 Osteoporosis 1 4 2 2 3 2

Resistance to etoposide (VP-16), amsacrine (mAMSA), and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) was studied in two Chinese hamster cell lines primarily selected for resistance to the epipodophyllotoxin. Both lines demonstrated profound resistance to VP-16, and mAMSA stimulated DNA breakage. However, the resistance to mAMSA cytotoxicity in both lines was less than expected from the level of resistance to the effects of topoisomerase II inhibition. Similarly, resistance to the cytotoxicity of high VP-16 concentrations in one of the lines was less than expected from the resistance to inhibition of topoisomerase II. An analysis of the relation of DNA breaks to drug cytotoxicity suggests that cross-resistance to mAMSA was mainly conferred through loss of mAMSA-stimulated, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks. This mechanism also contributed towards reduced VP-16 cytotoxicity. However, our studies suggest that additional mechanisms, independent of resistance to VP-16-mediated topoisomerase II effects, greatly increased the resistance to this agent. Resistance to VP-16 cytotoxicity, not dependent on resistance to drug-mediated DNA cleavage, could be overcome at high drug concentrations in one of the resistant lines and might be responsible for the greater relative resistance to VP-16 than to mAMSA. These findings suggest the presence of two distinct mechanisms of resistance to VP-16 cytotoxicity, one presumably mediated by topoisomerase II and dependent on resistance to drug-mediated DNA scission, and a second mechanism independent of the effects of the drug on topoisomerase II.

A rapid method has been developed which combines immunofluorescence and autoradiography and permits the double labeling of DNA. P388 murine leukemic cells were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine simultaneously. After fixation, the sample was first processed with a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (RPMB I) so that any cell in S-phase was brightly fluorescent (RPMB technique). Next, tritiated thymidine grains were developed by autoradiography, and the result demonstrated fluorescence as well as black grains in each S-phase cell. P388 cells sensitive (P388S) and resistant (P388R) to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]ara-C simultaneously. Processing by autoradiography and RPMB techniques revealed that all S-phase cells in the P388S sample demonstrated vivid "double labeling," whereas P388R cells only revealed bright green fluorescence in S-phase cells, but no grains, confirming a lack of ara-C incorporation into the DNA by this line. Finally, a computerized digital analysis system attached to a microphotometer was used to quantitate fluorescence and grains per cell, and the data demonstrated that the number of [3H]ara-C grains in each P388S cell was inversely proportional to the degree of fluorescence in that cell, indicating that DNA synthesis was inhibited by ara-C. In conclusion, a simple, easy-to-use double-labeling method has been introduced which will be useful to a wide variety of researchers, because this technique together with the digital analysis system offers the possibility of measuring drug sensitivities in individual cells.

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στην ανάλυση του ρόλου της έννοιας της ατμόσφαιρας στον αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου. Πώς είναι δυνατόν η ατμόσφαιρα να επηρεάσει τον σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου; Πώς είναι δυνατόν να σχεδιάσουμε ένα χώρο βασιζόμενοι στη δημιουργία ατμόσφαιρας; Μέσω της ανάλυσης σύγχρονων σχεδιαστικών διαδικασιών αναζητούνται μεθοδολογίες σχεδιασμού των αναδυόμενων ατμοσφαιρών του δημόσιου χώρου που συνεχώς αλλάζει, εξελίσσεται, ανταποκρινόμενος σε νέες κάθε φορά ανάγκες. Ως ατμόσφαιρα εννοούμε τους συναισθηματικούς δεσμούς (affect) που αναπτύσσονται ανάμεσα στον άνθρωπο και το χωρικό του πλαίσιο (context). Πρόκειται για τη συναισθηματική εμπειρία του υποκειμένου από την in situ αντιπαράθεσή του με την υλικότητα του χώρου. Διερευνάται η σχέση ανάμεσα στην ατμόσφαιρα ως γενική αίσθηση του τόπου (εν ενεργεία υπαρκτή) και στις διάφορες ατμόσφαιρες που αναδύονται ανάλογα με την ατομική αντίληψη και ευαισθησία των χρηστών (δυνητική). Εάν η ατμόσφαιρα εκφράζει μία συνολική και αδιόρατη αίσθηση, ένα διάχυτο συναίσθημα που νιώθουμε σε πίσω-πλάνο τότε, για να αντιληφθούμε την ποιότητά της θα πρέπει να εμφανιστεί ένα τυχαίο συμβάν που θα αφυπνίσει την αντίληψή μας. Το συμβάν ενεργοποιεί το πώς αισθάνεται ο άνθρωπος στο περιβάλλον του. Συνεπώς, παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στον αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό, διότι εισάγει τη συναισθηματική διάσταση των ατμοσφαιρών και τον συνδέει με την εμπειρία του χώρου. Αναδύεται από το «πίσω-πλάνο» και επιτρέπει την παραγωγή και την αντίληψη των ατμοσφαιρών. Η γενική υπόθεση έρευνας μελετήθηκε με βάση την ανάλυση 25 σύγχρονων έργων σε δημόσιους χώρους, κυρίως στη Γαλλία και στην Ελλάδα. Το ερευνητικό πεδίο αποτελείται από συνεντεύξεις με τους δημιουργούς των έργων σχετικά με το θέμα του σχεδιασμού, της δημιουργίας και της εμπειρίας των ατμοσφαιρών. Οι συνεντεύξεις απομαγνητοφωνούνται και καταγράφονται σε γραπτά κείμενα τα οποία εμπλουτίζονται με σχέδια, φωτορεαλιστικές εικόνες, φωτογραφίες, επιστημονικά άρθρα, τεχνικές περιγραφές κ.λπ., που προτείνουν οι ίδιοι οι δημιουργοί για να περιγράψουν τις ατμόσφαιρες στο έργο τους. Το σύνολο του πεδίου έρευνας αναλύεται με ένα λογισμικό ποιοτικής ανάλυσης δεδομένων (NVivo). Αποδεικνύεται ότι η δημιουργία ατμόσφαιρας στον σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου βασίζεται στη διαχείριση της διαλεκτικής σχέσης ανάμεσα στο πίσω-πλάνο και τις συνθήκες ενεργοποίησης μικροσυμβάντων. Αυτή η διαλεκτική σχέση επιτρέπει τον αυτοσχεδιασμό των χρηστών και κυμαίνεται μεταξύ τριών διαφορετικών καταστάσεων: τη σύγκρουση, τη διαπραγμάτευση και τη συμπάθεια. Τέλος, αναδύονται συλλογικές στάσεις διαχείρισης των παραπάνω σχέσεων, οι οποίες περιγράφονται από αφηρημένα ουσιαστικά που φανερώνουν ενέργειες όπως: αποκάλυψη, αναδιαμόρφωση, συγχώνευση. Μέσα από αυτές τις ενέργειες αποκαλύπτονται οι αρχιτεκτονικές προθέσεις που θα ενεργοποιήσουν τις συναισθηματικές διαστάσεις του έργου όπως: εγκλιματισμός, οικειοποίηση, αποσταθεροποίηση των χρηστών του χώρου., The present research is about the role of the ambiance in architectural design of public spaces. How can the ambiance affect the design of the public space? Is it possible to design a space by creating an ambiance? The analysis of contemporary design processes enables the research of design methods of the ambiances of the public space, which is constantly changing, evolving in response to the human needs. The term ambiance refers to the affective bonds between the man and his context and more specifically, to the emotional experience of his confrontation with the materiality of space. The research explores the relation between the ambiance as an overall sense of place (actual) and the emerging ambiances by the individual perception and sensibility of users (virtual). If the ambiance is an overall and diffused feeling at the back-plan of the body, then it needs a random event in order to awake the perception of its quality. The event activates the way people feel in their environment. It interests the architectural design because it introduces the affective dimensions of the ambiances and combines the design and the experience of space. The events emerge from a “back-plan” and allow the production and the perception of ambiances. The general research hypothesis is explored through the analysis of 25 contemporary projects of public spaces, mostly in France and in Greece. The corpus consists of interviews with the creators of the projects, about the design, the creation and the experience of ambiances. The Interviews are recorded and transcribed in texts which are completed by drawings, photorealistic images, photographs, scientific articles, technical descriptions, etc., as proposed by the creators in order to describe the ambiances in their work. The analysis contains of other complementary elements as graphics, technical documents etc. The whole corpus is analyzed by a quality analysis data program (NVivo). It is proved that the creation of ambiances in the design of public spaces is based on the dialectical relation between the back-plan and the conditions that activate micro events. This dialectical relation allows the improvisations of users and oscillates between three different situations: conflict, negotiation and sympathy. Finally, different common designing postures emerge and are described by nouns as: revelation, reconfigurations, fusion. These actions reveal the architectural intentions that will activate the affective dimensions of the project as: acclimatization, appropriation, destabilization of the future users of the space., Ce travail de thèse aborde la question des ambiances dans le cadre de la conception architecturale et urbaines des espaces publics. Comment une ambiance affecte-t-elle la conception des espaces ? Ou, est-il possible de créer une ambiance pour les espaces publics ? Les ambiances émergentes des espaces publics sont étudiées dans ce travail lorsqu’elles sont conçues par les architectes mais aussi lorsqu’elles se fabriquent in situ par l’action-perception des futurs usagers. La terme d’ambiance fait ici référence aux liens affectifs que l’homme tisse avec son contexte environnemental et plus spécifiquement, à l’expérience émotionnelle qui nait de sa confrontation à la matérialité de l’espace. Le travail de recherche explore la relation entre l’ambiance comme le sens commun du lieu (actuelle) et l’émergence d’ambiances crées dans l’acte de perception et dans la sensibilité des futurs usagers (virtuelles). Si l’ambiance est le sentiment global et diffus de l’arrière-plan du corps, alors il a besoin d’un événement imprévu pour faire émerger la conscience de sa qualité. L’événement active les sentiments personnels environnants et intéresse dès lors la conception architecturale car il introduit les dimensions affectives des ambiances en les connectant à l’expérience de l’espace. Il émerge de l’arrière-plan et autorise ainsi la production et la perception de l’ambiance. Cette hypothèse de recherche générale a ainsi testée sur 25 projets contemporains d’espaces public situés principalement en France et en Grèce. Le corpus est constitué d’entretiens semi-directifs avec les concepteurs sur la question des liens entre le projet et la création et l’expérience de l’ambiance. Ces entretiens ont été transcris puis complétés et illustrés en utilisant les supports graphiques sur lesquels les concepteurs se sont exprimés (plans, coupes, détails, images de rendu, photographies, etc..). Une analyse qualitative du discours et de récurrence du sens a été mise en œuvre sur ce corpus riche et hétérogène (NVivo). Le travail montre que la création de l’ambiance des espaces publics, quelque soit le projet étudié, nait de la relation dialectique entre l’arrière-plan et les conditions d’apparition de micro-évènements qui autorisent une improvisation des futurs usagers. Cette dialectique oscille entre trois état identifiés qui sont le conflit, la négociation et la sympathie. Cette analyse permet aussi de dégager des postures génériques de création d’une ambiance que sont la révélation, la reconfiguration et la fusion. Ces postures expriment les intentions architecturales qui activeront les dimensions affectives de la production des ambiances que sont l’acclimatation, l‘appropriation ou la déstabilisation des futurs usagers de l’espace public

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στην ανάλυση του ρόλου της έννοιας της ατμόσφαιρας στον αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου. Πώς είναι δυνατόν η ατμόσφαιρα να επηρεάσει τον σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου; Πώς είναι δυνατόν να σχεδιάσουμε ένα χώρο βασιζόμενοι στη δημιουργία ατμόσφαιρας; Μέσω της ανάλυσης σύγχρονων σχεδιαστικών διαδικασιών αναζητούνται μεθοδολογίες σχεδιασμού των αναδυόμενων ατμοσφαιρών του δημόσιου χώρου που συνεχώς αλλάζει, εξελίσσεται, ανταποκρινόμενος σε νέες κάθε φορά ανάγκες. Ως ατμόσφαιρα εννοούμε τους συναισθηματικούς δεσμούς (affect) που αναπτύσσονται ανάμεσα στον άνθρωπο και το χωρικό του πλαίσιο (context). Πρόκειται για τη συναισθηματική εμπειρία του υποκειμένου από την in situ αντιπαράθεσή του με την υλικότητα του χώρου. Διερευνάται η σχέση ανάμεσα στην ατμόσφαιρα ως γενική αίσθηση του τόπου (εν ενεργεία υπαρκτή) και στις διάφορες ατμόσφαιρες που αναδύονται ανάλογα με την ατομική αντίληψη και ευαισθησία των χρηστών (δυνητική). Εάν η ατμόσφαιρα εκφράζει μία συνολική και αδιόρατη αίσθηση, ένα διάχυτο συναίσθημα που νιώθουμε σε πίσω-πλάνο τότε, για να αντιληφθούμε την ποιότητά της θα πρέπει να εμφανιστεί ένα τυχαίο συμβάν που θα αφυπνίσει την αντίληψή μας. Το συμβάν ενεργοποιεί το πώς αισθάνεται ο άνθρωπος στο περιβάλλον του. Συνεπώς, παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στον αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό, διότι εισάγει τη συναισθηματική διάσταση των ατμοσφαιρών και τον συνδέει με την εμπειρία του χώρου. Αναδύεται από το «πίσω-πλάνο» και επιτρέπει την παραγωγή και την αντίληψη των ατμοσφαιρών. Η γενική υπόθεση έρευνας μελετήθηκε με βάση την ανάλυση 25 σύγχρονων έργων σε δημόσιους χώρους, κυρίως στη Γαλλία και στην Ελλάδα. Το ερευνητικό πεδίο αποτελείται από συνεντεύξεις με τους δημιουργούς των έργων σχετικά με το θέμα του σχεδιασμού, της δημιουργίας και της εμπειρίας των ατμοσφαιρών. Οι συνεντεύξεις απομαγνητοφωνούνται και καταγράφονται σε γραπτά κείμενα τα οποία εμπλουτίζονται με σχέδια, φωτορεαλιστικές εικόνες, φωτογραφίες, επιστημονικά άρθρα, τεχνικές περιγραφές κ.λπ., που προτείνουν οι ίδιοι οι δημιουργοί για να περιγράψουν τις ατμόσφαιρες στο έργο τους. Το σύνολο του πεδίου έρευνας αναλύεται με ένα λογισμικό ποιοτικής ανάλυσης δεδομένων (NVivo). Αποδεικνύεται ότι η δημιουργία ατμόσφαιρας στον σχεδιασμό του δημόσιου χώρου βασίζεται στη διαχείριση της διαλεκτικής σχέσης ανάμεσα στο πίσω-πλάνο και τις συνθήκες ενεργοποίησης μικροσυμβάντων. Αυτή η διαλεκτική σχέση επιτρέπει τον αυτοσχεδιασμό των χρηστών και κυμαίνεται μεταξύ τριών διαφορετικών καταστάσεων: τη σύγκρουση, τη διαπραγμάτευση και τη συμπάθεια. Τέλος, αναδύονται συλλογικές στάσεις διαχείρισης των παραπάνω σχέσεων, οι οποίες περιγράφονται από αφηρημένα ουσιαστικά που φανερώνουν ενέργειες όπως: αποκάλυψη, αναδιαμόρφωση, συγχώνευση. Μέσα από αυτές τις ενέργειες αποκαλύπτονται οι αρχιτεκτονικές προθέσεις που θα ενεργοποιήσουν τις συναισθηματικές διαστάσεις του έργου όπως: εγκλιματισμός, οικειοποίηση, αποσταθεροποίηση των χρηστών του χώρου., The present research is about the role of the ambiance in architectural design of public spaces. How can the ambiance affect the design of the public space? Is it possible to design a space by creating an ambiance? The analysis of contemporary design processes enables the research of design methods of the ambiances of the public space, which is constantly changing, evolving in response to the human needs. The term ambiance refers to the affective bonds between the man and his context and more specifically, to the emotional experience of his confrontation with the materiality of space. The research explores the relation between the ambiance as an overall sense of place (actual) and the emerging ambiances by the individual perception and sensibility of users (virtual). If the ambiance is an overall and diffused feeling at the back-plan of the body, then it needs a random event in order to awake the perception of its quality. The event activates the way people feel in their environment. It interests the architectural design because it introduces the affective dimensions of the ambiances and combines the design and the experience of space. The events emerge from a “back-plan” and allow the production and the perception of ambiances. The general research hypothesis is explored through the analysis of 25 contemporary projects of public spaces, mostly in France and in Greece. The corpus consists of interviews with the creators of the projects, about the design, the creation and the experience of ambiances. The Interviews are recorded and transcribed in texts which are completed by drawings, photorealistic images, photographs, scientific articles, technical descriptions, etc., as proposed by the creators in order to describe the ambiances in their work. The analysis contains of other complementary elements as graphics, technical documents etc. The whole corpus is analyzed by a quality analysis data program (NVivo). It is proved that the creation of ambiances in the design of public spaces is based on the dialectical relation between the back-plan and the conditions that activate micro events. This dialectical relation allows the improvisations of users and oscillates between three different situations: conflict, negotiation and sympathy. Finally, different common designing postures emerge and are described by nouns as: revelation, reconfigurations, fusion. These actions reveal the architectural intentions that will activate the affective dimensions of the project as: acclimatization, appropriation, destabilization of the future users of the space., Ce travail de thèse aborde la question des ambiances dans le cadre de la conception architecturale et urbaines des espaces publics. Comment une ambiance affecte-t-elle la conception des espaces ? Ou, est-il possible de créer une ambiance pour les espaces publics ? Les ambiances émergentes des espaces publics sont étudiées dans ce travail lorsqu’elles sont conçues par les architectes mais aussi lorsqu’elles se fabriquent in situ par l’action-perception des futurs usagers. La terme d’ambiance fait ici référence aux liens affectifs que l’homme tisse avec son contexte environnemental et plus spécifiquement, à l’expérience émotionnelle qui nait de sa confrontation à la matérialité de l’espace. Le travail de recherche explore la relation entre l’ambiance comme le sens commun du lieu (actuelle) et l’émergence d’ambiances crées dans l’acte de perception et dans la sensibilité des futurs usagers (virtuelles). Si l’ambiance est le sentiment global et diffus de l’arrière-plan du corps, alors il a besoin d’un événement imprévu pour faire émerger la conscience de sa qualité. L’événement active les sentiments personnels environnants et intéresse dès lors la conception architecturale car il introduit les dimensions affectives des ambiances en les connectant à l’expérience de l’espace. Il émerge de l’arrière-plan et autorise ainsi la production et la perception de l’ambiance. Cette hypothèse de recherche générale a ainsi testée sur 25 projets contemporains d’espaces public situés principalement en France et en Grèce. Le corpus est constitué d’entretiens semi-directifs avec les concepteurs sur la question des liens entre le projet et la création et l’expérience de l’ambiance. Ces entretiens ont été transcris puis complétés et illustrés en utilisant les supports graphiques sur lesquels les concepteurs se sont exprimés (plans, coupes, détails, images de rendu, photographies, etc..). Une analyse qualitative du discours et de récurrence du sens a été mise en œuvre sur ce corpus riche et hétérogène (NVivo). Le travail montre que la création de l’ambiance des espaces publics, quelque soit le projet étudié, nait de la relation dialectique entre l’arrière-plan et les conditions d’apparition de micro-évènements qui autorisent une improvisation des futurs usagers. Cette dialectique oscille entre trois état identifiés qui sont le conflit, la négociation et la sympathie. Cette analyse permet aussi de dégager des postures génériques de création d’une ambiance que sont la révélation, la reconfiguration et la fusion. Ces postures expriment les intentions architecturales qui activeront les dimensions affectives de la production des ambiances que sont l’acclimatation, l‘appropriation ou la déstabilisation des futurs usagers de l’espace public

The traditional disciplines of artistic expression are reinvented every day, transformed under the influence of technological advances that offer us greater accessibility to fields of action and reflection that were far away socially and physically until now. Architecture has traditionally been known as the art that covers the three major artistic disciplines. In the current contemporary context of creation and thanks to the influence of the new artistic languages and means of creation, the architectural project may be ephemeral, ethereal, and audiovisual, a temporary urban installation, and no longer exclusively eternal heavy, and immobile. Cross-disciplinarity of artistic genres that today represent diversified cultural production offers new opportunities for action and reflection, research, and creation. The course Folding Architecture partakes in this new phase of hybridization and crossbreeding inherent to contemporary creative trends, in which the act of creation has shifted from the individual to a practice of commons, a multidisciplinary community of creators, where collective work is a priority, focusing in the collaborative nature of artistic processes. The traditional art of Origami which has served and still serves as creative inspiration enhances its maximum expressiveness as a medium and as a catalyst for research. As a field of interference between innovations in artistic media, spatial geometries, and building materials that enable multiple and heterogeneous applications of the architecture, it offers to us a global vision and at the same time a focal point, a thread of narrative intensity and creative potential., {"references":["Pottman, H., Asperl, A., Hoffer, M., and Kilian, A. (2007) Architectural Geometry. Bentley Institute Press","Adilenidou, Y, Vyzoviti, S. eds (2008), Synathroisis. Athens, Papasotiriou publishers.","Iwamoto, L. (2009), Digital Fabrications, Architecture and Material techniques. Princeton Architectural Press","Nerdinger, et al (2002), Bruno Taut 1880-1938. Milano, Electa","Bechthold, M,.2007. Surface Structures in the Digital Age: Studies in Ferrocement. In Lloyd- Thomas , K. ed. 2007. Material Matters: Architecture and Material Practice. London: Routledge, pp:139-150.","Cassinello, F. (1961) Estructuras Plegadas. Informes de la Construcción. Madrid.","Bergdoll, B. Dickerman, L., Buchloh, B. and Doherty, B. (2009), Bauhaus 1919-1933. New York, The Museum of Modern Art","Allen, S.and McQuade, M. (2011), Landform Building: Architecture's New Terrain, Lars Muller Publishers","Schumacher, P. (2007), Engineering Elegance. In Kara, H. ed, 2008. Design Engineering, London: AKT. Available at http://www.patrikschumacher.com (accessed 28-1-2011)","Bordes Caballero, J. (2007) La infancia de las vanguardias. Madrid, Cátedra ediciones","Vyzoviti, S. (2003), Folding Architecture: Spatial, structural and organizational diagrams. Amsterdam, BIS"]}

Encabeza esta obra una historia de la medicina que nos ubica brevemente en los grandes hitos que la jalonaron que va desde la época de la prehistoria, pasando por la medicina grecorromana hasta llegar a nuestros días para destacar a las grandes figuras de la pediatría en nuestro país como fueron los doctores: Juan Pedro Garraham, Florencio Escardó y Carlos Arturo Gianantonio entre tantos otros que, quizás, como en ella se aclara: “pueden haber quedado en el tintero…” Como todo movimiento renovador, la constitución de esta Cátedra tuvo sus antecesores y, si bien el Dr. Marcos Cusminsky fue quien impulsó este novedoso enfoque pedagógico y su primer profesor titular, en este libro se recuerda a quienes lo precedieron en esta noble tarea en nuestra ciudad, como los pediatras, doctores: Fernando Schweizer, Eduardo Caselli, Julio Mazza y Noel H. Sbarra. Sin dejar de mencionar a quienes los siguieron hasta hoy. Testimonios de quienes participaron en la Cátedra desde sus inicios, como médicos o profesionales de otras disciplinas hablan de su apertura que dio cabida a un trabajo interdisciplinario en el que ninguna de ellas prevalecía sobre las demás formando, así, un auténtico equipo integrador. Enriquecen al texto las miradas múltiples de los distintos actores que pasaron por la Cátedra: médicos, residentes, practicantes, psicólogos, odontólogos, enfermeras, madres de los pequeños pacientes sin olvidar que el objetivo último era y sigue siendo el bienestar psico-físico-social del niño en atención. Libro de distribuición gratuita (en papel). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

Ewing, S ʻExperimenting with a Performative Project: The Cádiz City Plan(ning) Office’ in Constantin Spiridonidis, Maria Voyatzaki eds. , Teaching and Experimenting with Architectural Design: Advances in Technology and Changes in Pedagogy, EAAE Transactions on Architectural Education no. 35, Charis Ltd, Thessaloniki, Greece, copyright 2007 (distributed 2008). ISBN 2-930301-32-5 pp127-137