11 results on '"Stanford, Miles"'
Search Results
2. Visual loss and falls: a review.
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Dhital, A., Pey, T., and Stanford, Miles R.
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BLINDNESS , *ACCIDENTAL falls in old age , *VISION disorders in old age , *CATARACT surgery , *PSYCHOLOGY ,AGE factors in vision disorders - Abstract
Falls are an important health issue. They cause significant morbidity and mortality particularly in older people, and also have marked psychological effects on the individual. The literature focuses particularly on older adults, an age group in which both visual impairment and falls are more prevalent, as is the associated morbidity. In this review, we summarise the current literature and point to further studies which need to be undertaken. The consequences of falls are well recognised, and there has been considerable work into identifying risk factors. Changes in visual components such as visual field, acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis all have a part and the co-existence of other sensory impairments certainly increases the risk of falls. However there remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of the relationship between visual loss and falls, for example in patients with diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, there is also conflicting data as to the importance of different visual components. Various interventions, such as programmed inter-disciplinary involvement, have shown promise, however these need further confirmation of their efficacy and cost effectiveness. An added confounder may be that an intervention (eg, cataract extraction) paradoxically affects an individual's future activity level and behaviour, thereby increasing the risk of falling. With an ageing population the importance of this topic is likely to increase, as will the potential benefits of optimising our assessment and management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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3. Aspergillus fumigatus Endophthalmitis with Necrotizing Scleritis following Pars Plana Vitrectomy.
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Gruener, Anna M., Allen, Felicity, Stanford, Miles R., and Graham, Elizabeth M.
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ASPERGILLUS fumigatus , *NECROTIZING pancreatitis , *PARS plana , *VITRECTOMY , *STEROIDS , *ETIOLOGY of diseases - Abstract
We present a case of Aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis complicated by necrotizing scleritis in a 68-year-old man with diet-controlled diabetes, after retinal detachment repair. He was initially treated with systemic steroids for surgically induced necrotizing scleritis following routine pars plana vitrectomy. An additional diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made when the patient developed a hypopyon. Repeat vitreous culture isolated Aspergillus fumigatus. Symptoms improved following antifungal treatment leaving the patient with scleromalacia and an advanced postoperative cataract. Fungal scleritis and endophthalmitis are rare complications of intraocular surgery with sight-threatening consequences, and, as this case demonstrates, may even occur concomitantly. The overlapping features of both conditions can make differentiating one from the other difficult. A fungal aetiology should be considered in cases of postoperative scleritis and endophthalmitis that are protracted and refractory to standard therapy. Even in cases of early diagnosis and treatment, visual outcomes in Aspergillus endophthalmitis and scleritis are variable and often disappointing, not infrequently necessitating enucleation of a painful blind eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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4. Homonymous Sectoranopia: Asymptomatic Presentation of a Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Lesion.
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Pasu, Saruban, Ridha, Basil H., Wagh, Vijay, Jindahra, Panitha, Siddiqui, Ata, Plant, Gordon, and Stanford, Miles
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BRAIN cancer , *LATERAL geniculate body , *PATHOLOGY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BRAIN metastasis - Abstract
This is a rare presentation of brain tumour in the region of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) presenting as a homonymous horizontal sectoranopia (HHS). The case highlights that subtle field defects can be asymptomatic and only detected by formal perimetry. Although homonymous sectoranopia is a rare form of visual field defect, it should be recognised as a potential manifestation of potentially significant intracranial pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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5. Genome-Wide Association Study in an Admixed Case Series Reveals IL12A as a New Candidate in Behçet Disease.
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Kappen, Jasper H., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Hagen, P. Martin van, Stolk, Lisette, Estrada, Karol, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Stanford, Miles R., Ben-Chetrit, Eldat, Wallace, Graham R., Soylu, Merih, and Laar, Jan A.M. van
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BEHCET'S disease , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *DISEASE prevalence , *COHORT analysis , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Introduction: The etiology of Behçet’s disease (BD) is unknown, but widely considered an excessive T-cell mediated inflammatory response in a genetically susceptible host. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown limited number of novel loci-associations. The rarity and unequal distribution of the disease prevalence amongst different ethnic backgrounds have hampered the use of GWAS in cohorts of mixed ethnicity and sufficient sample size. However, novel statistical approaches have now enabled GWAS in admixed cohorts. Methods: We ran a GWAS on 336 BD cases and 5,843 controls. The cases consisted of Western Europeans, Middle Eastern and Turkish individuals. Participants from the Generation R study, a multiethnic birth cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands were used as controls. All samples were genotyped and data was combined. Linear regression models were corrected for population stratification using Genomic Principal Components and Linear Mixed Modelling. Meta-analysis was performed on selected results previously published. Results: We identified SNPs associated at genome-wide significant level mapping to the 6p21.33 (HLA) region. In addition to this known signal two potential novel associations on chromosomes 6 and 18 were identified, yet with low minor allele frequencies. Extended meta-analysis reveal a GWS association with the IL12A variant rs17810546 on chromosome 3. Discussion: We demonstrate that new statistical techniques enable GWAS analyses in a limited sized cohort of mixed ethnicity. After implementation, we confirmed the central role of the HLA region in the disease and identified new regions of interest. Moreover, we validated the association of a variant in the IL2A gene by meta-analysis with previous work. These findings enhance our knowledge of genetic associations and BD, and provide further justification for pursuing collective initiatives in genetic studies given the low prevalence of this and other rare diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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6. Age, gender and disease-related platelet and neutrophil activation ex vivo in whole blood samples from patients with Behçet’s disease.
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Macey, Marion, Hagi-Pavli, Eleni, Stewart, Joanne, Wallace, Graham R., Stanford, Miles, Shirlaw, Penelope, and Fortune, Farida
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- 2011
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7. Age, gender and disease-related platelet and neutrophil activation ex vivo in whole blood samples from patients with Behçet’s disease.
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Macey, Marion, Hagi-Pavli, Eleni, Stewart, Joanne, Wallace, Graham R., Stanford, Miles, Shirlaw, Penelope, and Fortune, Farida
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BLOOD platelets , *NEUTROPHILS , *AGE distribution , *ANALYSIS of variance , *BEHCET'S disease , *BIOPHYSICS , *BLOOD testing , *FLOW cytometry , *INFLAMMATION , *RESEARCH methodology , *RESEARCH funding , *SEX distribution , *STATISTICS , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *EQUIPMENT & supplies , *SEVERITY of illness index , *CASE-control method , *SYMPTOMS , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Objectives. Behçet’s disease (BD) is more severe among young males and disease severity decreases with age. Therefore, the effect of disease activity, gender and age on platelet and neutrophil activation in whole blood taken from patients with BD was investigated.Methods. Using an anti-coagulant Tripotassium ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (K3EDTA) plus citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole (CTAD) (K3EDTA/CTAD) that preserves the degree of platelet activation that exists in vivo, we assessed neutrophil and platelet activation, microparticles, and monocyte and neutrophil–platelet aggregate formation in 43 BD patients using flow cytometry. This is the first description of platelet activation and microparticles in BD patients using this methodology.Results. Inactive [2.78 (0.56)%, P = 0.0009; 3.11 (0.78)%, P < 0.0001] and active [2.28 (0.84)%, P < 0.0001; 3.071 (0.67)%, P = 0.0031] BD patients had significantly higher percentages of CD62P-expressing platelets and CD62P+ platelet microparticles as compared with healthy controls (HCs) [0.84 (0.1)% and 1.23 (0.14)%], respectively. The percentages of CD62P+ platelets and CD62P+ platelet microparticles in female and male BD patients were also significantly higher than those expressed by female and male HCs. The percentages of CD62P+ microparticles were significantly increased in the 20–30-(P = 0.0301) and 31–50-(P < 0.0162) year age ranges, but not in the >50-year age group of BD patients.Conclusion. BD is a rare, chronic multi-systemic vasculitis and interaction of activated platelets with leucocytes has been linked to pathological disorders associated with vascular inflammation. Importantly, this study demonstrates that platelet microparticle activation is increased in BD. Also, this is the first report in which changes in platelet activation in BD are concordant with the observations that BD disease activity diminishes with age. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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8. TIRAP Ser180Leu polymorphism is associated with Behçet's disease.
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Durrani, Omar, Banahan, Katherine, Sheedy, Frederick J., McBride, Laura, Ben-Chetrit, Eldad, Greiner, Kathryn, Vaughan, Robert W., Kondeatis, Elli, Hamburger, John, Fortune, Farida, Stanford, Miles R., Murray, Philip I., O'Neill, Luke A., and Wallace, Graham R.
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- 2011
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9. TIRAP Ser180Leu polymorphism is associated with Behçet's disease.
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Durrani, Omar, Banahan, Katherine, Sheedy, Frederick J., McBride, Laura, Ben-Chetrit, Eldad, Greiner, Kathryn, Vaughan, Robert W., Kondeatis, Elli, Hamburger, John, Fortune, Farida, Stanford, Miles R., Murray, Philip I., O'Neill, Luke A., and Wallace, Graham R.
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POLYMERASE chain reaction methodology , *ANALYSIS of variance , *AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *BEHCET'S disease , *BIOPSY , *CHI-squared test , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *INFECTION , *INFLAMMATION , *MEDICAL cooperation , *POPULATION geography , *RESEARCH , *STATISTICS , *U-statistics , *DATA analysis , *EQUIPMENT & supplies , *CASE-control method , *DATA analysis software , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Objectives. The initiating cause of Behçet's disease (BD) is unknown, but an aberrant response to infection has been suggested. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and associated molecules that have a sentinel function at mucosal surfaces were analysed in patients with BD.Methods. TLR expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in buccal mucosal tissue from patients with BD, in tissue from patients with lichen planus (LP) or pyogenic granuloma (PG) as disease controls, or from healthy individuals. Using SSP-PCR we analysed SNP in CD14, TLR2, TLR4 and TIRAP (TIR domain-containing adaptor protein) in patients with BD from different geographical regions.Results. TLR expression was increased in buccal lesions from patients with BD compared with healthy controls; however, a similar increase was seen in lesion tissue from patients with LP or PG, suggesting that this was a generalized inflammatory response as opposed to a BD-specific response. SNP analysis showed no association between CD14, TLR2 or TLR4 polymorphisms. However, TIRAP 180Leu was significantly associated with BD in UK, but not Middle Eastern, patients.Conclusion. TLR expression showed no difference in tissue from patients with BD compared with either disease or healthy controls. Likewise, SNPs in TLR genes were no different from healthy controls. The association with the increased function variant of TIRAP suggests that encounter with a pathogen at mucosal sites will lead to increased cytokine production and tissue damage with persistence of mucosal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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10. Low prevalence of NOD2 SNPs in Behcet's disease suggests protective association in Caucasians.
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Kappen, Jasper H., Wallace, Graham R., Stolk, Lisette, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, Andre G., van Daele, Paul L.A., Laman, Jon D., Kuijpers, Robert W.A.M., Seerp Baarsma, Goitze, Stanford, Miles R., Fortune, Farida, Madanat, Wafa, Martin van Hagen, Petrus, and van Laar, Jan A.M.
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OLIGOMERIZATION , *GENETICS of Crohn's disease , *DNA analysis , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *CAUCASIAN race - Abstract
Objective. It has been shown previously that three nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Lue1007fs) are associated with Crohn's disease (CD), a disorder clinically resembling Behçet's disease (BD). We studied the frequency of these variants in BD patients. Methods. DNA samples of 200 BD patients [59 Caucasians, 139 Middle Easterns (MEs) of Arab descent and 2 Asians] and 520 healthy controls (444 Caucasians and 76 MEs) were genotyped using a Taqman assay. Results. Both the Arg702Trp and Leu1007fs (frameshift) variants were significantly less frequently present among BD patients compared with healthy controls (0.5 vs 5.8%; P<1.10-5 and 0.0 vs 1.8%; P< 0.007, respectively). In the Caucasian subpopulation, Arg702Trp was significantly less frequent in the BD group as compared with the controls (P=0.04); whereas in the ME subpopulation, a trend was observed (P<0.06). Conclusions. Of the three CD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of the variant NOD2 alíeles, was found to be present significantly less in Caucasian BD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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11. Comparison of peak times of photopic flicker electroretinogram responses recorded using conventional and portable systems in Birdshot chorioretinopathy.
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Pekacka, Aleksandra, Hobby, Angharad, Chow, Isabelle, Indusegaran, Mathura, Hammond, Christopher, Stanford, Miles, and Mahroo, Omar
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UVEITIS , *SCHOOL children , *STANDARD deviations , *ELECTRODES - Abstract
Purpose: Assessing disease activity in Birdshot uveitis can be challenging. The peak time of the 30 Hz flicker photopic electroretinogram (ERG) was shown to be sensitive for detecting retinal dysfunction. ERG testing is not readily available in many eye units. We investigated use of a portable device to obtain recordings in the clinic setting and compared these with conventional recordings. Methods: Patients underwent testing with the portable device (RETeval, LKC Technologies) and conventional equipment (Espion ColorDome, Diagnosys). For portable recordings pupils were undilated and skin electrodes used; for conventional recordings a conductive fibre electrode was used with mydriasis. Flicker ERG peak times were recorded and were deemed abnormal if they exceeded the 95th centile from a healthy cohort (>190 healthy volunteers). Results: 18 patients with Birdshot uveitis underwent recordings. Recordings with the portable device took c. 3 min and were well‐tolerated. Mean (SD) age was 56.3 (12.8) years. For portable recordings, mean (SD) peak times were 30.1 (3.7) and 30.2 (3.9) ms for right and left eyes respectively. For conventional recordings mean (SD) peak times were 31.4 (3.9) and 31.8 (4.0) ms respectively. Peak times were significantly shorter with the portable device (p = 0.026 and 0.002 for right and left eyes). Correlation between devices was high (0.83 and 0.89 for right and left eyes) and highly significant (p < 0.0001). Strength of agreement between the two methods was good (kappa statistic 0.64; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.92). Conclusions: Correlation between the portable and conventional ERG recordings was high with a good level of agreement. Recordings were rapid and well‐tolerated. There were significant differences in peak times between the two methods highlighting the importance of normative data specific to each device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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