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Summary: In plant species, anthocyanin accumulation is specifically regulated by light signaling. Although the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA‐105 (COP1/SPA) complex is known to control anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to light, the precise mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown.Here, we report that Increase in BONSAI Methylation 1 (IBM1), a JmjC domain‐containing histone demethylase, participates in the regulation of light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.The expression of IBM1 was induced by high light (HL) stress, and loss‐of‐function mutations in IBM1 led to accelerated anthocyanin accumulation under HL conditions. We further identified that IBM1 is directly associated with SPA1/3/4 chromatin in vivo to establish a hypomethylation status on H3K9 and DNA non‐CG at these loci under HL, thereby releasing their expression. Genetic analysis showed that quadruple mutants of IBM1 and SPA1/3/4 resemble spa134 mutants. Overexpression of SPA1 in ibm1 mutants complements the mutant phenotype.Our results elucidate the significance and mechanism of IBM1 histone demethylase in the epigenetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis under HL conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The hunt for the molecular markers with specificity and sensitivity has been a hot area for the tumor treatment. Due to the poor diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC), the excision rate is often low, which makes it more urgent to find the ideal tumor markers. Methods Robust Rank Aggreg (RRA) methods was firstly applied to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC tissues and normal tissues from GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE16515, and GSE101448. Among these DEGs, the highly correlated genes were clustered using WGCNA analysis. The co-expression networks and molecular complex detection (MCODE) Cytoscape app were then performed to find the sub-clusters and confirm 35 candidate genes. For these genes, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model was applied and validated to build a diagnostic risk score model. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used and validated to build a prognostic model. Results Based on integrated transcriptomic analysis, we identified a 19 gene module (SYCN, PNLIPRP1, CAP2, GNMT, MAT1A, ABAT, GPT2, ADHFE1, PHGDH, PSAT1, ERP27, PDIA2, MT1H, COMP, COL5A2, FN1, COL1A2, FAP and POSTN) as a specific predictive signature for the diagnosis of PC. Based on the two consideration, accuracy and feasibility, we simplified the diagnostic risk model as a four-gene model: 0.3034*log2(MAT1A)-0.1526*log2(MT1H) + 0.4645*log2(FN1) -0.2244*log2(FAP), log2(gene count). Besides, a four-hub gene module was also identified as prognostic model = − 1.400*log2(CEL) + 1.321*log2(CPA1) + 0.454*log2(POSTN) + 1.011*log2(PM20D1), log2(gene count). Conclusion Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies two four-hub gene modules as specific predictive signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC, which may bring new sight for the clinical practice of PC.

Summary: Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for the growth and development of perennial trees. Xylem vessels act as the center of water conduction in woody species, but the underlying mechanism of its development and morphogenesis under water‐deficient conditions remains elucidation.Here, we identified and characterized an osmotic stress‐induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (PtoERF15) and its target, PtoMYC2b, which was involved in mediating vessel size, density, and cell wall thickness in response to drought in Populus tomentosa.PtoERF15 is preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of poplar stems. Overexpression of PtoERF15 contributed to stem water potential maintaining, thus promoting drought tolerance. RNA‐Seq and biochemical analysis further revealed that PtoERF15 directly regulated PtoMYC2b, encoding a switch of JA signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings verify that three sets of homologous genes from NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family: PtoSND1‐A1/A2, PtoVND7‐1/7‐2, and PtoNAC118/120, as the targets of PtoMYC2b, are involved in the regulation of vessel morphology in poplar.Collectively, our study provides molecular evidence for the involvement of the PtoERF15‐PtoMYC2b transcription cascade in maintaining stem water potential through the regulation of xylem vessel development, ultimately improving drought tolerance in poplar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered as the next‐generation TE materials owing to their merits including high mechanical flexibility, low cost, abundant elements, and nontoxicity. However, their Seebeck coefficient is lower than that of the inorganic counterparts by around one order of magnitude, and thus they have a lower dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) value. Herein, the significant enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient and thus the overall TE properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) that is the most popular TE polymer by adding a zwitterion like rhodamine 101 (R101), N‐dodecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane‐sulfonate (DDMAP), or 1‐(N,N‐dimethylcarbamoyl)‐4‐(2‐sulfoethyl) pyridinium hydroxide (DMCSP) are reported. In particular, R101 can enhance the Seebeck coefficient of the acid‐then‐base‐treated PEDOT:PSS from 21.2 to 61.6 μV K−1. The PEDOT:PSS/R101 film can exhibit a power factor of 546 μW m−1 K−2 and a ZT of 0.46 that is the highest for pure organic solid films. The enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient is ascribed to the energy filtering induced by the dipole moment of zwitterion and the π–π overlapping between conjugated rhodamine 101 and PEDOT:PSS. To distinguish it from the conventional methods, this method is named as the molecular energy filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prognostic roles of three common lymph node staging schemes, number of positive lymph nodes (pN), lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) are unclear. We assessed their prognostic ability in SBA. Methods: A total of 2128 patients diagnosed with SBA between 1988 and 2010 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 186 patients from 15 hospitals in France and China were identified. We evaluated the prognostic ability of the schemes in both continuous and stratified patterns using R2, Harrell's C, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Findings: For continuous pattern, the LODDS had a better capacity of discrimination and higher accuracy of prognosis than pN and LNR. Similarly, the stratified LODDS classification had a better performance of discrimination and higher accuracy of prognosis than the pN and LNR classification. The multivariable model using the LODDS classification also showed superiorly predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity to those of the 7th and, 8th TNM node and LNR classification. These results were fully validated in an independent international multicentre cohort. Interpretation: The LODDS scheme showed a better prognostic performance than the LNR or pN schemes in patients with SBA regardless of continuous or stratified pattern. The LODDS scheme could serve as an auxiliary to lymph node staging systems in future revisions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) manual. Fund: This work was funded by the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Fund of China. Keywords: Small bowel adenocarcinoma, Log odds of positive lymph nodes, Lymph node ratio, Number of positive lymph nodes, Prognosis, Multicentre cohort

Directional transport of high-temperature droplets enjoys broad application prospects in the fields of drag reduction and heat transfer. In this paper, two adjacent regions with different surface roughness were constructed on 304 stainless steel by laser etching to control the directional movement of high-temperature droplets. It is found that the regions with different surface roughness have different Leidenfrost temperatures, and the Leidenfrost temperature is lower under smaller roughness. When the droplet hits the boundary of the adjacent regions at high temperatures, it will bounce towards the region with larger roughness spontaneously, and the directional bouncing distance tends to first increase and then decrease with the increase of temperature and Weber number. In addition, when the droplet impacts at the boundary of the adjacent regions which have different Leidenfrost temperatures, the two parts of the droplet will be in transition boiling and film boiling respectively. The resulting Young’s force is the main factor that drives the droplets to bounce directionally.

The formation of polaron, i.e., the strong coupling process between the carrier and lattice, is considered to play a crucial role in benefiting the photoelectric performance of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. However, direct observation of the dynamical formation of polarons occurring at time scales within hundreds of femtoseconds remains a technical challenge. Here, by terahertz emission spectroscopy, we demonstrate the real-time observation of polaron formation process in FAPbI3 films. Two different polaron resonances interpreted with the anharmonic coupling emission model have been studied: P1 at ~1 THz relates to the inorganic sublattice vibration mode and the P2 at ~0.4 THz peak relates to the FA+ cation rotation mode. Moreover, P2 could be further strengthened than P1 by pumping the hot carriers to the higher sub-conduction band. Our observations could open a door for THz emission spectroscopy to be a powerful tool in studying polaron formation dynamics in perovskites. Polaron formation is considered to play a crucial role to enhance photoelectric performance of hybrid halide perovskites. Here, the authors report the real-time observation of polaron formation process by terahertz emission spectroscopy and reveal two different polaron modes in FAPbI3 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is one of the most widely used bariatric procedures, and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a single-stage procedure for treating morbid obesity is becoming more popular. We compared both techniques to evaluate their efficacy in treating morbid obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, Medline, Embase, ISI databases and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LRYGB and LSG for morbid obesity or T2DM published in any language. Statistical analyses were carried out using RevMan software. Results: Five worldwide RCTs with 196 patients in the LRYGB group and 200 in the LSG group were included in our analysis. Compared with patients who had LSG, those who had LRYGB had a higher remission rate of T2MD, lost more weight and had lower low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, homeostasis model assessment index and insulin levels. There was no difference in the reoperation rate between the groups. However, patients treated with LRYGB had a higher incidence of complication than those treated with LSG. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that LRYGB is more effective than LSG for the surgical treatment of T2DM and control of metabolic syndrome. However, LSG is safer and has a reduced rate of complications. Further high-quality RCTs with long follow-up periods are needed to provide more reliable evidence. Contexte: La derivation gastrique laparoscopique Roux-en-Y (DGRY) est l'une des interventions bariatriques les plus utilisees, et la gastrectomie longitudinale laparoscopique (GLL) gagne en popularite comme intervention en une seule etape pour le traitement de l'obesite morbide. Nous avons compare les 2 techniques pour en evaluer l'efficacite dans le traitement de l'obesite morbide ou du diabete de type 2 (DT2). Methodes: Nous avons interroge les bases de donnees du Registre des essais cliniques controles de la Collaboration Cochrane, de meme que les bases de donnees Medline, Embase, ISI et la base de donnees de la litterature biomedicale chinoise pour recenser les essais randomises et controles (ERC) publies dans toutes les langues sur la DGRY et la GLL dans les cas d'obesite morbide ou de DT2. Les analyses statistiques ont ete effectuees au moyen du logiciel RevMan. Resultats: Cinq ERC ont ete recenses dans le monde et ont ete inclus dans notre analyse, totalisant 196 patients soumis a la DGRY et 200 soumis a la GLL. Comparativement aux patients soumis a la GLL, les patients soumis a la DGRY ont presente des taux de remission plus eleves de leur DT2, ils ont perdu plus de poids et ont presente des taux plus faibles de lipoproteines de faible densite et de triglycerides, une baisse de leur indice d'evaluation du modele d'homeostasie) et de leur taux d'insuline. On n'a note aucune difference entre les groupes pour ce qui est du taux de reintervention. Toutefois, l'incidence des complications a ete plus elevee chez les patients traites par DGRY que chez ceux traites par GLL. Conclusion: Notre meta-analyse demontre que la DGRY est plus efficace que la GLL pour le traitement chirurgical du DT2 et le controle du syndrome metabolique. Toutefois, la GLL est plus securitaire et s'accompagne d'un taux moindre de complications. Il faudra proceder a d'autres ERC de grande qualite comportant des suivis prolonges pour amasser des preuves plus fiables., Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are currently 2 of the most common chronic diseases in Western countries. (1,2) The growing incidence of obesity and T2DM globally is widely [...]

Background: Previous reviews of the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for elective inguinal hernia repair were not conclusive owing to the limited number of patients enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, since new RCTs involving patients undergoing tention-free hernioplasty have been published in recent years, we performed a new meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of postoperative complications after this procedure. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs studying the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent postoperative complications in patients undergoing tension-free hernioplasty. Results: We included 6 RCTs conducted around the world in our analysis. Compared with the control condition, antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a lower incidence of incision infection (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.260.77, p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in risk for incision hematoma (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.60-4.10, p = 0.35), respiratory infection (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.17-5.79, p > 0.99) or urinary tract infection (OR 1.81, 95% CI 0.38-8.52, p = 0.45) between the 2 conditions. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis use in patients undergoing tension-free hernioplasty decreases the rate of incision infection by 55%. Contexte : Les etudes anterieures sur l'efficacite de la prophylaxie aux antibiotiques pour la reparation elective d'une hernie inguinale n'etaient pas concluantes a cause du nombre limite de patients inscrits aux essais controles randomises (ECR). Cependant, comme les resultats de nouveaux ECR mettant en cause des personnes qui ont subi une hernioplastie sans tension ont ete publies au cours des dernieres annees, nous avons procede a une nouvelle meta-analyse pour evaluer l'efficacite de la prophylaxie aux antibiotiques dans la prevention des complications postoperatoires. Methodes : Nous avons effectue une meta-analyse d'ECR portant sur l'utilisation de la prophylaxie aux antibiotiques pour prevenir les complications postoperatoires chez tous les patients qui ont subi une hernioplastie sans tension. Resultats : Nous avons inclus dans notre analyse 6 ECR effectues dans divers pays. Comparativement aux groupes temoins, on a etabli un lien entre la prophylaxie aux antibiotiques et une incidence plus faible d'infection de l'incision (risque relatif [RR] 0,45, intervalle de confiance [IC] a 95 %, 0,26-0,77,p = 0,004). Il n'y avait pas de differences significatives au niveau du risque d'hematome a l'incision (RR 1,57, IC a 95 %, 0,60-4,10, p = 0,35), d'infection respiratoire (RR 1,00, IC a 95 %, 0,17-5,79, p > 0,99) ou d'infection urinaire (RR 1,81, IC a 95 %, 0,38-8,52, p = 0,45) entre les groupes de participants et les groupes temoins. Conclusion : L'utilisation d'une prophylaxie aux antibiotiques chez les patients qui subissent une hernioplastie sans tension reduit de 55 % le taux d'infection de l'incision., Tension-free hernioplasty is rapidly becoming the most popular technique for repairing inguinal hernias. (1-6) More than 80% of abdominal wall hernias occur in the groin, and most are repaired with [...]