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Yicheng Cheng,1–3,* Bo Gao,1,3,* Xianghui Liu,2,* Xianghui Zhao,4 Weige Sun,2 Huifang Ren,1,3 Jiang Wu1,3 1Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 2Department of Stomatology, Bayi Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 3Department of Prosthodontics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Xi’an, 4Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basical Medical Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: To prevent peri-implant infection, a new antibacterial coating containing a halogenated furanone compound, (Z-)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-2(5H)-furanone-loaded poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticles, has been fabricated. The current study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of the antibacterial coating under a simulated environment of peri-implant infection in vivo. Microarc-oxidized titanium implants treated with minocycline hydrochloride ointment were used as positive control group, and microarc-oxidized titanium implants without any treatment were used as blank control group. Three kinds of implants were implanted in dogs’ mandibles, and the peri-implant infection was simulated by silk ligation and feeding high sugar diet. After 2-month implantation, the results showed that no significant differences were detected between the experimental and positive control groups (P>0.05), but the data of clinical measurements of the blank control group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05), and the bone–implant contact rate and ultimate interfacial strength were significantly lower than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation and histological examination showed that more new bone was formed on the surface of th

Yicheng Cheng,1,2,* Xianghui Zhao,3,* Xianghui Liu,2,* Weige Sun,2 Huifang Ren,1 Bo Gao,1 Jiang Wu1 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Titanium implants have been widely used for many medical applications, but bacterial infection after implant surgery remains one of the most common and intractable complications. To this end, long-term antibacterial ability of the implant surface is highly desirable to prevent implant-associated infection. In this study, a novel antibacterial coating containing a new antibacterial agent, (Z-)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-2(5H)-furanone loaded poly(L-lactic acid) nanoparticles, was fabricated on microarc-oxidized titanium for this purpose. The antibacterial coating produced a unique inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus throughout a 60-day study period, which is normally long enough to prevent the infection around implants in the early and intermediate stages. The antibacterial rate for adherent S. aureus was about 100% in the first 10 days and constantly remained over 90% in the following 20 days. Fluorescence staining of adherent S. aureus also confirmed the excellent antibacterial ability of the antibacterial coating. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed an enhanced osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on the antibacterial coating, and more notable cell spread was observed at the early stage. It is therefore concluded that the fabricated antibacterial coating, which exhibits relatively long-term antibacterial ability and excellent biological performance, is a potential and