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Successful identification of nodal metastases in patients with cancer is crucial to prescribe suitable treatment regimens that can improve recurrence-free survival. Although some new imaging technologies for nodal staging have been developed, such as nanoparticle-enhanced MRI and quantum-dot–based fluorescence imaging, sound technologies for intraoperative differentiation of metastatic and inflamed lymph nodes remain lacking. In this study, we illustrate the feasibility of using a macrophage-specific fluorescent probe (MFP) to visualize sentinel lymph nodes during surgery, highlighting abnormalities related to inflammation and tumor infiltration with signal enhancement and reduction methods using this technology. MFP was identified by high-throughput screening of fluorescent small-molecule libraries synthesized with a diversity-oriented approach. It selectively visualized monocyte and macrophage cell populations in vitro, by live-cell imaging and flow cytometry, as well as in vivo, for imaging-guided surgery. Collectively, this study provides preclinical proof of concept for an intraoperative imaging platform to accurately assess lymph node status, eliminating the need for invasive nodal dissections that can contribute to complications of cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 74(1); 44–55. ©2013 AACR.

PDF file - 5664K, Supplementary Figure 1: Overview of high-throughput screening, Supplementary Figure 2: Synthesis scheme for MFP, Supplementary Figure 3: Identification spectra of MFP obtained by using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, Supplementary Figure 4: Identification LC-MS spectrum of MFP, Supplementary Figure 5: Physiochemical properties of MFP, Supplementary Figure 6: Macrophage differentiation with the U-937 cell line by using PMA stimulation, Supplementary Figure 7: Selective macrophage staining with MFP for different concentrations and incubation times, Supplementary Figure 8: Effect of MFP on cell viability, Supplementary Figure 9: Enrichment of T lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes from human blood, Supplementary Figure 10: Macrophage differentiation with peripheral blood monocytes, Supplementary Figure 11: Characterization of MFP+ cells in inflamed lymph nodes, Supplementary Figure 12: Characterization of MFP+ cells in metastatic lymph nodes, Supplementary Figure 13: Structural selectivity test with several analogues of MFP, Supplementary Methods.

(9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:OAc) and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene), known as the sex pheromone of the European Dioryctria abietella population, were identified in the Korean D. abietella population. The ratio of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene extracted from female pheromone glands was 1:23. The electroantennogram (EAG) response of male antennae to 9Z,11E-14:OAc was stronger than to C25 pentaene, whereas an opposite EAG response was observed in female antennae. Major volatile compounds in mature Korean pine cone (Pinus koraiensis), such as limonene, myrcene, and (-)-α-pinene, elicited dose-dependent EAG responses of male and female antennae. In field attraction testing, traps baited with 100:1,000, 100:2,000, and 100:3,000 ug of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene were the most attractive to male D. abietella. More males were attracted to traps baited with 9Z,11E-14:OAc+C25 pentaene+limonene than traps baited with 9Z,11E-14:OAc+C25 pentaene. This showed that limonene acted as a synergist to sex pheromone. Delta traps, wing traps, and diamond traps were superior to bucket traps for capturing D. abietella males. This study showed that pheromone traps baited with 100:1,000 ~ 100:3,000 ug of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene and limonene will be useful for the exact monitoring of D. abietella flight phenology in Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc. (Pinales: Pinaceae) forests.

As the demand for coffee has increased, by-product disposal has become a challenge to solve. Many studies are being conducted on how to use coffee waste as building materials to recycle it. In this study, the thermal performance and acoustic performance of a composite developed using bio-based microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) and coffee waste were evaluated, and the composite was applied as building material. The coffee waste was successfully degreased with ethanol to produce composites, and removal of contaminants and oils was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. In the phase change process of MPCM, an appropriate amount of thermal energy is absorbed and stored, and the temperature is maintained. MPCM was used in the mixture and the improved thermal performance was evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry analysis, revealing a latent heat of 3.8 J/g for MPCM content of 10%. Further, thermal imaging cameras revealed that an increase in the proportion of MPCM leads to a slower decrease in temperature because of the heat preserved by MPCM over time. In an acoustic performance evaluation, impedance tube test results showed different aspects depending on low, mid, and high-frequency bands. Specifically, at medium frequencies, which correspond to the range of noise generated in cafes, specimens fabricated using MPCM were confirmed to exhibit a higher sound absorption coefficient and an improved acoustic performance. Hence, the composite can be considered an eco-friendly building material with promising thermal and acoustic performance.

This study aims to assess various perceived adverse effects of noise on construction sites according to the different stages and machinery used in the stages, and to examine whether or not personal-situational factors affect the judgment of managers regarding the adverse impact of noise at work through a self-reported survey method. Four primary construction stages and twenty-four types of construction machines were evaluated. The effects of personal (noise sensitivity) and situational (types of jobs, and years of working) factors on the adverse impacts of noise on annoyance, work performance, work safety, and speech interference at work were examined. The results show significant differences in perceived noise annoyance in the various construction stages. The demolition stage is the most annoying, followed by the foundation, earthwork, and concrete framing stages. In addition, the annoying equipment differs for each construction stage. A breaker, pile driver, and hammer compactor are rated as the most annoying construction machines in the demolition, foundation, and earthwork stages, respectively. Individual noise sensitivity appears to have the most significant influence on the adverse impacts of noise on annoyance, work performance, work safety, and speech interference. A high noise sensitivity group tends to judge construction noise to be more adverse than the rest. In addition, different interrelationships between the adverse items of noise are found across their types of jobs: building construction, civil construction, and safety management. The findings of this study will provide further knowledge to facilitate better noise management planning on construction sites. Accepted version This work was supported by a 2017-Research Grant from Youngsan University (2018000288), Republic of Korea.

Activated macrophages have the potential to be ideal targets for imaging inflammation. However, probe selectivity over non-activated macrophages and probe delivery to target tissue have been challenging. Here, we report a small molecule probe specific for activated macrophages, called CDg16, and demonstrate its application to visualizing inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Through a systematic transporter screen using a CRISPR activation library, we identify the orphan transporter Slc18b1/SLC18B1 as the gating target of CDg16., Attempts to image activated macrophages in vivo have been hampered by selectivity and delivery problems. Here the authors develop a small molecule fluorescent probe specific to activated M1 and M2 macrophages, identify the orphan receptor Slc18b1/SLC18B1 as the mechanism of uptake, and use it to image atherosclerosis in mice.

We investigated the repellent effect of 12 Apiaceae plant essential oils on nymphal and adult (male and female) forms of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), using a four-arm olfactometer. Among the essential oils tested, ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague) essential oil showed the strongest repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. For female adults, the repellent activity was significantly different between an ajowan oil-treated chamber and an untreated chamber down to a concentration of 14.15 μg/cm2. We also investigated the repellent activity of individual ajowan essential oil constituents. Of the compounds examined, carvacrol and thymol showed the most potent repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited 73.08% and 70.0% repellent activity for the bean bug nymph at 0.71 and 2.83 μg/cm2, respectively, and 82.6% and 80.7% at 5.66 and 11.32 μg/cm2, respectively, for male adults. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong repellent activity against female adult bean bugs down to a concentration of 2.83 μg/cm2. Ajowan essential oil, thymol and carvacrol elicited a negative electroantennogram (EAG) response from adult bean bugs. This could explain the repellent activity of ajowan essential oil and its constituents. Our results indicate that ajowan essential oil and its constituents carvacrol and thymol can be potential candidates as the ‘push’ component in a ‘push-pull’ strategy for bean bug control.

The increase in coffee consumption has led to increased production of coffee waste. Methods to recycle coffee waste are constantly being researched. Coffee powder is a porous material that can effectively be used to absorb sound. In this study, sound-absorbing panels were developed using coffee waste combined with resin. A sound absorption characterization of the new material was performed. Then, the noise reduction potential using coffee-waste sound absorbers was investigated in cafes. A cafe has several noise sources, such as coffee machines, music, and the voices of people. The noise reduction effect was evaluated using the ODEON simulation software together with the improvement in both the clarity and reverberation time in a case study cafe. In the investigated room, the acoustic definition (D50) increased up to 0.8, while the reverberation time (RT) reduced to 0.6 s. The results of this study demonstrate that the noise generated in the cafe was reduced by recycling the coffee waste produced as a by-product in the same building. Finally, this study presents a new construction material manufactured through coffee waste that is in turn applied to cafes where the coffee waste itself is produced.

In this study, the fumigant antifungal activity of 10 Lamiaceae plant essential oils was evaluated against two phytopathogenic fungi, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, and Rhizoctonia solani. Among the tested essential oils, thyme white (Thymus vulgaris) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis) essential oils exhibited the strongest fumigant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi. We analyzed the chemical composition of two active essential oils and tested the fumigant antifungal activities of the identified compounds. Among the tested compounds, thymol and carvacrol had potent fumigant antifungal activity. We observed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in two fungi treated with thymol and carvacrol. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of fungi stained with propidium iodide showed that thymol and carvacrol disrupted fungal cell membranes. Our results indicated that ROS generated by thymol and carvacrol damaged the cell membrane of R. querqus-mongolicae and R. solani, causing cell death.

This study investigates the effect of vegetation for noise reduction and the changes in the soundscape of an access road to a religious space in Seoul. The noise propagation was investigated by performing field measurements before vegetation covered with soil, one month after, and four years after vegetation, and the overall soundscape perception was studied by conducting a social survey. The vegetation was added to the access road of the Myeong-dong Catholic Cathedral precinct, which is responsible for religious and social functions. As the vegetation became established, the sound pressure level tended to be reduced more, with particularly significant decreases in the 1 kHz and higher bands. Furthermore, before vegetation covered with soil and immediately after vegetation, the reverberation time varied between 1 and 2 s; however, as the planted trees grew and their leaf canopies became thicker, the reverberation time was reduced to 1.2 s or less. Consequently, the speech transmission index was improved four years after vegetation. The survey results showed that the participant perceptions of the overall quality and acoustic quality increased at statistically significant levels, but the increase in the perceived visual quality was not statistically significant. Accepted version

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli is defective disease towatermelon cultivated areas. To control of BFB, we investigated control efficiency to use commercial anti-bacterial pesticides. Growth inhibition zone on medium were formed as oxolinic acid WP and oxytetracyclineWP. Control efficacy of four anti-bacterial pesticides on seed and seedling stage were performed. As aresults, oxytetracyclin WP is shown over 90% control efficiency on seed and acibenzolar-S-methyl +mancozeb WP shown over 90% control efficiency on seedling stage Hot-water treatment method could bepossible to reduced infection rate on seed. The conditions of hot-water treatments are 50~55 o C on 20~30minutes. These results suggested that the methods were helpful watermelon seedling nursery to control of thebacterial fruit blotch by A. avenae subsp. citrulli.Key words Anti-bacterial pesticides, Bacterial fruit blotch, Control, Hot-water treatment 서론 수박 과일썩음병(bacterial fruit blotch)은 Acidovorax avenaesubsp. citrulli에 의해 발병하는 병으로, 1980년대 미국Indiana 남서부 지역의 수박 재배지역에서 대발생하여 경제적 피해를 일으켰다(Latin and Fane, 1990). 그 이후에 남아메리카, 호주, 아시아 등에서 멜론, 수박, 오이 등 박과작물에서 과일썩음병이 보고되었다(Cheng et al., 2000; Isakeitet al., 1997; Martin and O'Brien 1999; Shirakawa et al.,2000). 우리나라는 1991년 전북 고창에서 그 발생이 보고된이후로수박에서주요병해로 인식되고 있으며(Song et al.,1991), 전남 광주, 나주지역의 멜론재배 농가에서도 발생하였다(Seo et al., 2006). 전 세계적으로 과일썩음병에 대한연구는 박과작물에 발생하는 발생보고와 진단기술 개발이주로 수행되었다(Ha et al., 2009; Latin and Hopkins, 1995;Schaad and Freedrick, 2002; Walcott et al., 2000). 최근, 국내에서는 과일썩음병균 신속하고 정확한 검출을 위해 nestedPCR법과 real-time PCR법이 개발되었다(Cho et al., 2015;Kim et al., 2015). 수박 과일썩음병 방제를 위해 멀칭 종류별 발병 억제효과 검정, 나노 화학물을 이용한 항균활성 효과를 검정한 연구가 진행되었다(Lee et al., 2014; Kim etal., 2015). 최근, 국내에서는 과일썩음병균을 수집하고, 분자계통학적 유연관계를 분석하여 국내산 과일썩음병균에 유전적 변이가 있음을 보고하였다(Song et al., 2015). 수박 과일

We investigated the repellent effect of 12 Apiaceae plant essential oils on nymphal and adult (male and female) forms of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), using a four-arm olfactometer. Among the essential oils tested, ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague) essential oil showed the strongest repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. For female adults, the repellent activity was significantly different between an ajowan oil-treated chamber and an untreated chamber down to a concentration of 14.15 &mu, g/cm2. We also investigated the repellent activity of individual ajowan essential oil constituents. Of the compounds examined, carvacrol and thymol showed the most potent repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited 73.08% and 70.0% repellent activity for the bean bug nymph at 0.71 and 2.83 &mu, g/cm2, respectively, and 82.6% and 80.7% at 5.66 and 11.32 &mu, g/cm2, respectively, for male adults. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong repellent activity against female adult bean bugs down to a concentration of 2.83 &mu, g/cm2. Ajowan essential oil, thymol and carvacrol elicited a negative electroantennogram (EAG) response from adult bean bugs. This could explain the repellent activity of ajowan essential oil and its constituents. Our results indicate that ajowan essential oil and its constituents carvacrol and thymol can be potential candidates as the &lsquo, push&rsquo, component in a &lsquo, push-pull&rsquo, strategy for bean bug control.

Matsuone is a well-known sex pheromone of the genus Matsucoccus (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), including species Matsucoccus matsumurae (Kuwana), Matsucoccus resinosae Bean & Goldwin, and Matsucoccus thunbergianae Miller & Park. In this study, we investigated the effects of matsuone dose and trap height on the capture of M. thunbergianae and developed an alternative synthesis of racemic matsuone. In field trapping experiments, M. thunbergianae males showed dose-dependent attraction to (6R,10R/S)-matsuone from 100 μg up to an approximate saturation level of 1,600 μg per rubber septum lure. Traps baited with (6R,10R/S)-matsuone and installed 50 cm above ground level attracted more males than traps 100 and 150 cm above ground level. To reduce synthesis procedures, time, and labor, we developed a new synthetic route to racemic matsuone and conducted field experiments with the product. Although traps baited with the racemic matsuone were less attractive than traps baited with (6R,10R/S)-matsuone synthesized by a previously reported method, the new synthetic route could be an economically favorable alternative to the previous method used in production of lures for field application.

A 1:10 scale of a street canyon and courtyard was constructed to evaluate sound propagation when various vegetation treatments including trees, shrubs, vegetated facades, and green roofs were installed in the urban environment. Noise reductions in the street canyon and courtyard were measured for both single and combined vegetation treatments. Vegetated facades mitigated the overall noise level up to 1.6 dBA in the street canyon, and greening facades were effective to reduce low frequency noise levels below 1 kHz. Trees increased the noise level at high frequency bands to some extent in the street canyon, while the noise level over 1 kHz decreased in the courtyard after installing the street trees. This is because tree crowns diffused and reflected high frequency sounds into the street canyon. Green roofs offered significant noise abatement over 1 kHz in the courtyard, while the vegetated facade was effective to reduce noise levels at low frequencies. In terms of the integrated effects of vegetation treatments, a combined vegetation treatment was less effective than the sum of single treatments in the street canyon. The maximum noise reduction observed for all combinations of vegetation treatments provided 3.4 dBA of insertion loss in the courtyard.

Among 98 3-acyltetramic acid analogues, compounds 1c, 2c, 2f and 2g, showed >90% nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at a 10 μg/mL concentration. The nematicidal activities of compounds 1d, 1h, and 2k were a little lower at 88.0%, 85.8%, and 57.2% at a 10 μg/mL concentration, respectively. The nematicidal activity of emamection benzoate, widely used in Korea for the prevention of pine wilt disease, was 32.3% at a 10 μg/mL concentration. Other 3-acyltetramic acid analogues showed less than 30% nematicidal activity. A structure-activity relationship study indicated that the chain length of the C-acyl substituent was very important for high nematicidal activity. All active compounds had C13H27 or C11H23 acyl substituents, in two closely related groups with the common physicochemical properties of a polar surface area 57.6A2, PSA (polar surface area) 7.8–8.6% and ClogP (calculated partition coefficient) 5.1–5.9 and a polar surface area 75–84A2, PSA 11.1–11.6% and ClogP 4.7–5.1, respectively. Our study indicates that active 3-acyltetramic acid analogues could have potential as lead compounds for developing novel pine wood nematode control agents.

A new strategy for constructing large Stokes shift dyes by coupling a low quantum yield (less than 1%) BODIPY donor (BDN) with tunable high quantum yield BODIPY acceptors (BDM) has been explored to synthesize a set of novel Dark Resonance Energy Transfer (DRET) dyes, named BNM. The low quantum yield of the donor is ascribed to the intramolecular rotation of the phenyl rings, which has been proven by controlling the viscosity and temperature of the solvent. However, upon excitation of BNM compounds at the donor absorption wavelength, tunable emissions from 560 nm to 617 nm were obtained, with a high quantum yield of up to 0.75. Ultrafast dynamic studies demonstrated that the absorbed energy was transferred to the acceptor (BDM) with a high energy transfer rate, before being quenched by non-radiative intramolecular rotations. Using a dark donor makes it possible to avoid fluorescence leaks from donor emission. This is a new set of RET dyes that can be excited by a low quantum yield donor to emit a tunable wide range of high fluorescence emission.

In the present study, annoyance caused by diverse construction noises was evaluated through surveys. A survey with a total of 110 construction workers was carried out to investigate annoyance from construction noises at different construction phases. The most effective item of adverse by con- struction noise was annoyance and the most annoyed construction stage was destruction construction. There were high correlation between work performance and work safety as well as work safety and speech interference. Participant's noise sensitivity were significant between low and high group at work performance, work safety, speech interference.

Recent studies have suggested that renal Nox is important in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a novel pan-NOX-inhibitor, APX-115, on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight- week-old db/m and db/db mice were treated with APX-115 for 12 weeks. APX-115 was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg per day. To compare the effects of APX-115 with a dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, db/db mice were treated with GKT137831 according to the same protocol. APX-115 significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice, similar to GKT137831. Oxidative stress as measured by plasma 8-isoprostane level was decreased in the APX-115 group compared with diabetic controls. All lipid profiles, both in plasma and tissues improved with Nox inhibition. APX-115 treatment decreased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression in the kidney. APX-115 decreased urinary albumin excretion and preserved creatinine level. In diabetic kidneys, APX-115 significantly improved mesangial expansion, but GKT137831 did not. In addition, F4/80 infiltration in the adipose tissue and kidney decreased with APX-115 treatment. We also found that TGF-β stimulated ROS generation in primary mouse mesangial cells (pMMCs) from wild-type, Nox1 KO, and Duox1 KO mice, but did not induce Nox activity in pMMCs from Nox2 knockout (KO), Nox4 KO, or Duox2 KO mice. These results indicate that activating Nox2, Nox4, or Duox2 in pMMCs is essential for TGF-β-mediated ROS generation. Our findings suggest that APX-115 may be as effective or may provide better protection than the dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, and pan-Nox inhibition with APX-115 might be a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

The identification of brown adipose deposits in adults has led to significant interest in targeting this metabolically active tissue for treatment of obesity and diabetes. Improved methods for the direct measurement of heat production as the signature function of brown adipocytes (BAs), particularly at the single cell level, would be of substantial benefit to these ongoing efforts. Here, we report the first application of a small molecule-type thermosensitive fluorescent dye, ERthermAC, to monitor thermogenesis in BAs derived from murine brown fat precursors and in human brown fat cells differentiated from human neck brown preadipocytes. ERthermAC accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of BAs and displayed a marked change in fluorescence intensity in response to adrenergic stimulation of cells, which corresponded to temperature change. ERthermAC fluorescence intensity profiles were congruent with mitochondrial depolarisation events visualised by the JC-1 probe. Moreover, the averaged fluorescence intensity changes across a population of cells correlated well with dynamic changes such as thermal power, oxygen consumption, and extracellular acidification rates. These findings suggest ERthermAC as a promising new tool for studying thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of both murine and human origins.

We describe organelle thermometry using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting small molecule dye and cytosolic mCherry, whose fluorescence lifetimes reduce with increasing temperature and can be monitored by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The results show that heat production in single myotubes is highly localized and is coupled to a Ca(2+) burst.

The study aims to identify the pathogenicity of Phytophthora. capsici isolates in major pepper-producing areas in Korea and the inherit genetic pattern of phytophthora blight resistance by inocula. With five kinds of testing materials including `Kataguma (Sakata Korea)` peppers, a disease-susceptible material, `#308`, a phytophthora blight resistance material, `CM334`, and their and , respective isolates of P. capsici obtained from Icheon, Eumseong, Buan, Imsil and Yeongyang regions together with six kinds of peppers` inoculum including PA-159 (KACC No.40482) received from Korean Agricultural Culture Collection were used for inoculation. The disease-susceptible material `#308`, the resistant material `CM334` and the non-segregating generation of represented 4.94-5.00, 1.00-1.07, and 1.01-1.08 phytophthora blight incidence respectively in the group comparison by isolate. This result means that the phytophthora blight resistance was clearly distinguished among testing materials in the group comparison by P. capsici isolate. Moreover, segregating generation showed 1.79-2.31 phytophthora blight incidence which turned out to be identical in the group comparison by the six isolates of P. capsici isolate and with similarity between both the resistant and susceptible materials. Thus, the result proved that using the six isolates of P. capsici tested as inocula was suitable to investigate the phytophthora blight resistance. When it comes to group comparison of segregation generation, however, isolates were divided with PA-159 isolate being the center: a group consisting of isolates from Icheon, Buan, and Imsil and a group consisting of Yeongyang and Eumseong isolates with higher pathogenicity. The expected segregation ratio of the phytophthora blight resistance in generation by isolate was analyzed. PA-159 isolate showed 3:1 or 9:3:3:1, indicating that one to two genes were involved. On the other hand, results also proved that there is an interaction of genes since both Eumseong and Yeongyang isolates showed a segregation ratio of 11:5 while the Icheon isolate represented 12:3:1.

Crystal-oriented 1-mol% Li2O-excess (Na0.51K0.47Li0.02)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 (NKLNT) was manufactured from variously-sized NaNbO3 (NN) templates via reactive template grain growth. The effect of NN template size was investigated in regard to the degree of orientation and the piezoelectric properties of NKLNT. A planar NN template was prepared via the topochemical microcrystal conversion method, and its size was controlled by adding excess Na2CO3 to Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18 (BNN) precursor. The NN template size increased with the amount of Na2CO3 that was added to the BNN. The degree of orientation was high in tape-casted NKLNT, and its piezoelectric properties were considerably improved. The piezoelectric properties of oriented NKLNT varied with the NN template size, which was not exhibited in a non-oriented state, which state is related to the change in the degree of orientation. The results show that the template size has an effect on the degree of orientation and on the piezoelectric properties of oriented NKLNT.

In 2010, symptoms of leaf and stem rot were observed on potted plants (Peperomia quadrangularis) in a greenhouse in Yongin, Korea. The causative pathogen was identified as Myrothecium roridum based on morphological data, internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and pathogenicity test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. roridum causing leaf and stem rot disease on P. quadrangularis in Korea and elsewhere worldwide.

The noise by the construction activities is one of the main issues in Korea. To prevent the noise from construction site, construction company installs temporary noise barriers along the construction site boundary. Normally sound insulation performance (R w ) of the temporary noise barriers made by metal or plastic is between 18 and 31 dB and metallic noise barriers are around 5 dB higher than plastic noise barriers. Sound absorption performance (NRC) of the temporary noise barriers are between 0.20 and 0.59 so it's difficult to characterize their acoustic performance. In this study, it has founded that sound insulation performance of the temporary noise barrier has been improved about 3dB by stick the high density acoustic sheet and insertion loss of noise barrier is getting increased as the source and receiver approached the temporary noise barriers. * 1. 서 론 환경부(환경부령 제321호)에서는 정온한 생활환경 조성을 위하여 2009년 1월부터 공사장소음 규제기준을 현행보다 5dB 강화하였다. 공사장으로부터 발생되는 소음을 줄이기 위하여 각 건설사에서는 음원의 인접한 위치에 방음시설을 설치하거나 공사장 부지경계선에 가설방음벽을 설치하는 등의 조치를 취하고 있다. 그러나 가설방음벽은 일반적으로 음향성능이 높지 않고 설치하는 높이도 낮기 때문에 인근 지역의 소음저감에 한계가 있다. 따라서 강화된 규제기준을 고려하면 가설방음벽의 소음저감효과를 현재보다 개선할 필요가 있다. 또 현재 가설방음벽의 기준으로 적용되고 있는 현장 삽입손실 †교신저자; 정회원, 대우건설기술연구원E-mail : jinyun97@dwconst.co.krTel : (031)250-1224, Fax : (031)250-1131* 대우건설기술연구원측정결과는 잔향실에서의 음향투과손실 측정결과로 예측할 수 없는 상황이므로 현장 소음예측 등에 사용하기 위해서는 실험실과 현장에서의 결과를 상호 적용하기 위한 방안이 필요하다.따라서 이 연구는 건설공사장에 설치되는 가설방음벽의 음향성능을 분석하고, 이를 통하여 실험실과 현장에서 상호 적용이 가능한 평가방법을 검토하며 향후 강화된 법규에 대응하기 위한 가설방음벽 성능향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

The dynamics of cellular heat production and propagation remains elusive at a subcellular level. Here we report the first small molecule fluorescent thermometer selectively targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER thermo yellow), with the highest sensitivity reported so far (3.9%/°C). Unlike nanoparticle thermometers, ER thermo yellow stains the target organelle evenly without the commonly encountered problem of aggregation and successfully demonstrates the ability to monitor intracellular temperature gradients generated by external heat sources in various cell types. We further confirm the ability of ER thermo yellow to monitor heat production by intracellular Ca2+ changes in HeLa cells. Our thermometer anchored at nearly-zero distance from the ER, i.e. the heat source, allowed the detection of the heat as it readily dissipated and revealed the dynamics of heat production in real time at a subcellular level.

The first fluorescent sensor for an illicit date rape drug, GBL, was developed and named Green Date. It shows high fluorescence enhancement to GBL and allows its detection in different drinks. The mechanism between GBL and Green Date was explored. This discovery may help to prevent the drug-facilitated sexual assault problems.

Novel structures of an near-infrared (NIR) tetraarylazadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) series have been prepared. We designed the core structure containing two amido groups at the para-position of the aromatic rings. The amido group was incorporated to secure insensitivity to pH and to ensure a bathochromic shift to the NIR region. Forty members of aza-BODIPY compounds were synthesized by substitution of the acetyl group with commercial amines on the alpha bromide. The physicochemical properties and photostability were investigated and the fluorescence emission maxima (745~755 nm) were found to be in the near infrared (NIR) range of fluorescence.

In the present study, annoyance caused by diverse construction noises was evaluated through surveys and laboratory experiments. A survey with a total of 100 construction workers was carried out to investigate annoyance from construction noises at different construction phases. Then, a number of noises from machinery that were evaluated in the survey as highly annoying were recorded from construction sites in Korea. Recorded construction noises were classified into four groups: stationary, fluctuating, intermittent, and impulsive, according to the temporal, psychoacoustical and spectral characteristics of the noises. A laboratory auditory experiment was then performed in order to quantify the total annoyance caused by individual construction noise and multiple construction noises. From the experiment, synthesis curves were derived for the relationship between noise levels and the percentage of highly-annoyed (%HA) and the percentage of annoyed (%A) for the combined noise sources.