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BackgroundInfluenza and Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection are common winter diseases in northern China, both of which have similar clinical symptoms. There are few studies on the infection of MP in individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI) .ObjectiveTo study the presence and drug resistance of MP in throat swabs from ILI patients.MethodsThroat swab specimens of 915 outpatients with ILI were collected from 17 grade A tertiary healthcare institutions in 15 regions of China (Weifang, Kaifeng, Harbin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Tianjin, Tongchuan, Xianyang, Qinhuangdao, Dandong, Hanzhong, Taiyuan, Benxi, Luohe, Nanyang) during two winters (one was from December 2018 to February 2019, and the other from December 2019 to February 2020) . The Influenza A+B Antigen Test Kit (Colloidal Gold) was used to identify influenza viral antigens. PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid from pneumonia pathogens. DNA sequencing was used to detect the drug-resistant gene associated with MP.ResultsOf the specimens, 578 were from children (

Glass antireflection membrane can effectively increase the collection and utilization of sunlight by daylighting equipment, and has been widely used in solar energy related fields. Therefore, exploring the development of high-performance glass antireflection membrane is an essential topic in the current energy utilization research. This paper introduces the general situation of the preparation technology of antireflection membrane internationally, especially the specific method of producing antireflection membrane of silica by sol-gel method in the research. According to the analysis of the results, the significance of membrane surfactant which is similar to Triton X-100 was obtained, and the development prospect of this technology was discussed.

Abstract Solutions of 200 mg L−1 cefalexin (CLX), an antibiotic with high usage frequency and biodegradation resistance, have been comparatively degraded by electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) processes using two kinds of activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathodes with different physical properties. These two ACFs shared similar pore volumes and pore diameters but varied BET surface areas, which were confirmed to be 0.5210 cm3 g−1, 2.26 nm and 921 m2 g−1 for ACF1, while 0.6508 cm3 g−1, 2.16 nm and 1206 m2 g−1 for ACF2, respectively. Their oxidation abilities were comparatively assessed in terms of degradation kinetics and mineralization rates, which increased in the order: ACF1-EF < ACF2-EF < ACF1-PEF < ACF2-PEF. These results confirmed the superiority of ACF with higher surface area, which was correlated to faster H 2 O 2 and OH accumulation in more reaction sites provided. After 120 min electrolysis, ACF1 exhibited 1510 μM H 2 O 2 and 37 μM OH accumulation, while ACF2 generated 1934 μM H 2 O 2 and 85 μM OH. Moreover, ACF cathode with more developed pore structure also revealed faster formation of degradation by-products like inorganic ions (NH 4 + and NO 3 − ions) and short-chain carboxylic acids (acetic, formic, oxamic and oxalic acids), as well as enhanced removal for partial acids. In order to gain a deeper understanding of degradation mechanisms for ACF2-PEF system, evolutions of six aromatic by-products generated from sulfoxidation, hydroxylation and decarboxylation were confirmed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS determination. Based on the above identifications of the degradation intermediates, a plausible reaction pathway for CLX removal was proposed. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Cefalexin was degraded by EAOPs with varied surface properties ACF cathodes. • Faster decay and higher mineralization achieved by larger specific area cathode. • ACF with higher specific area could promote H 2 O 2 and OH production. • Quicker by-products formation and elimination attained in more porous ACF cathode. • 6 aromatic products were detected and a plausible reaction pathway was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]