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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of crown fractures in immature permanent incisors due to trauma, and identify factors affecting their prognosisto provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University. The study subjects were patients admitted to the pediatric stomatology department from December 2011 to December 2021, and a retrospective analysis was conducted on young permanent teeth with anterior crown fracture caused by injury and followed up for at least 1 year, which were diagnosed as enamel fractures, enamel-dentin fractures, and complicated crown fracture and treated by observation, pulpotomy etc. in the first appointment. The age, sex and time elapsed from trauma to baseline visit of the patients and the location, mobility, stage of root development, diagnosis and treatments were collected. The occurrence of pulp infection, pulp necrosis, and other events in the affected tooth is defined as clinical failure. Record whether clinical failure occurred and the timing of their occurrence of the traumatized tooth. Analyze factors related to the prognosis of various types of crown fractures in young permanent incisors and performsurvival analysis on the affected teeth. Results Among 358 cases of young permanent incisors, 50 cases were diagnosed with enamel fracture, 176 cases with enamel-dentin fracture, and 132 cases with complicated crown fracture. The clinical success rate of crown fractures was 73.7% (264/358) in young permanent incisors. The incidence rates of clinical failure cases, including pulp infection and necrosis, were 4% (2/50) for enamel fractures, 33.3% (58/176) for enamel-dentin fractures, and 25.8% (34/132) for complicated crown fractures respectively. The clinical failure rate of enamel-dentin fracture treated with indirect pulp capping and restoration was higher than restoration only and pulpotomy (χ2 = 10.077, P = 0.004). The clinical failure rate of complicated crown fractures treated with direct pulp capping was higher than pulpotomy (χ2 = 5.501, P = 0.038). The clinical failure rates between observation, smoothing edges and restoration of enamel fractures exhibit no significant differences (χ2 = 0.588, P = 0.999). Risk factors for clinical failure in this study population included patient age over 9 years old (HR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.1-3.9, P = 0.017)、time elapsed from trauma to baseline visit greater than 3 days (HR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1-4.8, P = 0.028), traumatized teeth with mobility (HR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.2-3, P = 0.004), enamel-dentin fractures treated with restoration (HR = 6.89, 95%CI: 1.6-29.6, P = 0.010), enamel-dentin fractures treated with indirect pulp capping and restoration (HR = 13.8, 95%CI: 3.2-58.3, PHR = 46.07, 95%CI: 8-263.8, P

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODNs) are ligand molecules for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is expressed by odontoblasts in vitro and dental pulp cells. This study determined the effects of CpG-ODNs on pulpal immunomodulatory response and repair following injury. Briefly, the upper right first molars of three-week-old mice were extracted, immersed in Type A (D35) or B (K3) CpG-ODN solutions (0.1 or 0.8 mM) for 30 min, and then replanted. Pulpal healing and immunomodulatory activity were assessed by hematoxylin–eosin and AZAN staining, as well as immunohistochemistry. One week following the operation, inflammatory reactions occurred in all of the experimental groups; however, re-revascularization and newly formed hard tissue deposition were observed in the pulp chamber of all groups at week 2. A positive trend in the expression of immune cell markers was observed toward the CpG-ODN groups at 0.1 mM. Our data suggest that synthetic CpG-ODN solutions at low concentrations may evoke a long-lasting macrophage–TLR9-mediated pro-inflammatory, rather than anti-inflammatory, response in the dental pulp to modulate the repair process and hard tissue formation. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of current immunomodulatory agents in vitro and in vivo and develop treatment strategies for dental tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a global public health concern, impacting individuals of various age groups. This systematic review aimed to consolidate current evidence on TDI prevalence, providing insights for improved management and prevention strategies. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases for studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 1, 2024. Studies reporting on the prevalence of TDI in various populations were included. We followed PRISMA guidelines in the review process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study characteristics, and a random-effects model was applied in the meta-analysis using STATA version 14 to pool prevalence rates, while accounting for inter-study variability. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were conducted to assess publication bias. Results: The review included data of 151,205 patients from 30 studies across diverse healthcare settings. The prevalence rates varied significantly across studies, ranging from as low as 1.88% to as high as 86.98%. The overall pooled prevalence of TDI, calculated using a random effects model, was 19.48% (95% CI: 11.21% to 27.74%), indicating substantial heterogeneity among the studies (I-squared = 100.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence varied significantly across different healthcare settings and demographic groups. No evidence of publication bias was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the high prevalence of TDI and highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies and evidence-based interventions in dental trauma care.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between eye-tracking visual parameters and the precision of diagnoses and management for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in anterior teeth, utilizing CBCT to understand how visual observation is linked to cognitive processing. Material and Methods: A total of nineteen calibrated endodontic postgraduate residents participated in this study. They were subjected to an eye-tracking technology to analyze their interaction and interpretation of CBCT images. CBCT scans of maxillary teeth affected by TDIs were collected from individuals seeking treatment at the endodontic division of KAUD. Seven TDI cases were viewed through the Experiment Centre software, integrated with a SensoMotoric Instruments (SMI) eye-tracking device (Sensomotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany), capturing the participants’ eye movements as they analyzed CBCT image views. Clinical details were provided for each case, and residents formulated their diagnoses and management. The association between the parameters of eye-tracking behavior and the accuracy of both diagnosis and management was examined using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: A longer duration spent scanning the entire CBCT scan and a prolonged time until pathology detection were associated with accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, a significant association was not found between longer time spent on areas of interest or the number of revisits with the accurate diagnosis and management. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that detailed examination of CBCT scans enhances diagnostic precision and management for traumatic dental injuries, underscoring the potential of targeted training to improve diagnostic accuracy. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to confirm these findings.

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: What is the estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration in subtypes of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in deciduous and permanent teeth? The searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Grey Literature, and Google Scholar, and complemented by a manual search, until April 16th, 2023. Observational studies were selected based on population, exposure, and outcome (PEO) (P, deciduous or permanent teeth; E, TDI; O, pulp canal obliteration). Two reviewers (kappa 0.90) applied the eligibility criteria, extracted qualitative data, and assessed the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. A meta-analysis was performed using MedCalc 17.2. Thirty-four articles were selected after screening. The methodological quality was moderate to high. The estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was 27.6% (95%CI: 18.7–37.7) and 21.9% (95%CI:16.0–28.4), for permanent and deciduous teeth, respectively. Considering the TDI subtypes, the prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was higher in root fractures of the permanent teeth (78.6 %, 95%CI: 62.8–90.9) and lateral luxation injuries in deciduous teeth (29.4%, 95%CI:19.1–41.0). Our review of 34 articles of moderate and high methodological quality found that the prevalence of pulpal canal obliteration ranges from 21.9% to 27.6%. Pulp canal obliteration was most frequently detected following lateral luxation injuries of the deciduous teeth and root fractures of the permanent teeth (PROSPERO CRD42020179438).

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequently associated with an injury pattern that requires accurate diagnosis for developing the appropriate treatment plan. When children with special healthcare needs, i.e., Hemophilia experience TDIs, managing the situation becomes a challenging task for pediatric dentists due to the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach in their care. This case report highlights the successful management of extrusive luxation injury of a young permanent tooth with an open apex in an eight-year-old male child with severe Hemophilia A. After a follow-up of nine years, the pulp showed significant healing with physiological closure of the apical foramen. The study further emphasizes that timely management of such injuries can lead to improved tooth prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct restoration with monochromatic composite resin is a treatment option for teeth with coronal fracture after dentoalveolar trauma. This restorative material, in principle, is capable of mimicking the color of the dental substrate. This study aimed to report and discuss the technique of direct restoration with monochromatic composite resin, in a child patient. An 8-year-old male patient attended the Emergency Room of the Baby Clinic of the State University of Londrina for immediate treatment after dentoalveolar trauma that resulted in enamel and dentin fracture, without pulp involvement. As a procedure, restoration was performed with glass ionomer cement and referral to the institution's Dental Residency program. In this service, after case planning, the restoration of the coronal fracture of the substrates was performed with the insertion of multiple increments of the Vittra APS Unique (FGM) composite, with the aid of a silicone guide prepared based on a waxing model to facilitate the reestablishment of the palatal surface form and anatomy. In the clinical follow-up evaluation, the aesthetic and functional results obtained were considered highly satisfactory by patients, relatives and dental clinicians. Thus, it can be concluded that the option for monochromatic composite resin is a viable alternative to make it easier for the dental clinicians to perform the procedure and reduce the clinical time, a relevant fact because it is a case of caring for a pediatric dentistry patient.

Objective: To evaluate the quality, reliability and content of YouTube videos in Portuguese about dental trauma. Method: An infodemiological study was developed in which the first 60 videos found on YouTube with the terms “dental traumatism”, “dental trauma” and “broken tooth” were analyzed. Repeated videos, longer than one hour, in a language other than Portuguese, not intended for the lay public, resolution of questions, songs, interviews, shorts, and other subjects were excluded. The content of the videos was rated using a 23-point scale that classified them into low, moderate, and high content. Reliability was assessed using the modified DISCERN scale and the overall quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) scale. The numbers of likes, dislikes, comments and engagement were also accounted. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation test (α= 5%). Result: A total of 55 videos were included in the study. Most were posted by healthcare professionals (92.7%) and just over half (63.7%) were of good overall quality. There were moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlations between DISCERN and GQS scores (r=0.454), duration (r=0.575), and trauma content (r=0.510). Overall quality correlated moderately, positively, and significantly with content scores (r=0.604) and video length (r=0.467). Conclusion: A significant proportion of Portuguese videos on YouTube about dental trauma had low content, quality and reliability information.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dental caries in Brazilian preschool children aged 2 to 5 years. Material and Methods: The following independent variables were evaluated: dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusions. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression (p

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequently associated with an injury pattern that requires accurate diagnosis for developing the appropriate treatment plan. When children with special healthcare needs, i.e., Hemophilia experience TDIs, managing the situation becomes a challenging task for pediatric dentists due to the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach in their care. This case report highlights the successful management of extrusive luxation injury of a young permanent tooth with an open apex in an eight-year-old male child with severe Hemophilia A. After a follow-up of nine years, the pulp showed significant healing with physiological closure of the apical foramen. The study further emphasizes that timely management of such injuries can lead to improved tooth prognosis.

Objectives: Dental radiographs are a useful diagnostic aid in the oral health care and dental treatment of children. The most commonly used radiographs are periapical and panoramic radiographs. Occlusal radiographs are preferred in more specific cases. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the reasons for obtaining occlusal radiographs in pediatric patients. Material and methods: Occlusal radiographs of patients aged 1-13 years who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Dentistry between 01 August 2015 and 01 August 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with syndromes and diseases that could cause cleft lip and palate and dental anomalies were not included in the study. The medical history of the 354 patients who were included in the study was provided by the automated system. Results: A total of 359 occlusal radiographs from these patients were analysed. The number of male patients included in the study was 208 and the number of female patients was 146. Occlusal radiographs of the maxilla of 312 patients were taken, of the mandible of 37 patients, and both the upper and lower jaws of 5 patients. It was found that occlusal radiographs were taken mostly for dental trauma in the permanent dentition (156), injuries in the primary dentition (68) and for the diagnosis of dental anomalies (57). Conclusions: Occlusal radiographs are taken for specific situations in pediatric dentistry and are particularly useful in the detection and diagnosis of primary and permanent tooth injuries.

ABSTRACT Dental trauma can happen at any stage of life; however, it is very common in preschool and school aged children. Dislocation injuries in the primary dentition are the most commonly described traumatic dental injuries in the literature. Tooth displacement in the primary dentition is favored due to the greater porosity and resilience of the alveolar bone. Through the study of a clinical case, this article presents the clinical conduct performed in the case of trauma of lateral dislocation with involvement of a fracture of the buccal bone plate in order to assist the clinical practice of dentists who care for children. The treatment carried out in this clinical case study took into account the magnitude of the displacement, the degree of development of the tooth and its relationship with the permanent germ, the length of time since the trauma, and the degree of cooperation of the child in the face of the suggested treatment. This treatment does not only involve emergency intervention; the patient must undergo a radiographic clinical follow-up and control after 30, 60 and 120 days, as well as annually, until the Exfoliation of the deciduous tooth. The child’s health was restored aesthetically and functionally.

Intrusive dislocation is the most frequent type of traumatic injury in the primary dentition, characterized by displacement of the tooth into the alveolus. Intrusions require a thorough physical examination, radiographs of diagnostic value, and follow-up of the case, since the prognosis is unfavorable, mainly due to the probability of damage to the permanent tooth germ. This work aims to report a clinical case of intrusive dislocation in the primary dentition, from diagnosis to follow-up. This is a male patient, 3 years old, who attended the Emergency of the Children’s Specialty Clinic – State University of Londrina (UEL) due to dento-alveolar trauma in the antero-superior region that occurred three days ago. On clinical examination, tooth 61 had grade II intrusion (one-third of the crown visible), and tooth 62 had grade I intrusion, with more than one-third of the crown visible. Radiographically, a buccal inclination was observed, with no fracture of the bone plate. Thus, we opted for conservative treatment, waiting for the spontaneous re-eruption of the teeth involved. Furthermore, parents were informed about the possible consequences of this type of trauma and the need for clinical and radiographic follow-up consultations. After eight months of follow-up, the teeth erupted satisfactorily. It is extremely important to establish a protocol for observation and control of the traumatized tooth, observing signs and symptoms of the tissues involved in the trauma to reduce sequelae in both dentitions.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Physical Education students about tooth avulsion (TA) in both dentitions before and after receiving an informative leaflet (IL). Material and Methods: The questionnaire contained information about TA in dentition and its management and was applied to the Physical Education students before and after reading an IL. Results: A total of 118 students, 96.61%, attended a first aid course, and 17.80% received information about TA. Most students (88.98%) never had an experience with TA, and 90.68% considered its management important. The other questions, before and after reading the IL, respectively, were: would not perform deciduous tooth replantation (42%; 88%); knew how to handle the avulsed permanent tooth (APT) (38%; 92%); knew how to clean the APT (50%; 99%); knew that permanent tooth replantation (PTR) must be immediate (15%; 95%); knew the ideal time to seek for the dentist right after TA without performing PTR (6%; 83%); knew how to store APT (31%; 97%). Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education students in this research revealed a limited understanding of dental tooth avulsion. After receiving an informative leaflet, the students showed a significant improvement in knowledge about traumatic avulsion management, including tooth replantation and proper actions.

This case report describes a favorable healing outcome of the immediate management of an oblique tooth root fracture in the middle third concomitant with coronal fragment extrusion in a permanent maxillary left central incisor of a healthy 14-year-old female patient. The clinical exam showed incisal irregularity, local bleeding, increased mobility, and axial displacement of the maxillary left central incisor. The coronal fragment was repositioned and stabilized with a flexible splint for four weeks. The parents and the patient received medication prescriptions and instructions. Clinical and radiographic conditions remained satisfactory at the 4-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Thermal and percussion tests confirmed pulp vitality after 12 months. Hard tissue formation between segments was observed in the radiographic examination and cone-beam computed tomography. In conclusion, the immediate conservative therapeutic showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results.

Trauma to the teeth is a prevalentproblem in children that can lead todepression, psychosomaticissues, socialproblem,dysphasia and esthetic cancernsfor them. Dentists play a crucialrole in reducingthe side effects of dentaltrauma so that theirknowledge about the causes, preventionand treatment of such trumaisof paramount important. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the knowledgeand attitudeofgeneral dentists’ in Isfahan regardingthe management of dental trauma.Materials & Methods:The present study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire consisting of demographic information and general dentists' knowledge about the management and treatment of dental trauma (22 questions) and their attitudes towards the subject (11 questions). The questionnaire was completed by 125 general dentists in Isfahan city who were randomly selected in 2019. The data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p value < 0.05).Results:The mean score of general dentists’ knowledge was 13.65 ± 2.71and the mean score of attitude was 39.01 ± 5.98. Women had higher knowledge about dental trauma than men (p value = 0.002). There was also a negative correlation between age (p value = 0.001)and job experience (p value = 0.026) regarding dental trauma knowledge.Conclusion:General dentists’ knowledge, who worked in Isfahan, regarding the treatments of TDI in 2019 was at a moderate level. It is suggested that with holding dental trauma retraining courses about how to manage and urgent treat this traumas, thus being more hopeful to rescue these teeth by increasing the awareness of dentists

Background: Cycling is a risky sport in terms of dental injury. Immediate treatment of traumatized teeth is very critical for the prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of cyclists in Turkey about dental trauma and its emergency treatment. Methods: In the study, a total of 12 questions were asked in the online questionnaire directed to the participants in different cities in Turkey. The answers received were divided into three groups according to their cycling experience; Group 1: less than 5 years, Group 2: 6-10 years, and Group 3: more than 11 years, and evaluated with the Chi-square and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. P value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: According to the data obtained; It was determined that 31.8% of the participants in Group 3 and 10.4% of the participants in Group 2 did not use protective equipment while cycling (P

Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines.

The incidence of patients affected by dental trauma is quite frequent. The treatment of choice should be selected according to the severity level of dental trauma in odontology. Periapical injuries caused by trauma can lead to a rupture of the pulpal blood supply. The objective of the present paper is to present a clinical case of endodontic therapy on two necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion resulting from dental trauma. A 36-year-old patient, male, melanoderma, normosystemic, attended the Nilton Lins University Dental Clinic reporting anterior region discomfort on chewing. He also complained about his smile due to tooth darkening. Sensibility tests were performed, confirming a state of necrosis in teeth 11 and 12. In the periapical radiographs, the teeth presented a radiolucent, circumscribed image delimited in the root apex region, suggesting periapical injury. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, the proposed treatment was pulpectomy with subsequent endogenous bleaching. The endodontic intervention was performed in two sessions after exposure to intracanal medication and endogenous bleaching in four sessions, using the association of 37% Whiteness carbamide peroxide and 20% Whiteness sodium perborate. The success or failure of endodontic treatment with a periapical lesion is related to the control of the infection associated with the healing response, whether partial or total. The treatment proved effective after one year of follow-up, supported by the clinical characteristics combined with the radiographic findings, promoting the return of the teeth to their aesthetic and functional capacities, meeting the expected expectations. The patient is under follow-up.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics of physical education professionals, their knowledge on dental trauma, and related first aid management. It is well known that physical activities may pose dental trauma risks, and urgent care is essential to minimize damages. Methods: Exploratory research with descriptive nature and quantitative approach. The sample was selected by convenience and comprised 31 physical education professionals. A structured questionnaire developed on Google Forms® system was sent to the participants. The collected data were organized and analyzed. Results: Among the total sample, only 5 (16.1%) had information on the subject. When asked about specific actions to manage dental trauma, only few participants stated to the most appropriate approach. Conclusion: There is a widespread lack of knowledge on dental trauma and the correct and immediate management of such injuries. As these injuries occur frequently in the target population of their daily work, this lack of preparation can hinder and undermine the work of the dentist and cause irreversible harm to the victims.

ABSTRACT Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been indicated for apexification because it has desirable properties such as excellent biocompatibility, low solubility and dimensional stability. This procedure consists of inducing root apex formation in teeth with incomplete root formation. This article reports a case of trauma in a young dental element, with necrotic pulp and incomplete root formation. For its treatment, apexification with white MTA was performed, which showed excellent results in inducing the continuity of root formation with mineralized tissue in the apical portion. Therefore, MTA is a viable option for apexification, bringing as its main advantage, faster treatment and immediate coronary rehabilitation of the dental element.

Midline diastema has been a popular aesthetic problem for children. Several treatment options are available, however, the use of elastic bands without other appliances for closing the diastema still remains a pressing issue in Vietnam, which could be done by the patient’s parents either themselves or under the dental practitioners’ suggestion. Objective: To report a specific case about the extensive extrusion regarding upper central incisors in a pediatric patient due to misusing the elastic band, in which management was complex due to an unfavorable situation for splinting. Case Report: Single rubber band usage for orthodontic movement in closing diastema has been an unresolved disaster in Vietnam, leading to the need for early diagnosis and immediate intervention when facing the complications. Conclusion: Significant information dissemination is paramount for long-term improvement in the oral health of pediatric patients in Vietnam and around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The increasing significance of medicolegal evaluation following maxillofacial traumatic events constitutes a complex issue. This clinical research aimed to assess the current etiology of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Portuguese population. Material and methods: An epidemiological clinical observational study was conducted in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte on a sample of 384 subjects diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial trauma, between 2018 and 2020. Data were collected through clinical reports and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Women and men were nearly identical in the number and distribution, with 49.5% females and 50.5% males. In 2020, there was a decrease in the number of traumatic incidents compared to other years. Falls or accidental descents were found to be the most common cause of injury, accounting for 44.3%, followed by assaults accounting for 24.7%. A total of 84 subjects exhibited soft tissue injuries related to periodontal region. The upper central incisors (174) were the most frequently affected teeth with uncomplicated fractures, and the predominant form of treatment was the administration of pain medication. Conclusion: A correlation between falls or accidental descents, female subjects, and advancing age, as well as between assaults, male subjects, and adults, has been established. Falls or accidental descents and assault were the predominant etiologies, and the year 2020 exhibited a decrease in the incidents of traumatic events.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features of pediatric dental injury according to age groups using Korean national data. Methods We reviewed the data from 2015 to 2019 Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry, which involves 23 emergency departments in Korea. We included children aged 18 years or younger with the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision codes related to dental injury. Other or combined codes were excluded. The children were classified by age groups: infants (< 1 year), preschoolers (2-6), schoolers (7-12), and adolescents (13-18). As per the age groups, we compared the clinical characteristics, injury event profiles, and outcomes. Results The study population (n = 33,020) consisted of 8,900 infants (27.0%), 15,705 preschoolers (47.6%), 5,295 schoolers (16.0%), and 3,120 adolescents (9.4%). Their median age was 3 years (interquartile range, 1-7), and boys accounted for 64.2%. The most common mechanism, type of activity, and place were slip down (14,274 [43.2%]), daily activity (23,777 [72.0%]), and home (19,980 [60.5%]), respectively. Among the injury types, soft tissue injury was most common (24,357 [73.8%]). As for the outcomes, 32,841 (99.5%) children were discharged, and 332 (1.0%) children had severe injury. As the age increased, the frequencies changed as follows. As for the place and type, household injury and soft tissue injury decreased while outdoor injury, such as road traffic injury, and tooth fracture increased (P < 0.001). As for the type of activity, injuries related to exercise/sports and education increased (P < 0.001). Of the sports activity, ball sports increased while kickboard/cycle decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion Using the epidemiologic features of pediatric dental injury, it is advisable to establish injury prevention strategies according to the age groups.

Abstract Background Dental trauma is common among children. It has negative effects on a child’s quality of life. Parental knowledge, especially among mothers is an important factor for the long-term success of this emergency. This study aimed to investigate mothers’ knowledge and self-reported performance regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 277 mothers of children (8–12 years) attending the pediatrics department of Alborz dental school were studied by convenience sampling. The participants completed a valid reliable questionnaire about the management of traumatic dental injuries. The predictor variables were the child’s gender, maternal education and employment status, economic status, and accommodation status. The outcome variables were the mothers’ knowledge about the management of traumatic dental injuries (Eight statements with 10 scores) and self-reported performance including four case scenarios of traumatic dental injury (Five questions with 7 scores). Data were analyzed by T-test or One-way ANOVA to test the within-group changes, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Linear multiple regression to examine the effect of predictor variables on maternal knowledge and self-reported performance. Results The mean score of mothers’ knowledge was 3.43; SD = 1.58 (total score ranged from 0 to 10). The mean score of mothers’ performance was 3.38; SD = 1.2 (total score ranged from 0 to 7). Mothers who work (p

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long-term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The consequences of traumatic dental injuries can be even more serious when their emergency management procedures are inadequate. Since traumatic accidents frequently occur at school, it is crucial that teachers be knowledgeable enough to assist an injured child. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the elementary school teachers of a Brazilian city toward dental trauma in permanent teeth, and its emergency practices. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling methods was used. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media, consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics and professional information; previous experiences and attitudes toward dental trauma; teachers’ knowledge of this subject. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out. Pearson chi-squared test (p < 0.05) was used. A total of 217 teachers participated in the study. The power of the sample was 95%. Half of the teachers had already witnessed a dental trauma incident involving students, and 70.5% never received any information on the subject. The teachers who were provided previous information were the ones who opted to search for the tooth fragment (p=0.036) in cases of crown fracture, and for the lost tooth (p = 0.025) in cases of avulsion. They were also the ones who chose to wash the tooth in running water (p = 0.018), and look for a dentist in the first 30 or 60 minutes after the trauma (p = 0.026). Most of the teachers assessed did not have adequate knowledge of dental trauma. Having previous information was associated with more assertive practices in trauma management.

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long–term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p

Skull specimens from 836 kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria; 559 specimens were included in this study. The study group consisted of 248 (44.4%) females, 267 (47.8%) males and 44 (7.9%) specimens of unknown sex; 128 (22.9%) skulls were from young adults and 431 (77.1%) were from adults. Of the 23,478 possible teeth, 21,883 teeth (93.2%) were present for examination, 45 (1.9%) were absent congenitally, 405 (1.7%) were acquired losses and 1,145 (4.9%) were missing artefactually. No persistent deciduous teeth were observed. Eight (0.04%) supernumerary teeth were found in seven (1.3%) specimens and 13 (0.06%) teeth from 12 (2.1%) specimens were malformed. Root number variation was present in 20.3% (403/1,984) of the present maxillary and mandibular first premolar teeth. Eleven (2.0%) foxes had lesions consistent with enamel hypoplasia and 77 (13.8%) had fenestrations in the maxillary alveolar bone. Periodontitis and attrition/abrasion affected the majority of foxes (71.6% and 90.5%, respectively). Nine-hundred and fifty-eight (4.4%) teeth were fractured, a large proportion (41.8%) of which were characterized as complicated crown fractures. Sixty-six periapical lesions from 52 (9.3%) skulls were found. A considerable portion of foxes (5.9%) showed evidence of low-grade temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Overall, kit foxes share dental pathology similar to that of the grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus).

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to present a clinical case of a pediatric patient with ASD who had experienced dental trauma and underwent dental treatment in a hospital environment under general anesthesia. A 10-year-old male patient who was Brazilian and had leukoderma was diagnosed with ASD at three years of age, he experienced trauma to the upper teeth, with avulsion of tooth 12 and extrusive displacement of tooth 11, after being run over by a car in February 2017. He was immediately taken to the emergency room, where he was seen by a dentist and he was immediately transferred to Hospital. In the out-patient clinic of this hospital, with the aid of protective stabilization and infiltrative anesthesia, tooth 12 was reimplanted 40 minutes after trauma and restrained with composite resin. He continued treatment in another city and Endodontic and paraendodontic treatment of teeth 11 and 12 was performed under general anesthesia. Follow-ups with the patient are continuing, with the last control periapical radiograph taken in January 2020. In this case, the proposed dental treatment was successful and did not lead to any complications.

The consequences of traumatic dental injuries can be even more serious when their emergency management procedures are inadequate. Since traumatic accidents frequently occur at school, it is crucial that teachers be knowledgeable enough to assist an injured child. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the elementary school teachers of a Brazilian city toward dental trauma in permanent teeth, and its emergency practices. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling methods was used. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media, consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics and professional information; previous experiences and attitudes toward dental trauma; teachers' knowledge of this subject. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out. Pearson chi-squared test (p < 0.05) was used. A total of 217 teachers participated in the study. The power of the sample was 95%. Half of the teachers had already witnessed a dental trauma incident involving students, and 70.5% never received any information on the subject. The teachers who were provided previous information were the ones who opted to search for the tooth fragment (p=0.036) in cases of crown fracture, and for the lost tooth (p = 0.025) in cases of avulsion. They were also the ones who chose to wash the tooth in running water (p = 0.018), and look for a dentist in the first 30 or 60 minutes after the trauma (p = 0.026). Most of the teachers assessed did not have adequate knowledge of dental trauma. Having previous information was associated with more assertive practices in trauma management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p<0.05). Results: 362 primary and successor teeth were followed. Sequelae were present in 71.8% of primary teeth and 25.7% of their successors. Teeth with complicated fracture (100%), extrusion (100%) and avulsion (100%) resulted in the largest amounts of sequelae in primary teeth and intrusion (61%) on their successors. Age was associated with sequelae in permanent teeth (p<0.01). Extrusion (OR 10.06; CI 2.12-47.63) and intrusion (OR 7.51; CI 2.73- 20.70) had a higher risk to cause sequelae in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. Conclusion: The type of injury involved influenced the sequelae in traumatized teeth and their successors, and the age of the child influenced the presence of sequelae in permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental trauma is a public health problem because of its high prevalence rates and treatment costs and for affecting mainly younger individuals. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the variables associated with dental trauma and its influence on oral health-related quality of life among 7th-grade students of public elementary schools. Methods: The data was collected with semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires and an intraoral clinical examination (n = 204). The variables collected regarded dental trauma, lip coverage, overjet, oral health-related quality of life (Child Perceptions Questionnaire - CPQ11-14 ISF: 8), and sociodemographic profile. Association tests and the Mann-Whitney test were performed at a 5% significance level. Results: Dental trauma occurred in 12.3% of students, 94.6% had adequate lip coverage, and the mean overjet was 2.7 mm (±2.0). Sex was the only variable with a statistically significant association with dental trauma (p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant difference in the CPQ11-14 ISF: 8 score between students with and without dental trauma (p = 0.136). Conclusions: Dental trauma was significantly associated with sex and did not impact the oral health-related quality of life of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a pathological process that occurs in the external cervical region of the root, and its etiology is still uncertain, despite having a strong relationship with dental trauma. Most cases of ICR occur in maxillary anterior teeth, being a pathology difficult to diagnose since the entrance port may not be visualized on conventional radiographs, requiring the use of computed tomography for a correct diagnosis. In addition, a correct approach to the lesion during treatment, using technologies such as an operating microscope and ultrasonic device for better visualization and access to the area of resorption, is of fundamental importance to obtain satisfactory results. The use of drugs and materials that allow for adequate cleaning and filling of the lesion, favoring repair, also make treatment challenging. The objective of this article is to present a clinical case of ICR with pulp involvement, where conventional endodontic treatment with the most varied technologies and the use of modern, biocompatible and bioactive materials were the option for the case, with a view to the success of the therapeutic plan. instituted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Dental trauma is a common problem seen in children. Since schools are one of the main places where traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur, school health care providers have an important role to reduce the possible consequences. The study aimed at examining the awareness and attitudes of elementary school health-care providers about the emergency management of TDIs in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all health-care providers of elementary schools in Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) by the SPSS 26 software. Results: Regarding emergency management of traumatic dental injures, the scores of health care providers' knowledge and health care providers' attitude were 65% and 86.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the level of knowledge and a length of service, gender, and the educational level. Conclusions: The elementary school health-care providers did not have a high level of awareness about how to deal with TDIs.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are one of the most common dental problems among children and adolescents, which usually occur in the anterior parts of the mouth and have great impact on the patient's physical and mental health. Therefore, dentist's knowledge and effective measures in the treatment of TDI are the most important factors in improving the prognosis of these teeth. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists working in Bojnurd and also 6th-year dental students about the treatment of such injuries. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was provided to 70 general dentists and 6th-year dental students, including personal information and questions related to the knowledge of general dentists, on how to deal with various TDIs by available methods. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and analysis of variance, Spearman's, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Regarding general dentists' knowledge about dentoalveolar trauma: 39 (55.7%) were moderate, 28 (40%) were good, and 3 (4.3%) were excellent. The mean value knowledge of dentists and dental students was 8.18 ± 1.98. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, place of work, university of study, desire for education, and self-evaluation of dentists and level of awareness (P = 0.26, P = 0.61, P = 0.47, P = 0.93, P = 0.35, and P = 0.57, respectively). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that majority of the participants are moderately aware of TDIs and the type of treatment, and due to the increasing prevalence of dental trauma and its high complications, especially in children, the need to make appropriate plans to update the level of knowledge of general dentists in the management and treatment of TDI increases.

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of traumatic dental injuries among children, adolescents, and adults. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study of children and adults who presented with dental trauma. Data utilized for this study were sociodemographic characteristics, history of the traumatic incident, presenting complaints, traumatized teeth and classification of the traumatized tissues using Ellis and Davey’s classification. Results: A total of 163 participants with 307 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The participants' age ranged from 2 years to 75 years, with a mean age of 25.36 ±15.4 years. Children 40 years (16.6%). A higher proportion of the study participants were female 83 (50.9%) and the most prevalent complaint was broken teeth (57.1%) The most prevalent aetiology of the trauma documented was fall (36.2%). The most prevalent injury type was extended crown fracture with noticeable dentinal involvement without pulp exposure. There was a statistically significant association between injury type, aetiology and age group. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries affect children, adolescents and adults alike. The central incisors were the most vulnerable teeth across all age groups. Age was significantly associated with the etiology of dental trauma and injury type.

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental trauma patient attendance. The study was registered in the PROSPERO system, using the CRD42021288398 protocol. Searching was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and OpenGrey databases, using the following keywords: “Tooth injuries,” “Dental trauma,” “Traumatic Dental injury,” and “COVID-19". We included observational studies evaluating dental trauma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4 software with Odds Ratios as a pooled measure of effect, with a 95% confidence interval, and using random-effects modeling. After applying the eligibility criteria, 32 studies were included for qualitative analysis, in which 10 were used to assess the frequency of dental trauma diagnoses in dental emergencies. Despite the decrease of visits during COVID-19, the analysis revealed no difference between the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Regarding the type of dental trauma, two of the studies revealed no differences for the periods before and during the pandemic. This study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted the frequency or type of dental trauma compared to previous periods.