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Proliferating trichilemmal (pilar) cysts, also known as pilar tumors, are most commonly found on the scalp of elderly women. Proliferating trichilemmal cysts are rare, slowly growing, lobular masses inherited autosomal dominantly and localized on scalps, and believed to arise due to a complication of a trauma and inflammation, and 5-10% of people are reported to be effected. Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old woman with a 23-year history of multiple enlarging scalp masses. Clinically, squamous cell carcinoma was considered in the differential diagnosis, and the lesion was totally excised. Our case emphasizes the necessity for detailed clinical and pathological correlation for differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether there was an increase in the number of postoperative complications in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty depending on the technique used (i.e., pedicle type, skin incision pattern), existence of concomitant diseases, and presence of other risk factors., Materials and Methods: A total of 186 patients who underwent breast reduction between 2013 and 2018 (bilateral, n = 170; unilateral, n = 16) were included in the study. A retrospective review of the data of patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty, which was performed by the same surgical team in a single institution over a 6-year period, was carried out. Superomedial, superior, and inferior pedicles were used in 99, 55, and 32 patients, respectively. The median follow-up period was 4 years., Results: The median patient age was 45 (range: 16-75) years. The median total reduction weight was 2,194 (range: 80-4,800) grams. The median distance between the sternal notch and nipple was 31 cm (range: 24-45 cm) for the right breast and 30 cm (range: 22-45 cm) for the left breast. The overall complication rate was 6.9%. The complication rates in patients with and without any concomitant diseases were 10.2% and 4.6%, respectively. The overall complication rate was significantly higher in patients with smoking habit, accessory breasts, progesterone use, cerebrovascular disease, morbid obesity (Body Mass Index ≥40 kg/m 2 ), and thalassemia., Conclusion: Our analysis shows that the presence of concomitant diseases increases the risk for postoperative complications in patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty. Our findings do not suggest that any of the techniques have significant superiority to each other in terms of pedicle safety and overall complication rate., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (©Copyright 2021 by Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Associations.)

In this study, we have evaluated the efficiency of fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of vaginal laxity and urinary incontinence. Thirty patients with vaginal laxity, sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence complaints were treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser. Results were evaluated with patient questionnaires relating to comfort during the procedure and general satisfaction following the procedure. In the survey regarding comfort during the procedure, 90% ( n :27) of the patients reported that they were comfortable during the procedure. The survey on the level of general satisfaction six months following the procedure revealed high-moderate level of satisfaction in 86% ( n :26) of the patients. 66% ( n :20) of the patients reported improved vaginal tightness and 63% ( n :19) of the patients reported improvement in the quality of their sexual activity. Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire(PISQ-12) scores six months following the procedure were not significantly different when compared to the scores prior to the procedure. The average of Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis(QUID) score prior to the procedure and six months following the procedure was 7.5 and 0.9 respectively ( p  < 0.05). Fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment results in high level of satisfaction and improvement in vaginal laxity, sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence symptoms in patients with genitourinary syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of primary nerve repair using either ethyl-cyanoacrylate or conventional microsuture technique in a rat peripheral nerve injury model., Methods: In this study, a total of 30 Wistar Albino rats weighing between 220 and 275 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 in each), including one control (group 1) and two experimental groups (group 2, conventional microsuture repair; group 3, cyanoacrylate repair). In each group, the sciatic nerve was identified and transected. No further intervention was performed in group 1. The nerve was repaired using the epineural technique with a 10/0 atraumatic nylon in group 2 and synthetic cyanoacrylate adhesive in group 3. At the fifth postoperative week, needle electromyography (EMG) was performed to measure distal latency, combined muscle action potential (CMAP), and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). Following the EMG recordings, animals were euthanized. Nerve samples were collected to evaluate vacuolar degeneration, fibrosis, and foreign body reaction histopathologically., Results: In the EMG analysis, mean distal latency was significantly shorter in group 1 (0.85±0.09 ms) than in groups 2 (1.17±0.25 ms) (p=0.0052) and 3 (1.14±0.14 ms) (p=0.0026) while no significant differences existed between groups 2 and 3 (p>0.9999). The mean CMAP was greater in group 1 (10.5±0.35 mV) than in groups 2 (2.86±1.28 mV) (p=0.011) and 3 (2.16±1.34 mV) (p=0.0002), but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p>0.9999). The mean MNCV was 53.5±5.95, 39.62±7.31, and 39.84±4.73 mm/sec in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0052) and between 1 and 3 (p=0.0026), but not between 2 and 3 (p>0.9999). In the histopathological evaluation, the mean vacuolar degeneration score was 0, 2.12, and 1.88 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No obvious difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.743). The mean fibrosis score was 0, 1.62, and 1.77 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.888). The mean foreign body reaction score was 0, 2.5, and 2.44 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No difference was present between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.743)., Conclusion: Primary nerve repair using the cyanoacrylate adhesive may provide similar electrophysiological and histopathological results as compared to the conventional microsuture repair.

Glomus tumours are benign soft tissue neoplasms. In this paper, we present a case with subungual glomus tumour. Transungual resection was performed to remove tumour. The patient was doing well 6 months after the surgery with no sign of recurrence or nail deformity., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)