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Purpose: Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is used to increase hamstring muscle strength, prevent injuries. We aimed to reveal the acute, long-term effects of NHE, followed by detraining on demographic measurements, flexibility, anaerobic power, damage, fatigue, oxidative stress, blood lactate levels. Material and method: A total of 40 sedentary healthy male participated the experiments. 20 of them underwent 10 weeks of progressive NHE followed by detraining. Muscle architecture was determined by ultrasonography, strain ratio by elastography. Anaerobic power was assessed by standing long jump, vertical jump, flexibility by sit reach tests. Creatine kinase activity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters were measured from venous blood by commercial kits. Results: NHE allowed subjects to lose weight, which was reversed by detraining of 5 weeks. Exercise caused an increase in knee angles that wasn't affected by detraining. 10-week NHE caused a partially reversed increase in anaerobic performance upon detraining. NHE resulted in increment of biceps femoris long head area, pennation angle which were reversed by detraining of 10-weeks. Blood lactate, muscle pain, fatigue were increased after each exercise session. NHE didn't change oxidative stress but, 5-week detraining resulted in an increase in total oxidant capacity, oxidative stress index. Detraining of 10 weeks caused a reduction of these parameters. Conclusions: It has been observed that most of the gains obtained with 10-week progressive NHE are reversed with 5-week detraining. These results may guide the selection of the exercise type to increase performance and muscle strength.

Erken, Gülten (Balikesir Author), Amaç: Germe egzersizi, fleksibilite ve performansı geliştirmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, germe egzersizinin eritrosit deformabilite ve agregasyonu, fleksibilite ve performans üzerindeki kısa ve uzun süreli etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya ortalama yaşları 20.71±0.52 yıl olan 7 genç, erkek denek katılmıştır. Germe protokolü 60 saniyelik, 3 tekrarlı, haftada 3 gün olmak üzere 6 hafta uygulanmıştır. Kan örnekleri ilk egzersizden önce, hemen sonra ve 6. haftanın sonunda egzersiz bitiminde alınmıştır. Deneklere ters yönde çömelme ve sıçrama ile esneklik ölçümleri ve sprint testleri uygulanmıştır. Hemoreolojik parametreler ektasitometre aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Deneklerin esneklik ölçümlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir yükselme, sprint zamanında ise azalma gözlenmiştir. İlk gün egzersiz sonrası eritrosit deformabilitesinde istatistiksel olarak önemli olmayan akut bir artış gözlenmiştir. 6. hafta sonunda son egzersizi takiben ise eritrosit deformabilitesinde hafif bir düşüş tespit edilmiştir. Eritrosit agregasyonu ilk egzersiz sonrası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde azalmış, 6. haftada egzersiz sonrası ise artmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, sporcuların fiziksel kapasitelerini geliştirmek için uygulanan germe egzersiz eğitiminin, kan akımının düzenlenmesine ve eritrosit deformabilitesinde akut artışlar, agregasyonunda ise azalmalar sağlayarak bireylerin atletik performansına katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir, Purpose: Stretching exercise training is used to improve flexibility and performance. This study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effects of stretching exercise on flexibility, performance, red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. Materials and methods: 7 young male subjects (mean age 20.71±0.52 years) participated in the study. Stretching protocol consisted of 3 repetitions for 60 seconds, 3 days/week, applied for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the first stretching exercise and on the last day of the program. Flexibility measurement was performed, as well as counter movement, squat jump, sprint tests. Hemorheological parameters were determined using an ektacytometer.Results: A significant elevation in flexibility and decrement in sprint time were observed. Following an acute insignificant elevation immediately after the exercise on the first day, RBC deformability was slightly decreased on the last day after the exercise. RBC aggregation significantly decreased immediately after the stretching exercise on the first day, while post-exercise elevation was detected on the 6th week. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that the stretching exercise training used to develop physical capacity of the athletes contributes to blood flow and thus, athletic performance of the individual by inducing acute increments in RBC deformability and through decrements in erythrocyte aggregation

WOS: 000360810100080 Background: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise followed by detraining on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) expression, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to explain the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in this process. Material/Methods: Animals were randomized into exercised and detrained groups. Corresponding sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1–2. Swimming of 60 min/5 days/week for 10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued training for an additional 5 weeks. Gene and protein expressions were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Aorta HO-2 histological scores (HSCORE) of hypertensive rats were lower, while SBP was higher. Swimming caused enhancement of HO-2 immunostaining in aorta endothelium and adventitia of SHR. Exercise induced elevation of blood COHb index in SHR. Synchronous BP lowering effect of exercise was observed. HO-2 mRNA expression, HSCORE, and blood COHb index were unaltered during detraining, while SBP was still low in SHR. Conclusions: CO synthesized by HO-2 at least partly plays a role in SBP regulation in the SHR- and BP-lowering effect of exercise. Regular exercise with short-term pauses may be advised to both hypertensives and individuals who are at risk.