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9. A Century of Drought in Hawaiʻi: Geospatial Analysis and Synthesis across Hydrological, Ecological, and Socioeconomic Scales

Author

Frazier, Abby G., primary, Giardina, Christian P., additional, Giambelluca, Thomas W., additional, Brewington, Laura, additional, Chen, Yi-Leng, additional, Chu, Pao-Shin, additional, Berio Fortini, Lucas, additional, Hall, Danielle, additional, Helweg, David A., additional, Keener, Victoria W., additional, Longman, Ryan J., additional, Lucas, Matthew P., additional, Mair, Alan, additional, Oki, Delwyn S., additional, Reyes, Julian J., additional, Yelenik, Stephanie G., additional, and Trauernicht, Clay, additional

Published
2022
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17. Bringing multiple values to the table: assessing future land-use and climate change in North Kona, Hawaiʻi

Author

Bremer, Leah L., primary, Mandle, Lisa, additional, Trauernicht, Clay, additional, Pascua, Puaʻala, additional, McMillen, Heather L., additional, Burnett, Kimberly, additional, Wada, Christopher A., additional, Kurashima, Natalie, additional, Quazi, Shimona A., additional, Giambelluca, Thomas, additional, Chock, Pia, additional, and Ticktin, Tamara, additional

Published
2018
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18. Local and global pyrogeographic evidence that indigenous fire management creates pyrodiversity

Author

Trauernicht, Clay, Brook, Barry W., Murphy, Brett P., Williamson, Grant J., Bowman, David M. J. S., Trauernicht, Clay, Brook, Barry W., Murphy, Brett P., Williamson, Grant J., and Bowman, David M. J. S.

Abstract

Despite the challenges wildland fire poses to contemporary resource management, many fire-prone ecosystems have adapted over centuries to millennia to intentional landscape burning by people to maintain resources. We combine fieldwork, modeling, and a literature survey to examine the extent and mechanism by which anthropogenic burning alters the spatial grain of habitat mosaics in fire-prone ecosystems. We survey the distribution of Callitris intratropica, a conifer requiring long fire-free intervals for establishment, as an indicator of long-unburned habitat availability under Aboriginal burning in the savannas of Arnhem Land. We then use cellular automata to simulate the effects of burning identical proportions of the landscape under different fire sizes on the emergent patterns of habitat heterogeneity. Finally, we examine the global extent of intentional burning and diversity of objectives using the scientific literature. The current distribution of Callitris across multiple field sites suggested long-unburnt patches are common and occur at fine scales (<0.5 ha), while modeling revealed smaller, patchy disturbances maximize patch age diversity, creating a favorable habitat matrix for Callitris. The literature search provided evidence for intentional landscape burning across multiple ecosystems on six continents, with the number of identified objectives ranging from two to thirteen per study. The fieldwork and modeling results imply that the occurrence of long-unburnt habitat in fire-prone ecosystems may be an emergent property of patch scaling under fire regimes dominated by smaller fires. These findings provide a model for understanding how anthropogenic burning alters spatial and temporal aspects of habitat heterogeneity, which, as the literature survey strongly suggests, warrant consideration across a diversity of geographies and cultures. Our results clarify how traditional fire management shapes fire-prone ecosystems, which despite diverse objectives, ha

Published
2015

21. Bringing multiple values to the table: assessing future land-use and climate change in North Kona, Hawai'i.

Author

Quazi, Shimona A., Ticktin, Tamara, Bremer, Leah L., McMillen, Heather L., Kurashima, Natalie, Burnett, Kimberly, Wada, Christopher A., Mandle, Lisa, Trauernicht, Clay, Pascua, Pua'ala, Chock, Pia, and Giambelluca, Thomas

Subjects
*AGROFORESTRY, *FOREST restoration, *ECOSYSTEM services, *CULTURAL activities, *LAND use
Abstract

As ecosystem service assessments increasingly contribute to decisions about managing Earth's lands and waters, there is a growing need to understand the diverse ways that people use and value landscapes. However, these assessments rarely incorporate the value of landscapes to communities with strong cultural and generational ties to place, precluding inclusion of these values- alongside others-into planning processes. We developed a process to evaluate trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem services across land-use scenarios and under climate change in North Kona, Hawai'i, a tropical dry ecosystem where water, fire, biodiversity and cultural values are all critical considerations for land management decisions. Specifically, we combined participatory deliberative methods, ecosystem service models, vegetation surveys and document analysis to evaluate how cultural services, regulating services (groundwater recharge, landscape flammability reduction), biodiversity and revenue: (1) vary across four land-use scenarios (pasture, coffee, agroforestry and native forest restoration) and (2) are expected to vary with climate change (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 mid-century scenario). The native forest restoration scenario provided high cultural, biodiversity, and ecosystem service value, whereas coffee's strongest benefit was monetary return. The agroforestry scenario offered the greatest potential in terms of maximizing multiple services. Pasture had relatively low ecological and economic value but, as with native forest and agroforestry, held high value in terms of local knowledge and cultural connection to place. Climate change amplified existing vulnerabilities for groundwater recharge and landscape flammability, but resulted in few shifts in the ranking of land-use scenarios. Our results demonstrate that cultural services need not be sacrificed at the expense of other management objectives if they are deliberately included in land-use planning from the start. Meaningfully representing what matters most to diverse groups of people, now and under a changing climate, requires greater integration of participatory methods into ecosystem service analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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22. Shu Swamp.

Author

Trauernicht, Clay

Subjects
Ecology, Swamps
Abstract

Situated a mere 12 miles (20 kilometers) from New York City, Shu Swamp is one of the few remaining intact red maple-blackgum swamps on Long Island. The name Shu is a corruption of the Dutch word sheogh, which means “cascading waters.” This type of wetland can be found along the North Atlantic coast of the United States from New Jersey to New Hampshire. In New York State, red maple-blackgum swamps are restricted to 20 or 30 sites, primarily on Long Island.

Published
2022

23. Guyanan Savanna.

Author

Trauernicht, Clay

Subjects
Grasslands, Ecology, Savannas
Abstract

The Guyanan savanna is a heterogeneous system of mixed tropical grasslands and forests covering approximately 21,236 square miles (55,000 square kilometers) of northeastern South America. Researcher J. G. Myers formally described the ecosystem in 1936 as the Rio Branco–Rupununi savannas, named for the two major river systems in the region. The Pakaraima Mountains (Sierra de Pacaraima in Spanish) bound the savannas to the north in Guyana and the west in Venezuela. The Amazon rainforest marks the southern boundary of the Guyanan savanna.

Published
2024

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