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Objective: As a member of the human herpesvirus family, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily replicates in lymphocytes but also may replicate in the epithelial cells of the pharynx and parotid duct. The infection is spread primarily by saliva and the incubation period is four to eight weeks. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a clinical syndrome caused by EBV that is particularly common in adolescents and children. Typical features of IM include fever, pharyngitis, adenopathy, malaise, and an atypical lymphocytosis. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and splenic rupture can occur. The platelet mass index (PMI) is related to platelet functionality and platelet function has an effect on the inflammation cascade. This study is planned to examine the role of PMI in the pre-diagnosis of IM. Methods: Between the years 2010-2019, 274 patients who were tested for EBV antibodies were included in the study and the PMI values of EBV positive group was compared to EBV negative and the control group. Results: EBV positive group has lower PMI values than EBV negative and control group. Conclusion: EPMI can be easily calculated using a CBC test and can be a used as a pre-diagnostic tool for the existence of IM.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a viral pathogen that causes respiratory system infections in childhood. In this study, we aim to examine the role of Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte and monocyte ratio (PLT/LY+MO) values in the prediction of RSV infection and in the differentiation of upper and lower respiratory tract RSV infections. Complete blood counts and RSV Antigen test results of 76 patients, between the age of 0 and 12 were investigated retrospectively. PLR values are calculated using Platelet Count/Lymphocyte Count formula, whereas PLMR values are calculated using Platelet Count/Lymphocyte Count+Monocyte Count. Out of 76, 32 patients were diagnosed as having RSV infection due to RSV antigen test. The percentage lymphocyte and monocyte as well as the platelet count were significantly higher in RSV positive group. Monocyte percentage in lower respiratory tract RSV infection was significantly lower compared to upper respiratory tract RSV infection. Our study revealed that blood parameters like lymphocyte and monocyte percentage and platelet count may be an important clue for the clinician for RSV infection and also, play a role as a guide before advanced techniques. In addition, percentage of monocyte can be useful to detect the lower respiratory tract involvement in RSV infection., Respiratuar sinsityal virüs (RSV), çocukluk çağında solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarına neden olan viral bir patojendir. Bu çalışmada Trombosit/lenfosit oranı (PLR) ve Platelet/Lenfosit oranının (PLT/LY+MO) RSV enfeksiyonunun ön tanısında ve üst-alt solunum yolu RSV indfeksiyonlarının ayrımındaki rolünü incelemeyi amaçladık. 0-12 yaş arası 76 hastanın tam kan sayımı ve RSV Antijen test sonuçları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. PLR değerleri Trombosit Sayısı/Lenfosit Sayısı formülü kullanılarak hesaplanırken, PLMR değerleri Trombosit Sayısı/Lenfosit Sayısı+Monosit Sayısı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. RSV antijen test sonuçlarına göre 76 hastanın 32'sine RSV enfeksiyonu teşhisi konmuştur. RSV pozitif grupta lenfosit ve monosit yüzdesi ile trombosit sayısı anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Alt solunum yolu RSV enfeksiyonunda monosit yüzdesinin ise üst solunum yolu RSV enfeksiyonuna göre anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamız lenfosit ve monosit yüzdesi ile trombosit sayısı gibi kan parametrelerinin RSV enfeksiyonu için klinisyene bir ipucu verebileceğini ve ayrıca ileri teknikler öncesinde yol gösterici rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ek olarak, monosit yüzdesinin, RSV enfeksiyonunda alt solunum yolu tutulumunu saptamak için faydalı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Türkiye’de sağlığın ticarileşmesi ile farklılaşan sağlık hizmeti anlayışı, hekimlerin gerek özlük hakları gerekse fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlıkları açısından olumsuz koşullarda çalışmaya zorlanmaları ile sonuçlanmıştır. TTB Özel Hekimlik Kolu, özel sektörde çalışan hekimlerin, ücretlendirmeleri, sözleşme biçimleri, çalışma süreleri, izin hakları ve çalışma koşullarındaki mevzuat dışı uygulamalarda çözüm önerileri üretmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu kapsamda mevcut sorunların tespiti, nedenlerinin araştırılması ve beraberinde çözüm önerilerine imkân tanıması amaçlanarak, Türkiye’de özel sağlık sektöründe hekimlerin çalışma koşulları, ekonomik ve sosyal durumları ile mesleki memnuniyetlerinin saptanmasına yönelik bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye genelinde 1027 özel sektör çalışanı hekimin yanıtladığı anketin sonuçları hekimlerin artmış iş yükü, uzayan çalışma süreleri, iş, istihdam, gelir ve sosyal güvencesizlik, tükenmişlik ve çeşitli sağlık sorunları ile karşı karşıya kaldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: özel hekimlik, özel sağlık sektörü, tükenmişlik, The commercialization of healthcare in Turkey along with modified understanding of healthcare resulted in pressures upon physicians to work in unfavourable circumstances with respect to their rights as well as physical and mental health status. The Private Medicine Branch of the TTB (Turkish Medical Association) is trying to find solutions to the problems of physicians employed in the private sector in various issues including remuneration, forms of contract, duration in employment, rights to leave and some practices in employment that are against the legislation in eff ect. In this context, a survey was conducted to depict the working conditions, economic and social status, and professional contentment of physicians in the private sector in order to identify existing problems and their causes together with suggestions for solution. Responses by 1,027 physicians employed in the private sector at national level suggest that leading problems include increased work burden, longer working hours; insecurity in terms of jobs, employment, income and social protection, exhaustion and various health problems. Key words: private medicine, private health sector, burnout

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still continues around the world by making peaks with different variants. In the fight against COVID-19, vaccination is currently the only protective measure. In Turkey, vaccination started firstly in healthcare workers on 13 January 2021 with the CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech, Chinese) vaccine, and booster doses were administered with the CoronaVac and Comirnaty vaccines in July 2021. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to determine the humoral and cellular immunity levels of the employees of the TOBB ETU Hospital 2.5-3.5 months after three doses of vaccination and identify the effective factors. With the power analysis that was conducted with the G*Power software, it was determined to be suitable to include 40 TOBB ETU Hospital workers who had their third dose with the CoronaVac vaccine and 60 workers of the same hospital who had their third dose with the Comirnaty (Pfizer Biontech, Germany) vaccine, and age- and sex-matching was considered by selecting 60 workers randomly from among 223 workers who had Comirnaty as their third dose. The study excluded individuals who had a previous COVID-19 infection or had a positive PCR test result. After collecting blood samples on 18-22 October 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G levels were studied with the chemiluminescence immunoassay method using a Beckman-Access device (Beckman Coulter Inc., CA, USA) for humoral immunity, and T-SPOT test (T-SPOT. CO VID SARS-CoV-2 test-Oxford Immunotec, Singapur) was carried out for cellular immunity. Additionally, demographic data, habits, personal information such as weight and height, reasons for choosing the vaccine and post-vaccine side effects were obtained through the data collection form. Data collection was completed on 29 November 2021. As a result, among the healthcare workers who had received their third dose of vaccine with Comirnaty and CoronaVac; while 25% of those who rec

It is not wrong to say that there are no application standards or best practices in balneotherapy considering traditional applications. There is not enough information about how changes in body temperature, duration, and frequency of exposure to heat affect therapeutic outcomes of balneotherapeutic applications. Body core temperature (BCT) is probably the best parameter for expressing the heat load of the body and can be used to describe the causal relationship between heat exposure and its effects. There are several reasons to take BCT changes into account; for example, it can be used for individualized treatment planning, defining the consequences of thermal effects, developing disease-specific approaches, avoiding adverse effects, and designing clinical trials. The reasons why BCT changes should be considered instead of conventional measures will be discussed while explaining the effects of balneotherapy in this article, along with a discussion of BCT measurement in balneotherapy practice.

Türkiye’de sağlığın ticarileşmesi ile farklılaşan sağlık hizmeti anlayışı, hekimlerin gerek özlük hakları gerekse fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlıkları açısından olumsuz koşullarda çalışmaya zorlanmaları ile sonuçlanmıştır. TTB Özel Hekimlik Kolu, özel sektörde çalışan hekimlerin, ücretlendirmeleri, sözleşme biçimleri, çalışma süreleri, izin hakları ve çalışma koşullarındaki mevzuat dışı uygulamalarda çözüm önerileri üretmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu kapsamda mevcut sorunların tespiti, nedenlerinin araştırılması ve beraberinde çözüm önerilerine imkân tanıması amaçlanarak, Türkiye’de özel sağlık sektöründe hekimlerin çalışma koşulları, ekonomik ve sosyal durumları ile mesleki memnuniyetlerinin saptanmasına yönelik bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye genelinde 1027 özel sektör çalışanı hekimin yanıtladığı anketin sonuçları hekimlerin artmış iş yükü, uzayan çalışma süreleri, iş, istihdam, gelir ve sosyal güvencesizlik, tükenmişlik ve çeşitli sağlık sorunları ile karşı karşıya kaldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: özel hekimlik, özel sağlık sektörü, tükenmişlik, The commercialization of healthcare in Turkey along with modified understanding of healthcare resulted in pressures upon physicians to work in unfavourable circumstances with respect to their rights as well as physical and mental health status. The Private Medicine Branch of the TTB (Turkish Medical Association) is trying to find solutions to the problems of physicians employed in the private sector in various issues including remuneration, forms of contract, duration in employment, rights to leave and some practices in employment that are against the legislation in eff ect. In this context, a survey was conducted to depict the working conditions, economic and social status, and professional contentment of physicians in the private sector in order to identify existing problems and their causes together with suggestions for solution. Responses by 1,027 physicians employed in the private sector at national level suggest that leading problems include increased work burden, longer working hours; insecurity in terms of jobs, employment, income and social protection, exhaustion and various health problems. Key words: private medicine, private health sector, burnout

It is not wrong to say that there are no application standards or best practices in balneotherapy considering traditional applications. There is not enough information about how changes in body temperature, duration, and frequency of exposure to heat affect therapeutic outcomes of balneotherapeutic applications. Body core temperature (BCT) is probably the best parameter for expressing the heat load of the body and can be used to describe the causal relationship between heat exposure and its effects. There are several reasons to take BCT changes into account; for example, it can be used for individualized treatment planning, defining the consequences of thermal effects, developing disease-specific approaches, avoiding adverse effects, and designing clinical trials. The reasons why BCT changes should be considered instead of conventional measures will be discussed while explaining the effects of balneotherapy in this article, along with a discussion of BCT measurement in balneotherapy practice.

In this study, a new single-state sliding mode controller is proposed that can be used in multi-input dynamic systems that require the system dynamics to be controlled by a single state variable. The proposed controller is compared with the single state sliding mode controller, which is effective according to a linear feedback controller and a passive controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the controllers, the model WINDMI, which is defined as a complex driven damped dynamic system, is preferred as an exemplary model. For the system's dynamics to reach reference in the shortest settling time with minimum overshoot, the sliding surface coefficient and the controller coefficients are optimized according to the sliding surface using Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, and Pattern Search algorithm. The best values of optimization coefficients are determined by comparing the obtained results. Finally, verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed controller is demonstrated with simulations and numerical analysis.

This paper presents an investigation of the IEEE 34 bus test system benefits with deployment of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and distributed generation (DG) in the aspect of power loss minimization, bus voltage stability and greenhouse gas emission mitigation. Power loss minimization is carried out by adjusting tap changer positions of the load tap changing transformer with one of the well-known metaheuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA). To check the voltage stability of the system after minimization, bus voltage profile index is developed. Similarly, environmental profile is evaluated by three different indices. The behaviour of the system is analysed for four different cases as follows. In Case 1, voltage and reactive power control is provided by capacitor banks. In Case 2, capacitor banks are replaced with DSTATCOM. In Case 3 and Case 4, Case 1 and Case 2 are reinvestigated in the presence of additional DG. All cases are evaluated with both traditional Newton- Raphson optimization algorithm and evolutionary-based GA optimization algorithm. The results indicate that GA optimization provides more energy savings than traditional optimization in all cases with bus voltage index within the allowed range. Besides voltage profile of the system in all cases with two algorithms supports the fact that evolutionary-based metaheuristics offer the best choices for a non-linear optimization problem in comparison with the traditional optimization methods. The overall results reveal that Case 4, test system with DSTATCOM and DG, is the best case which provides minimum power losses and a significant amount of emission savings with greenhouse payback time (GPBT) of 0.458 years.