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5. Assisted Reproductive Technology and Natural Law: How Seven Years as an Embryologist Revealed IVF's Disordered Approach to Patient Care

Author

Colosi, Peter J., Turczynski, Craig, Dodd, Alexa, and Urlakis, Mary Anne

Abstract

This article is a case study illuminating the experience of a cradle Catholic who pursued a career in the field of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) as a laboratory director and embryologist. Twenty years after leaving the field, the observations leading to the crisis of conscience are further amplified by the reports of social, legal, ethical, and medical consequences of the technology. These consequences are explored in detail and can serve as a mini-review of the published scientific literature describing the obstetrical complications, peri-natal outcomes, and the long-term health effects on the offspring. This paper provides the documented evidence that can be used by the religious and medical community for shepherding the flock. The disordered approach to patient care is evidenced by five serious consequences resulting from the use of the technology. These include multiple pregnancy and selective reduction, abandoned and discarded embryos, adverse health effects to the women and children, legal and ethical problems, and human experimentation. An explanation for the adverse consequences can be found by exploring and applying the principles of Natural Law. Natural Law, as embraced by the Catholic Church, can be used as a starting point for conversion of heart for many who struggle with the immorality of ART. Deterring use of the technology coupled with increased motivation by scientist and health professionals to pursue restorative approaches within a moral framework offer our best solution to the treatment of infertility. Natural Law and the consequences of violating it provide evidence that science and medicine should not be practiced in a vacuum void of ethical and moral boundaries grounded in divine Wisdom.

Published
2022
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6. Radiation Budget Instrument (RBI) for JPSS-2

Author

Georgieva, Elena, Priestley, Kory, Dunn, Barry, Cageao, Richard, Barki, Anum, Osmundsen, Jim, Turczynski, Craig, and Abedin, Nurul

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Radiation Budget Instrument (RBI) will be one of five instruments flying aboard the JPSS-2 spacecraft, a polar-orbiting sun-synchronous satellite in Low Earth Orbit. RBI is a passive remote sensing instrument that will follow the successful legacy of the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments to make a long term measurement of Earth’s radiation budget. The goal of RBI is to provide an independent measurement of the broadband reflected solar radiance and Earth’s emitted thermal radiance by using three spectral bands (Shortwave, Longwave, and Total) that will have the same overlapped point spread function (PSF) footprint on Earth. To ensure precise NIST-traceable calibration in space the RBI sensor is designed to use a visible calibration target (VCT), a solar calibration target (SCT), and an infrared calibration target (ICT) containing phase change cells (PCC) to enable temperature calibration. The VCT is a thermally controlled integrating sphere with space grade Spectralon covering the inner surface. The two sides of the sphere will have fiber-coupled laser diodes in the UV to IR wavelength region. An electrical substitution radiometer on the integrating sphere will monitor the long term stability of the sources and the possible degradation of the Spectralon in space. In addition the radiometric calibration operations will use the Spectralon diffusers of the SCT to provide accurate measurements of solar degradation. All those stable on-orbit references will ensure that calibration stability is maintained over the RBI sensor lifetime. For the preflight calibration the RBI will view five calibration sources – two integrating spheres and three CrIS –like blackbodies whose outputs will be validated with NIST calibration approach. Thermophile detectors are the primary choice for the RBI. The sensor has a requirement to perform lunar calibration in addition to solar calibration in space in a way similar to CERES instruments approach. To monitor climate change and to get meaningful results is critical to assure stable calibration over instrument lifetime.

Published
2015

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