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1. Ocean Sciences Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science.

Author

Graham, Jasmin, Hannides, Angelos, Mamnun, Nabir, Sitz, Lina E., Walsh, Ian D., Wood‐Charlson, Elisha M., and Ponsoni, Leandro

Subjects
*MARINE sciences, *LOW-income countries, *TECHNOLOGY transfer, *INFORMATION sharing, *CITIZEN science
Abstract

This article is composed of three independent commentaries of how "Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked" (ICON), as well as "Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable" (FAIR; under the umbrella of "Open" from ICON), principles are currently embedded in ocean sciences, and what are the opportunities and challenges by adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different perspective as follows: (a) field sampling and experimentation to remote‐sensing and autonomous observations; (b) global collaboration, technology transfer and application, reproducibility, and data sharing and infrastructure; (c) increasing diversity and broadening participation in ocean sciences. Overall, there is a consensus that ocean sciences is well‐advanced in adopting many of the Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked‐Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (ICON‐FAIR) principles regarding (a and b), although there are still plenty of opportunities to develop further by, for instance, making broader use of data‐of‐opportunity and citizen science, improving efforts toward standardized data organization and avoiding data fragmentation, and increasing training activities to implement good practices. On the other hand, fostering diversity, and broadening participation in ocean sciences is still in its infancy. Actions are needed to overcome under‐representation of women and other marginalized groups, create opportunities for early‐career scientists, and build bridges to support scientists from low‐income countries. We recognize that adopting ICON‐FAIR principles comes with high costs and efforts, but it has strong potential to develop ocean sciences in many aspects. Key Points: Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked‐Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (ICON‐FAIR) principles are broadly adopted in many observational‐and experimentation‐based initiatives within Ocean SciencesICON‐FAIR is a common practice in terms of global collaboration, technology transfer and application, reproducibility, and data sharingAmplifying the use of ICON‐FAIR will contribute to fostering diversity and widening participation in ocean sciences [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?

Author

Laurie Pahus, Carey Meredith Suehs, Laurence Halimi, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Dany Jaffuel, Julie Marciano, Anne-Sophie Gamez, Isabelle Vachier, and Nicolas Molinari

Subjects
External validity, Clinical trials, Patients’ distrust, Recruitment bias, Under-representation of women, Medical philosophy. Medical ethics, R723-726
Abstract

Abstract Background Patient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research. The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results. Methods This prospective, multicenter survey consisted in the administration of a self-questionnaire to patients during a pulmonology consultation. The 1025 questionnaires distributed collected demographics, socio-professional and basic health literacy characteristics. Patients were asked to rank their level of trust for pharmaceutical companies and indicate their willingness to participate in different categories of research (pre or post marketing, sponsored by an academic institution or pharmaceutical company). Logistic regression was used to determine factors contributing to “trust” versus “distrust” group membership and willingness to participate in each category of research. Results One thousand patients completed the survey, corresponding to a response rate of 97.5%. Data from 838 patients were analyzed in this study. 48.3% of respondents declared that they trusted pharmaceutical companies, while 35.5% declared distrust. Being female (p = 0.042), inactive in the employment market(p = 0.007), and not-knowing the name of one’s disease(p = 0.010) are factors related to declared distrust. Distrust-group membership is associated with unwillingness to participate in certain categories of trials such as pre-marketing and industry-sponsored trials. Conclusion Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in certain subcategories of trials. This potential recruitment bias may explain the under-representation of certain categories of patients such as women in pre-marketing drug trials.

Published
2020
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3. Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?

Author

Pahus, Laurie, Suehs, Carey Meredith, Halimi, Laurence, Bourdin, Arnaud, Chanez, Pascal, Jaffuel, Dany, Marciano, Julie, Gamez, Anne-Sophie, Vachier, Isabelle, and Molinari, Nicolas

Subjects
SUSPICION, TRUST, CLINICAL trials, HEALTH literacy, CLINICAL drug trials
Abstract

Background: Patient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research. The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results.Methods: This prospective, multicenter survey consisted in the administration of a self-questionnaire to patients during a pulmonology consultation. The 1025 questionnaires distributed collected demographics, socio-professional and basic health literacy characteristics. Patients were asked to rank their level of trust for pharmaceutical companies and indicate their willingness to participate in different categories of research (pre or post marketing, sponsored by an academic institution or pharmaceutical company). Logistic regression was used to determine factors contributing to "trust" versus "distrust" group membership and willingness to participate in each category of research.Results: One thousand patients completed the survey, corresponding to a response rate of 97.5%. Data from 838 patients were analyzed in this study. 48.3% of respondents declared that they trusted pharmaceutical companies, while 35.5% declared distrust. Being female (p = 0.042), inactive in the employment market(p = 0.007), and not-knowing the name of one's disease(p = 0.010) are factors related to declared distrust. Distrust-group membership is associated with unwillingness to participate in certain categories of trials such as pre-marketing and industry-sponsored trials.Conclusion: Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in certain subcategories of trials. This potential recruitment bias may explain the under-representation of certain categories of patients such as women in pre-marketing drug trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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4. Career Choices in Information and Communication Technology among South Western Nigerian Women.

Author

Ojokoh, Bolanle Adefowoke, Adeola, Oladele Stephen, Isinkaye, Folasade Olubusola, and Abraham, Chon

Subjects
VOCATIONAL guidance, INFORMATION technology, COUNSELING, TELEMATICS, WOMEN
Abstract

This study is designed to discover the key factors for the under-representation and lack of career progression or otherwise of women in the ICT field, specifically in South Western Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to women (i.e., students, lecturers and other staff) studying or working in selected higher institutions. The results show that 90% of the women studied are self-motivated in their choice of the ICT career with very little external incentivizing or encouragement supporting their choice, besides the lure of high compensation and prestige associated with skilled ICT work. The slight influence on the career choice of women to pursue ICT derives from everyday use of computers and career information provided by role models and mentors, which are atypical, while, those women who did not choose a career in ICT did so because of their perception of the overabundance of required programming skills. Other barriers include environmental working conditions, infrastructure and electricity in the work area needed to support ICT related work. Although, many of the career women believe that they are competitive with their male counterparts in ICT; the fact remains in South Western Nigeria that only a few women are senior associates at organizations in the ICT field. Recommendations are offered to decrease this disparity and address enabling conditions for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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5. ‘I wouldn’t say it’s sexism, except that … It’s all these little subtle things’: Healthcare scientists’ accounts of gender in healthcare science laboratories.

Author

Bevan, Valerie and Learmonth, Mark

Subjects
*MEDICAL laboratories, *MASCULINITY, *SEXISM in medicine, *MEDICAL sciences, *WOMEN in medicine, *WOMEN in science, *MAN-woman relationships
Abstract

We explore healthcare scientists’ accounts of men in healthcare science laboratories. By focussing on subtle masculinist actions that women find disadvantageous to them, we seek to extend knowledge about women’s under-representation in senior positions in healthcare science – despite women being in the majority at junior levels. We maintain that healthcare science continues to be dominated by taken-for-granted masculinities that marginalize women, keeping them in their ‘place’. Our aim is to make visible the subtle practices that are normally invisible by showing masculinities in action. Principally using feminist analyses, our findings show that both women and men are often unaware of taken-for-granted masculinist actions, and even when women do notice, they rarely challenge the subtle sexist behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2013
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6. Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?

Author

Dany Jaffuel, Laurie Pahus, Anne-Sophie Gamez, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Carey M. Suehs, Isabelle Vachier, Laurence Halimi, Nicolas Molinari, Julie Marciano, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pédiatrique [Marseille], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone [Marseille], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour l'Assistance et la Réhabilitation à Domicile (APARD), Polyclinique Saint Privat, Clinique Générale de Marignane, Marignane, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MORNET, Dominique

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Drug Industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, education, Health literacy, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Trust, Patients’ distrust, Under-representation of women, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical trials, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, health care economics and organizations, media_common, Response rate (survey), Marketing, lcsh:R723-726, Distrust, business.industry, Health Policy, Public health, 06 humanities and the arts, Recruitment bias, Altruism, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical trial, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Clinical research, Pharmaceutical Preparations, External validity, Philosophy of medicine, Family medicine, Female, 060301 applied ethics, lcsh:Medical philosophy. Medical ethics, business, Psychosocial, Research Article
Abstract

Background Patient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research. The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results. Methods This prospective, multicenter survey consisted in the administration of a self-questionnaire to patients during a pulmonology consultation. The 1025 questionnaires distributed collected demographics, socio-professional and basic health literacy characteristics. Patients were asked to rank their level of trust for pharmaceutical companies and indicate their willingness to participate in different categories of research (pre or post marketing, sponsored by an academic institution or pharmaceutical company). Logistic regression was used to determine factors contributing to “trust” versus “distrust” group membership and willingness to participate in each category of research. Results One thousand patients completed the survey, corresponding to a response rate of 97.5%. Data from 838 patients were analyzed in this study. 48.3% of respondents declared that they trusted pharmaceutical companies, while 35.5% declared distrust. Being female (p = 0.042), inactive in the employment market(p = 0.007), and not-knowing the name of one’s disease(p = 0.010) are factors related to declared distrust. Distrust-group membership is associated with unwillingness to participate in certain categories of trials such as pre-marketing and industry-sponsored trials. Conclusion Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in certain subcategories of trials. This potential recruitment bias may explain the under-representation of certain categories of patients such as women in pre-marketing drug trials.

Published
2019
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7. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Sobina, Anastasiia, Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, and Sobina, Anastasiia

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

8. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Sobina, Anastasiia, Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, and Sobina, Anastasiia

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

9. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Ellederová, Eva, and Žouželková Bartošová, Marie

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

10. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Ellederová, Eva, and Žouželková Bartošová, Marie

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

11. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Ellederová, Eva, and Žouželková Bartošová, Marie

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

12. Permanentní skleněný strop? Pozice žen v oblasti ICT

Author

Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, Sobina, Anastasiia, Ellederová, Eva, Žouželková Bartošová, Marie, and Sobina, Anastasiia

Abstract

Cílem této bakalářské práce je prozkoumat postavení žen v sektoru informačních a komunikačních technologií (dále jen ICT). Práce analyzuje nízké zastoupení žen v profesích ICT a v ICT firmách. Dále se zabývá hypotézou o ženách čelících takzvanému „skleněnému stropu“, který brání ženám a menšinám získat pozice na vyšší úrovni založené na stereotypech a předsudcích. Teoretická část této práce se skládá z následujících témat: role žen v historickém vývoji počítačů, seznam některých nejvýznamnějších žen v oboru informatiky, důvody pro nedostatečné zastoupení specialistů ženského pohlaví v ICT, koncepce „skleněného stropu“ a popisu současné situace v Evropě, konkrétně v České republice, kde tato data doplňují statistické informace organizace Czechitas. Informace byly shromážděny studiem literatury a analýzou studií souvisejících s daným tématem. V empirické části této práce byl proveden kvalitativní a kvantitativní výzkum. Data byla shromážděna prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a rozhovorů., The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to examine women’s position in the ICT sector. This thesis analyses the low representation of women in the ICT professions and in the ICT companies. It also deals with the hypothesis that females are facing a so-called “glass ceiling” that prevents women and minorities from obtaining upper-level positions, basing on stereotypes and prejudices. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of the following topics: the role of women in the historical development of computers, the list of some of the most outstanding females in the computer science world, the reasons for under-representation of female specialists in the ICT sector, the concept of “glass ceiling” and the description of the current situation in Europe, specifically in the Czech Republic, which is also complemented by the research statistics of the Czechitas organization. The information was collected by studying literature and analysing studies related to the topic. In the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews.

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