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Controlling the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) can be challenging due to the nonlinearity of its dynamics, which makes it difficult to design control strategies that are both robust and effective. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel control strategy rooted in the concept of passivity that combines field‐oriented control (FOC). This strategy compels the PMSM to accurately follow velocity and electrical torque trajectories. The approach, known as passivity‐based control (PBC), entails reshaping the inherent system energy while introducing the necessary damping to attain the desired objectives. A crucial aspect involves identifying workless force terms within the process model. Despite their presence, these terms do not impact the energy balance and stability properties. As a result, eliminating these terms is unnecessary. This simplicity in control architecture not only preserves system stability but also bolsters overall robustness. The system's overall stability and the current tracking error's exponential convergence have both been demonstrated analytically. In order to maintain stability, the controller accounts for the nonlinearities of the plant and approximates the unstructured dynamics of the PMSM. The proposed control is designed using the dq model of the PMSM, which avoids the model's structure destruction due to singularities, since the dq model does not depend explicitly on the rotor angular position. Experimental results shown further, illustrate speed and position control with a desired pair calculated by a filter or a proportional‐integral (PI) controller for speed control and a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller for position control. Also the correlation between practical and theoretical results is given as well as the robustness test in relation to the uncertainties of the PMSM's inertia moment. The results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in controlling the PMSM under different operating conditions, highlighting its potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations has set an ambitious goal to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This objective requires shifting towards green and renewable energy sources instead of conventional fossil fuels to address the global energy crisis without emitting greenhouse gases. While the energy radiated by the sun is one of the most abundant sources of energy available, its efficient and optimal use remains a significant challenge. To facilitate solar-energy-based applications, estimating the amount of solar energy available is crucial. Empirical and soft computing is the most-used method to estimate solar energy. This paper aims to analyze the existing techniques used in various models for estimating and predicting the quantity and quality of solar radiation using readily available data. Additionally, the study aims to identify the most appropriate techniques for developing prediction models using available explanatory variables. To fully harness the potential of solar energy, it is necessary to limit the terrestrial loss of solar radiation by minimizing the harmful effects of anthropogenic factors that reduce the quantity and quality of solar radiation in the area. This paper provides valuable insights to identify opportunities to maximize the potential of solar energy in different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to cutting-edge innovations in industry and academia, research is more centered around multilevel inverters (MLIs), which play a significant role in different high/medium voltage and high-power applications when contrasted with traditional inverters. Relative analysis of the reduced DC source count and switch inverter topologies highlight its significant benefits, which include control complexity, switch count, source count, reliability, efficiency, cost, voltage stress, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power quality. When switched-capacitor technology is deployed, it is seen that with the assistance of 14 switches, a 53 level result is accomplished, and the THD is just around 1.41%, which is kept up with as per the IEEE 519-2014 norms. Whenever cascaded MLI topology is employed, the inversion efficiency is more prominent, and is about 99.06%. Hence, this review focuses on a few of the late-evolved MLIs utilized, and the benefits and drawbacks for different topologies are examined. To assist with current modern research in this field and the decision of the proper inverter for various applications, a novel topology of an MLI can be planned later on. Different setups of MLIs have been exhaustively covered and reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction heating (IH) applications aided by power electronic control system have become very attractive in the recent past. The power electronics circuits succumb to severe switching loss, lower power density if proper switching methodology is not adhered. A state of uncertainty is indispensable in IH application as the power required by the load varies depending upon the nature of work piece. This uncertain issue makes the selection of the control algorithm and controller very vital. The mundane controllers may not be compatible to combat the uncertainties and leads to exhibit dynamic problems say transients, peak overshoot and poor response. Henceforth, the IH system requires a superlative converter topology and control scheme in order to have reduced switching loss and to improve the system performance there by negating the uncertainties. Here, in this work, a direct AC–AC boost resonant converter fed by pulse density modulation (PDM) is realized in a single stage mode. A fuzzy logic-based PDM control technique improves the efficiency and provides the versatile power control with reduced time domain specifications for dynamic changes in load. The proposed system has been studied using MATLAB/SIMULINK and validated using a hardware prototype employing dsPIC30F4011 microcontroller. The results reveal that efficient control over power can be accomplished by varying the density of the switching pulses, and thereby the efficiency is enhanced even with reduced component count. Also, the single-stage conversion is effective than its two-stage counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]