12 results on '"Van Calster, H."'
Search Results
2. Acido- and neutrophilic temperate forest plants display distinct shifts in ecological pH niche across north-western Europe
- Author
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Reinecke, J., Wulf, M., Baeten, L., Brunet, J., Decocq, G., De Frenne, G., Diekmann, M., Graae, B. J., Heinken, T., Hermy, M., Jamoneau, A., Lenoir, J., Plue, Jan, Orczewska, A., Van Calster, H., Verheyen, K., Naaf, T., Reinecke, J., Wulf, M., Baeten, L., Brunet, J., Decocq, G., De Frenne, G., Diekmann, M., Graae, B. J., Heinken, T., Hermy, M., Jamoneau, A., Lenoir, J., Plue, Jan, Orczewska, A., Van Calster, H., Verheyen, K., and Naaf, T.
- Abstract
Ecological niches of organisms vary across geographical space, but niche shift patterns between regions and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. We studied shifts in the pH niche of 42 temperate forest plant species across a latitudinal gradient from northern France to boreo-nemoral Sweden. We asked 1) whether species restrict their niches with increasing latitude as they reach their northern range margin (environmental constraints); 2) whether species expand their niches with increasing latitude as regional plant species richness decreases (competitive release); and 3) whether species shift their niche position toward more acidic sites with increasing latitude as the relative proportion of acidic soils increases (local adaptation). Based on 1458 vegetation plots and corresponding soil pH values, we modelled species response curves using Huisman-Olff-Fresco models. Four niche measures (width, position, left and right border) were compared among regions by randomization tests. We found that with increasing latitude, neutrophilic species tended to retreat from acidic sites, indicating that these species retreat to more favorable sites when approaching their range margin. Alternatively, these species might benefit from enhanced nitrogen deposition on formerly nutrient-poor, acidic sites in southern regions or lag behind in post-glacial recolonization of potential habitats in northern regions. Most acidophilic species extended their niche toward more base-rich sites with increasing latitude, indicating competitive release from neutrophilic species. Alternatively, acidophilic species might benefit from optimal climatic conditions in the north where some have their core distribution area. Shifts in the niche position suggested that local adaptation is of minor importance. We conclude that shifts in the pH niche of temperate forest plants are the rule, but the directions of the niche shifts and possible explanations vary. Our study demonstrates that differe
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Acido- and neutrophilic temperate forest plants display distinct shifts in ecological pH niche across north-western Europe
- Author
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Reinecke, J., primary, Wulf, M., additional, Baeten, L., additional, Brunet, J., additional, Decocq, G., additional, De Frenne, P., additional, Diekmann, M., additional, Graae, B. J., additional, Heinken, T., additional, Hermy, M., additional, Jamoneau, A., additional, Lenoir, J., additional, Plue, J., additional, Orczewska, A., additional, Van Calster, H., additional, Verheyen, K., additional, and Naaf, T., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Design of a monitoring system and its cost-effectiveness : optimization of biodiversity monitoring through close collaboration of users and data providers
- Author
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De Blust, G., Laurijssens, G., Van Calster, H., Verschelde, P., Bauwens, B., Svensson, J., Jongman, R.H.G., De Blust, G., Laurijssens, G., Van Calster, H., Verschelde, P., Bauwens, B., Svensson, J., and Jongman, R.H.G.
- Abstract
At the European policy level there is demand for an international framework for surveillance and monitoring of biodiversity, indicating the growing need to quantify biodiversity composition and dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales to bridge the gap between international commitments and national and local actions, and to ensure that biodiversity monitoring and responses to biodiversity change are incorporated effectively into policy and practice at international, national and local levels. This report presents the results of the EBONE project on how such framework can be met effectively. It draws conclusions on sampling design, time management and sampling effectiveness.
- Published
- 2013
5. Assessing the role of EO in biodiversity monitoring: options for integrating in-situ observations with EO within the context of the EBONE concept
- Author
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Gerard, F., Blank, L., Bunce, R.G.H., Carmel, Y., Caudullo, G., Clerici, N., Deshayes, M., Erikstad, L., Estreguil, C., Framstad, E., Granholm, A.-H., Halabuk, A., Halada, L., Harari-Kremer, R., Hazeu, G.W., Hennekens, S.M., Holmgren, J., Kikas, T., Kuusemets, V., Lang, M., Levin, N., Luck-Vogel, M., Morton, D., Mucher, C.A., Nilsson, M., Nordkvist, K., Olsson, H., Olsvig-Whittaker, L., Raet, J., Roberts, W., Roerink, G.J., Sepp, K., Scholefield, P., Vain, A., Van Calster, H., Weissteiner, C.J., Gerard, F., Blank, L., Bunce, R.G.H., Carmel, Y., Caudullo, G., Clerici, N., Deshayes, M., Erikstad, L., Estreguil, C., Framstad, E., Granholm, A.-H., Halabuk, A., Halada, L., Harari-Kremer, R., Hazeu, G.W., Hennekens, S.M., Holmgren, J., Kikas, T., Kuusemets, V., Lang, M., Levin, N., Luck-Vogel, M., Morton, D., Mucher, C.A., Nilsson, M., Nordkvist, K., Olsson, H., Olsvig-Whittaker, L., Raet, J., Roberts, W., Roerink, G.J., Sepp, K., Scholefield, P., Vain, A., Van Calster, H., and Weissteiner, C.J.
- Abstract
The European Biodiversity Observation Network (EBONE) is a European contribution on terrestrial monitoring to GEO BON, the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network. EBONE’s aims are to develop a system of biodiversity observation at regional, national and European levels by assessing existing approaches in terms of their validity and applicability starting in Europe, then expanding to regions in Africa. The objective of EBONE is to deliver: 1. A sound scientific basis for the production of statistical estimates of stock and change of key indicators; 2. The development of a system for estimating past changes and forecasting and testing policy options and management strategies for threatened ecosystems and species; 3. A proposal for a cost-effective biodiversity monitoring system. There is a consensus that Earth Observation (EO) has a role to play in monitoring biodiversity. With its capacity to observe detailed spatial patterns and variability across large areas at regular intervals, our instinct suggests that EO could deliver the type of spatial and temporal coverage that is beyond reach with in-situ efforts. Furthermore, when considering the emerging networks of in-situ observations, the prospect of enhancing the quality of the information whilst reducing cost through integration is compelling. This report gives a realistic assessment of the role of EO in biodiversity monitoring and the options for integrating in-situ observations with EO within the context of the EBONE concept (cfr. EBONE-ID1.4). The assessment is mainly based on a set of targeted pilot studies. Building on this assessment, the report then presents a series of recommendations on the best options for using EO in an effective, consistent and sustainable biodiversity monitoring scheme. The issues that we faced were many: 1. Integration can be interpreted in different ways. One possible interpretation is: the combined use of independent data sets to deliver a different but improved
- Published
- 2012
6. Determinants of soil organic matter chemistry in maritime temperate forest ecosystems
- Author
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Vancampenhout, K., de Vos, B., Wouters, K., van Calster, H., Swennen, R., Buurman, P., Deckers, J., Vancampenhout, K., de Vos, B., Wouters, K., van Calster, H., Swennen, R., Buurman, P., and Deckers, J.
- Published
- 2010
7. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats.
- Author
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Staude, I.R., Pereira, H.M., Daskalova, G.N., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Diekmann, M., Pauli, H., Van Calster, H., Vellend, M., Bjorkman, A.D., Brunet, J., De Frenne, P., Hédl, R., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Myers-Smith, I.H., Verheyen, K., Wipf, S., Wulf, M., Andrews, C., Barančok, P., Barni, E., Benito-Alonso, J-L., Bennie, J., Berki, I., Blüml, V., Chudomelová, M., Decocq, G., Dick, J.T.A., Dirnböck, T., Durak, T., Eriksson, O., Erschbamer, B., Graae, B.J., Heinken, T., Schei, F.H., Jaroszewicz, B., Kopecký, M., Kudernatsch, T., Macek, M., Malicki, M., Máliš, F., Michelsen, O., Naaf, T., Nagel, T.A., Newton, Adrian, Nicklas, L., Oddi, L., Ortmann-Ajkai, A., Palaj, A., Petraglia, A., Petřík, P., Pielech, R., Porro, F., Puşcaş, M., Reczyńska, K., Rixen, C., Schmidt, W., Standovár, T., Steinbauer, K., Świerkosz, K., Teleki, B., Theurillat, J-P., Turtureanu, P.D., Ursu, T-M., Vanneste, T., Vergeer, P., Vild, O., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Winkler, M., Baeten, L., Staude, I.R., Pereira, H.M., Daskalova, G.N., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Diekmann, M., Pauli, H., Van Calster, H., Vellend, M., Bjorkman, A.D., Brunet, J., De Frenne, P., Hédl, R., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Myers-Smith, I.H., Verheyen, K., Wipf, S., Wulf, M., Andrews, C., Barančok, P., Barni, E., Benito-Alonso, J-L., Bennie, J., Berki, I., Blüml, V., Chudomelová, M., Decocq, G., Dick, J.T.A., Dirnböck, T., Durak, T., Eriksson, O., Erschbamer, B., Graae, B.J., Heinken, T., Schei, F.H., Jaroszewicz, B., Kopecký, M., Kudernatsch, T., Macek, M., Malicki, M., Máliš, F., Michelsen, O., Naaf, T., Nagel, T.A., Newton, Adrian, Nicklas, L., Oddi, L., Ortmann-Ajkai, A., Palaj, A., Petraglia, A., Petřík, P., Pielech, R., Porro, F., Puşcaş, M., Reczyńska, K., Rixen, C., Schmidt, W., Standovár, T., Steinbauer, K., Świerkosz, K., Teleki, B., Theurillat, J-P., Turtureanu, P.D., Ursu, T-M., Vanneste, T., Vergeer, P., Vild, O., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Winkler, M., and Baeten, L.
- Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
8. Long-term nitrogen deposition reduces the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants.
- Author
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Moreno-García P, Montaño-Centellas F, Liu Y, Reyes-Mendez EY, Jha RR, Guralnick RP, Folk R, Waller DM, Verheyen K, Baeten L, Becker-Scarpitta A, Berki I, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Closset D, De Frenne P, Decocq G, Gilliam FS, Grytnes JA, Hédl R, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Macek M, Máliš F, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schei FH, Schmidt W, Stachurska-Swakoń A, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, and Li D
- Subjects
- Forests, Climate Change, United States, Europe, Ecosystem, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen Fixation, Biodiversity, Plants metabolism, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is a fundamental part of ecosystem functioning. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition and climate change may, however, limit the competitive advantage of nitrogen-fixing plants, leading to reduced relative diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants. Yet, assessments of changes of nitrogen-fixing plant long-term community diversity are rare. Here, we examine temporal trends in the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants and their relationships with anthropogenic nitrogen deposition while accounting for changes in temperature and aridity. We used forest-floor vegetation resurveys of temperate forests in Europe and the United States spanning multiple decades. Nitrogen-fixer richness declined as nitrogen deposition increased over time but did not respond to changes in climate. Phylogenetic diversity also declined, as distinct lineages of N-fixers were lost between surveys, but the "winners" and "losers" among nitrogen-fixing lineages varied among study sites, suggesting that losses are context dependent. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition reduces nitrogen-fixing plant diversity in ways that may strongly affect natural nitrogen fixation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats.
- Author
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Staude IR, Pereira HM, Daskalova GN, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Diekmann M, Pauli H, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Bjorkman AD, Brunet J, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Jandt U, Lenoir J, Myers-Smith IH, Verheyen K, Wipf S, Wulf M, Andrews C, Barančok P, Barni E, Benito-Alonso JL, Bennie J, Berki I, Blüml V, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dick J, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Erschbamer B, Graae BJ, Heinken T, Schei FH, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Kudernatsch T, Macek M, Malicki M, Máliš F, Michelsen O, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Newton AC, Nicklas L, Oddi L, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Palaj A, Petraglia A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Porro F, Puşcaş M, Reczyńska K, Rixen C, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Steinbauer K, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Theurillat JP, Turtureanu PD, Ursu TM, Vanneste T, Vergeer P, Vild O, Villar L, Vittoz P, Winkler M, and Baeten L
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Forests, Plants, Biodiversity, Grassland
- Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation., (© 2021 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Reply to Harwood et al.: Thermophilization estimation is robust to the scale of species distribution data.
- Author
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De Frenne P, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brown CD, Eriksson O, Hermy M, Mitchell FJ, Petrík P, Van Calster H, Vellend M, and Verheyena K
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Biological physiology, Biota physiology, Global Warming, Microclimate, Trees physiology
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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11. Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming.
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De Frenne P, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Coomes DA, Baeten L, Verstraeten G, Vellend M, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brown CD, Brunet J, Cornelis J, Decocq GM, Dierschke H, Eriksson O, Gilliam FS, Hédl R, Heinken T, Hermy M, Hommel P, Jenkins MA, Kelly DL, Kirby KJ, Mitchell FJ, Naaf T, Newman M, Peterken G, Petrík P, Schultz J, Sonnier G, Van Calster H, Waller DM, Walther GR, White PS, Woods KD, Wulf M, Graae BJ, and Verheyen K
- Subjects
- Europe, North America, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Species Specificity, Temperature, Adaptation, Biological physiology, Biota physiology, Global Warming, Microclimate, Trees physiology
- Abstract
Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., "thermophilization" of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that "climatic lags" may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass--e.g., for bioenergy--may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity.
- Published
- 2013
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12. Extinction debt of forest plants persists for more than a century following habitat fragmentation.
- Author
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Vellend M, Verheyen K, Jacquemyn H, Kolb A, Van Calster H, Peterken G, and Hermy M
- Subjects
- Belgium, Ecosystem, England, Geography, Logistic Models, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Trees physiology
- Abstract
Following habitat fragmentation individual habitat patches may lose species over time as they pay off their "extinction debt." Species with relatively low rates of population extinction and colonization ("slow" species) may maintain extinction debts for particularly prolonged periods, but few data are available to test this prediction. We analyzed two unusually detailed data sets on forest plant distributions and land-use history from Lincolnshire, United Kingdom, and Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium, to test for an extinction debt in relation to species-specific extinction and colonization rates. Logistic regression models predicting the presence-absence of 36 plant species were first parameterized using data from Lincolnshire, where forest cover has been relatively low (approximately 5-8%) for the past 1000 years. Consistent with extinction debt theory, for relatively slow species (but not fast species) these models systematically underpredicted levels of patch occupancy in Vlaams-Brabant, where forest cover was reduced from approximately 25% to <10% between 1775 and 1900 (it is presently 6.5%). As a consequence, the ability of the Lincolnshire models to predict patch occupancy in Vlaams-Brabant was worse for slow than for fast species. Thus, more than a century after forest fragmentation reached its current level an extinction debt persists for species with low rates of population turnover.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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