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1. Distinct evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 lineages combining increased fitness and antibody evasion

Author

Delphine Planas, Isabelle Staropoli, Vincent Michel, Frederic Lemoine, Flora Donati, Matthieu Prot, Francoise Porrot, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Banujaa Jeyarajah, Angela Brisebarre, Océane Dehan, Léa Avon, William Henry Bolland, Mathieu Hubert, Julian Buchrieser, Thibault Vanhoucke, Pierre Rosenbaum, David Veyer, Hélène Péré, Bruno Lina, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Laurent Hocqueloux, Thierry Prazuck, Etienne Simon-Loriere, and Olivier Schwartz

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence of novel viral sublineages. Here, we isolate and characterize XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16.1, EG.5.1.1, EG.5.1.3, XBF, BA.2.86.1 and JN.1 variants, representing >80% of circulating variants in January 2024. The XBB subvariants carry few but recurrent mutations in the spike, whereas BA.2.86.1 and JN.1 harbor >30 additional changes. These variants replicate in IGROV-1 but no longer in Vero E6 and are not markedly fusogenic. They potently infect nasal epithelial cells, with EG.5.1.3 exhibiting the highest fitness. Antivirals remain active. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses from vaccinees and BA.1/BA.2-infected individuals are markedly lower compared to BA.1, without major differences between variants. An XBB breakthrough infection enhances NAb responses against both XBB and BA.2.86 variants. JN.1 displays lower affinity to ACE2 and higher immune evasion properties compared to BA.2.86.1. Thus, while distinct, the evolutionary trajectory of these variants combines increased fitness and antibody evasion.

Published
2024
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2. Investigation of the mechanical work during ultrasonic fatigue loading using pulsed time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Author

Vincent Jacquemain, Christophe Cheuleu, Nicolas Ranc, Olivier Castelnau, Vincent Michel, Doriana Vinci, Véronique Favier, Cristian Mocuta, and Dominique Thiaudiere

Subjects
x-ray diffraction, ultrasonic fatigue machine, very high cycle fatigue, pump–probe method, pulsed x-ray source, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

In the energy production and transportation industries, numerous metallic structures may be subjected to at least several billions of cycles, i.e. loaded in the very high cycle fatigue domain (VHCF). Therefore, to design structures in the VHCF domain, a reliable methodology is necessary. One useful quantity to characterize plastic activity at the microscopic scale and fatigue damage evolution is the mechanical work supplied to a material. However, the estimation of this mechanical work in a metal during ultrasonic fatigue tests remains challenging. This paper aims to present an innovative methodology to quantify this. An experimental procedure was developed to estimate the mechanical work from stress and total strain evolution measurements during one loading cycle with a time accuracy of about 50 ns. This was achieved by conducting time-resolved X-ray diffraction coupled to strain gauge measurements at a synchrotron facility working in pulsed mode (single-bunch mode).

Published
2024
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3. The SNARE protein SNAP-25 is required for normal exocytosis at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses

Author

Charlotte Calvet, Thibault Peineau, Najate Benamer, Maxence Cornille, Andrea Lelli, Baptiste Plion, Ghizlène Lahlou, Julia Fanchette, Sylvie Nouaille, Jacques Boutet de Monvel, Amrit Estivalet, Philippe Jean, Vincent Michel, Martin Sachse, Nicolas Michalski, Paul Avan, Christine Petit, Didier Dulon, and Saaid Safieddine

Subjects
Biological sciences, Neuroscience, Sensory neuroscience, Science
Abstract

Summary: Hearing depends on fast and sustained calcium-dependent synaptic vesicle fusion at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). The implication of the canonical neuronal SNARE complex in this exocytotic process has so far remained controversial. We investigated the role of SNAP-25, a key component of this complex, in hearing, by generating and analyzing a conditional knockout mouse model allowing a targeted postnatal deletion of Snap-25 in IHCs. Mice subjected to IHC Snap-25 inactivation after hearing onset developed severe to profound deafness because of defective IHC exocytosis followed by ribbon degeneration and IHC loss. Viral transfer of Snap-25 in these mutant mice rescued their hearing function by restoring IHC exocytosis and preventing synapses and hair cells from degeneration. These results demonstrate that SNAP-25 is essential for normal hearing function, most likely by ensuring IHC exocytosis and ribbon synapse maintenance.

Published
2022
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4. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the dedifferentiation of multiciliated cells and impairs mucociliary clearance

Author

Rémy Robinot, Mathieu Hubert, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Françoise Lazarini, Timothée Bruel, Nikaïa Smith, Sylvain Levallois, Florence Larrous, Julien Fernandes, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Stéphane Rigaud, Olivier Gorgette, Catherine Thouvenot, Céline Trébeau, Adeline Mallet, Guillaume Duménil, Samy Gobaa, Raphaël Etournay, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Marc Lecuit, Hervé Bourhy, Darragh Duffy, Vincent Michel, Olivier Schwartz, and Lisa A. Chakrabarti

Subjects
Science
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection damages the airways. Here the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the rapid loss of airway motile cilia, resulting in altered cilia clearance function. Cilia loss is preceded by reduced expression of the ciliogenesis regulator Foxj1.

Published
2021
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5. Foaming parameter identification of polyurethane using FOAMAT[R] device

Author

Raimbault, Clement, Laure, Patrice, Francois, Guillaume, Boyer, Severine, Vincent, Michel, Choquart, Francois, and Agassant, Jean-Francois

Subjects
Plastic foams -- Chemical properties -- Models, Mathematical models -- Usage, Polyurethanes -- Chemical properties -- Models, Chemical reaction, Rate of -- Models, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

A key problem in the modeling of polyurethane (PU) foaming is the determination of relevant physical parameters for the viscosity, the gas expansion, and the curing rate. Indeed, it is difficult to measure the chemical kinetics parameters as well as the viscosity of industrial PU formulations (polyol-isocyanatewater mixture) because the time scales of gas production and PU crosslinking are very short and hardly compatible with the installation of the sample in characterization devices such as differential scanning calorimetry and parallel plates rheometer. A FOAMAT[R] system has been developed to get these experimental data but the relationship between measurements and the rheo-chemical parameters has not been clearly established. In this paper, an analytical model of the foaming process is developed in the cylindrical FOAMAT geometry, which allows identifying the parameters of the curing and gas production kinetics equations, as well as the viscosity. This analytical model is based on a set of simplifying hypotheses which validity is checked using the finite element computation software REM3D dedicated to foaming modeling and applicable for injection-molding processing. KEYWORDS foam, FOAMAT experiments, foaming and curing kinetics, modeling, polyurethane, rheology, 1 | INTRODUCTION Polyurethane (PU) foams are produced by mixing polyol, isocyanate, and a blowing agent such as water. Two main chemical reactions are in competition: isocyanate and water produce [...]

Published
2021
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6. France

Author

Vincent Michel

Subjects
History of Spain, DP1-402, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, PQ1-3999
Published
2020
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7. Implication of Vestibular Hair Cell Loss of Planar Polarity for the Canal and Otolith-Dependent Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Celsr1–/– Mice

Author

François Simon, Fadel Tissir, Vincent Michel, Ghizlene Lahlou, Michael Deans, and Mathieu Beraneck

Subjects
vestibulo ocular reflex, planar cell polarity (PCP), vestibular system, CELSR1, mouse model, hair cell, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Introduction: Vestibular sensory hair cells are precisely orientated according to planar cell polarity (PCP) and are key to enable mechanic-electrical transduction and normal vestibular function. PCP is found on different scales in the vestibular organs, ranging from correct hair bundle orientation, coordination of hair cell orientation with neighboring hair cells, and orientation around the striola in otolithic organs. Celsr1 is a PCP protein and a Celsr1 KO mouse model showed hair cell disorganization in all vestibular organs, especially in the canalar ampullae. The objective of this work was to assess to what extent the different vestibulo-ocular reflexes were impaired in Celsr1 KO mice.Methods: Vestibular function was analyzed using non-invasive video-oculography. Semicircular canal function was assessed during sinusoidal rotation and during angular velocity steps. Otolithic function (mainly utricular) was assessed during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) and during static and dynamic head tilts.Results: The vestibulo-ocular reflex of 10 Celsr1 KO and 10 control littermates was analyzed. All KO mice presented with spontaneous nystagmus or gaze instability in dark. Canalar function was reduced almost by half in KO mice. Compared to control mice, KO mice had reduced angular VOR gain in all tested frequencies (0.2–1.5 Hz), and abnormal phase at 0.2 and 0.5 Hz. Concerning horizontal steps, KO mice had reduced responses. Otolithic function was reduced by about a third in KO mice. Static ocular-counter roll gain and OVAR bias were both significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that canal- and otolith-dependent vestibulo-ocular reflexes are impaired in KO mice.Conclusion: The major ampullar disorganization led to an important reduction but not to a complete loss of angular coding capacities. Mildly disorganized otolithic hair cells were associated with a significant loss of otolith-dependent function. These results suggest that the highly organized polarization of otolithic hair cells is a critical factor for the accurate encoding of the head movement and that the loss of a small fraction of the otolithic hair cells in pathological conditions is likely to have major functional consequences. Altogether, these results shed light on how partial loss of vestibular information encoding, as often encountered in pathological situations, translates into functional deficits.

Published
2021
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8. SARS-CoV-2 infection: its psychiatric manifestations

Author

Noel Lorenzo-Villalba, Xavier Jannot, Anezka Syrovatkova, Vincent Michel, and Emmanuel Andres

Subjects
sars-cov-2, psychoses, delirium, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Background: The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection was initially dominated by respiratory symptoms. However the clinical spectrum is wide and neuropsychiatric syndromes are also a source of medical concern. Our aims are to present an atypical clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by auditory hallucinations and unusual behavior and to emphasize the diversity of clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with a one-day history of auditory hallucinations, unusual behavior, changes in her sleeping habits and incoherent speech. No other symptoms were reported. Blood examinations confirmed high elevated white cell count and C-reactive protein. The head CT scan was normal but the chest scan showed right ground-glass opacities in the lower zones. The oropharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Based on these results, the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was retained. The patient received no specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and only needed oxygen therapy support for 7 days. Additional dose of Olanzapine 10 mg daily was initially prescribed but the patient was back to her usual self on day 14 of hospital admission leading to its discontinuation. This clinical course was consistent with a first episode of psychosis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Neuroinflammation owing to SARS-CoV-2 infection could be responsible for a wide and unknown spectrum of neuropsychiatric manifestations. During this pandemic, special attention should be given to patients with no previous history of psychiatric disorders presenting to ED with neuropsychiatric syndromes of unknown etiology.

Published
2020

9. Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar

Author

Lancelot, Renaud, Béral, Marina, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Andriamandimby, Soa-Fy, Héraud, Jean-Michel, Coste, Caroline, Apolloni, Andrea, Squarzoni-Diaw, Cécile, de La Rocque, Stéphane, Formenty, Pierre B. H., Bouyer, Jérémy, Wint, G. R. William, and Cardinale, Eric

Published
2017

10. CIB2, defective in isolated deafness, is key for auditory hair cell mechanotransduction and survival

Author

Vincent Michel, Kevin T Booth, Pranav Patni, Matteo Cortese, Hela Azaiez, Amel Bahloul, Kimia Kahrizi, Ménélik Labbé, Alice Emptoz, Andrea Lelli, Julie Dégardin, Typhaine Dupont, Asadollah Aghaie, Danuta Oficjalska‐Pham, Serge Picaud, Hossein Najmabadi, Richard J Smith, Michael R Bowl, Steven DM Brown, Paul Avan, Christine Petit, and Aziz El‐Amraoui

Subjects
CIB proteins, human and mouse deafness, Usher syndrome diagnosis, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Defects of CIB2, calcium‐ and integrin‐binding protein 2, have been reported to cause isolated deafness, DFNB48 and Usher syndrome type‐IJ, characterized by congenital profound deafness, balance defects and blindness. We report here two new nonsense mutations (pGln12* and pTyr110*) in CIB2 patients displaying nonsyndromic profound hearing loss, with no evidence of vestibular or retinal dysfunction. Also, the generated CIB2−/− mice display an early onset profound deafness and have normal balance and retinal functions. In these mice, the mechanoelectrical transduction currents are totally abolished in the auditory hair cells, whilst they remain unchanged in the vestibular hair cells. The hair bundle morphological abnormalities of CIB2−/− mice, unlike those of mice defective for the other five known USH1 proteins, begin only after birth and lead to regression of the stereocilia and rapid hair‐cell death. This essential role of CIB2 in mechanotransduction and cell survival that, we show, is restricted to the cochlea, probably accounts for the presence in CIB2−/− mice and CIB2 patients, unlike in Usher syndrome, of isolated hearing loss without balance and vision deficits.

Published
2017
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11. Do awareness campaigns improve communities' knowledge, attitudes and practices on rabies? A two-stage studies in Menabe region, Madagascar

Author

Kassie, Daouda, Randriafaraniaina, Volatiana, Ravolatsara, Arlette Florine, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Cardinale, Eric, Kassie, Daouda, Randriafaraniaina, Volatiana, Ravolatsara, Arlette Florine, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, and Cardinale, Eric

Abstract

In November 2020, a Baseline study was conducted among 342 participants, followed by an awareness campaign.Then an Endline study was carried out with 337 other participants in January 2021, to assess communitiesknowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to rabies in the same study areas. The same questionnaires were used to assess communities KAP. A significant improvement in participants KAP related to rabies was observed. The good knowledge average score increased from 36% to 61%, positive attitudes improved from 39% to 55%, and good practices increased from 7% to 81%. The participants mean KAP score increases from 27% at Baseline to 66% at Endline. Multivariable logistic regressions performed after both phasesrevealed that participants who heard or saw information about rabies during an awareness campaign had higher KAP levels compared to others. This study demonstrated the awareness campaign importance, and the need to continue and intensify efforts to raise rural communities awareness, by using mass communication methods such as radio broadcasts, video spots and flyers in local language to reach morepeople.

Published
2023

12. Local solutions towards rabies-related human mortality elimination by 2030 in the Menabe Region (Madagascar)

Author

Kassie, Daouda, Randriafaraniaina, V., Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Ravolatsara, Arlette Florine, Kassie, Daouda, Randriafaraniaina, V., Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, and Ravolatsara, Arlette Florine

Abstract

In Madagascar, rabies is a significant public health challenge. However, due to the underreporting of many cases and a lack of awareness about post-exposure prophylaxis, the number of rabies cases is likely underestimated. To address this issue, focus groups were conducted following successive awareness- raising sessions about rabies. The main aim of this study was to gain insight into how communities perceive the global goal of eliminating rabies-related human fatalities by 2030. This understanding would help identify effective strategies for addressing the problem. As part of these focus groups, a video in the local language (Malagasy) was presented to all participants, explaining key information about rabies, including its symptoms and what to do in case of animal bites. This video allowed participants to share their own experiences, express their perspectives on rabies surveillance, and suggest practical actions to achieve zero human deaths from rabies by 2030, within their communities. The suggested actions can be summarized into themes (topics), which include improving access to medical care, educating relevant stakeholders, managing the local dog population, fostering collaboration among different stakeholders, reducing the number of stray dogs, implementing vaccination programs, enacting and enforcing relevant laws and regulations, managing dog bites and rabies cases, allocating and utilizing financial resources effectively, and examining local customs. The discussions typically framed these themes in terms of existing deficiencies or inadequacies. According to the insights gathered from these community-driven discussions, activities such as stakeholder education, awareness campaigns, and training should start promptly and continue over a long-term period. In this perspective on tackle rabies, issues related to financial resources were viewed as having a cross-cutting nature, offering potential solutions for short, medium, and long-term challenges. This stud

Published
2023

14. Stiffness and tension gradients of the hair cell’s tip-link complex in the mammalian cochlea

Author

Mélanie Tobin, Atitheb Chaiyasitdhi, Vincent Michel, Nicolas Michalski, and Pascal Martin

Subjects
hair cell, hair bundle, cochlea, hearing, tonotopy, frequency selectivity, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Sound analysis by the cochlea relies on frequency tuning of mechanosensory hair cells along a tonotopic axis. To clarify the underlying biophysical mechanism, we have investigated the micromechanical properties of the hair cell’s mechanoreceptive hair bundle within the apical half of the rat cochlea. We studied both inner and outer hair cells, which send nervous signals to the brain and amplify cochlear vibrations, respectively. We find that tonotopy is associated with gradients of stiffness and resting mechanical tension, with steeper gradients for outer hair cells, emphasizing the division of labor between the two hair-cell types. We demonstrate that tension in the tip links that convey force to the mechano-electrical transduction channels increases at reduced Ca2+. Finally, we reveal gradients in stiffness and tension at the level of a single tip link. We conclude that mechanical gradients of the tip-link complex may help specify the characteristic frequency of the hair cell.

Published
2019
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15. Analysis of As-Built Microstructures and Recrystallization Phenomena on Inconel 625 Alloy Obtained via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Author

Thibaut De Terris, Olivier Castelnau, Zehoua Hadjem-Hamouche, Halim Haddadi, Vincent Michel, and Patrice Peyre

Subjects
laser-powder bed fusion, Inconel 625, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), recrystallization, dislocation density, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The microstructures induced by the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process have been widely investigated over the last decade, especially on austenitic stainless steels (AISI 316L) and nickel-based superalloys (Inconel 718, Inconel 625). However, the conditions required to initiate recrystallization of L-PBF samples at high temperatures require further investigation, especially regarding the physical origins of substructures (dislocation densities) induced by the L-PBF process. Indeed, the recrystallization widely depends on the specimen substructure, and in the case of the L-PBF process, the substructure is obtained during rapid solidification. In this paper, a comparison is presented between Inconel 625 specimens obtained with different laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) conditions. The effects of the energy density (VED) values on as-built and heat-under microstructures are also investigated. It is first shown that L-PBF specimens created with high-energy conditions recrystallize earlier due to a larger density of geometrically necessary dislocations. Moreover, it is shown that lower energy densities offers better tensile properties for as-built specimens. However, an appropriate heat treatment makes it possible to homogenize the tensile properties.

Published
2021
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16. Novel gene function revealed by mouse mutagenesis screens for models of age-related disease

Author

Paul K. Potter, Michael R. Bowl, Prashanthini Jeyarajan, Laura Wisby, Andrew Blease, Michelle E. Goldsworthy, Michelle M. Simon, Simon Greenaway, Vincent Michel, Alun Barnard, Carlos Aguilar, Thomas Agnew, Gareth Banks, Andrew Blake, Lauren Chessum, Joanne Dorning, Sara Falcone, Laurence Goosey, Shelley Harris, Andy Haynes, Ines Heise, Rosie Hillier, Tertius Hough, Angela Hoslin, Marie Hutchison, Ruairidh King, Saumya Kumar, Heena V. Lad, Gemma Law, Robert E. MacLaren, Susan Morse, Thomas Nicol, Andrew Parker, Karen Pickford, Siddharth Sethi, Becky Starbuck, Femke Stelma, Michael Cheeseman, Sally H. Cross, Russell G. Foster, Ian J. Jackson, Stuart N. Peirson, Rajesh V. Thakker, Tonia Vincent, Cheryl Scudamore, Sara Wells, Aziz El-Amraoui, Christine Petit, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena, Patrick M. Nolan, Roger Cox, Anne-Marie Mallon, and Steve D. M. Brown

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Random mutagenesis can uncover novel genes involved in phenotypic traits. Here the authors perform a large-scale phenotypic screen on over 100 mouse strains generated by ENU mutagenesis to identify mice with age-related diseases, which they attribute to specific mutations revealed by whole-genome sequencing.

Published
2016
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18. Practice abstracts, number 26-50

Author

Vincent Michel, Leendert Molendijk, and Miguel de Cara Garcia

Abstract

Best4Soil delivers 50 practice abstracts, a short summary of the projects results, with information that is of practical use for farmers and advisors, the main target group of these practice abstacts. This deliverable reports the second batch of practice abstracts, number 26 - 50. This second batch of practice abstracts is also reported to the EIP in the specific Excel format. The practice abstracts are edited for publication in pdf on https://www.best4soil.eu/factsheets. Paragraph 1.1 to 1.25 give a copy of the text as written in the EIP practice abstracts, and additional the pictures we included in the edited practice abstracts on the website.

Published
2022

19. Crystalline silica exposure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis: a nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Author

Cavalin, Catherine, Lescoat, Alain, Sigaux, Johanna, Macchi, Odile, Ballerie, Alice, Catinon, Mickaël, Vincent, Michel, Semerano, Luca, Boissier, Marie-Christophe, and Rosental, Paul-André

Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design, SILICON, RESEARCH methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SYSTEMIC scleroderma, PUBLIC health, OCCUPATIONAL exposure, SEX distribution, COMPARATIVE studies, RHEUMATOID arthritis, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure
Abstract

Objectives Develop and validate a thorough exposure questionnaire to comprehensively explore crystalline silica (SiO2) exposure in the general population (gender-specific, occupational and non-occupational) and in patients with autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc)). Methods Lifetime exposures to SiO2 in occupational and non-occupational settings were assessed using a thorough exposure questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to a general population panel (n  = 2911) sampled from the French rolling census, and to unselected patients with SSc (n  = 100) and RA (n  = 97). Global (GES), occupational (OES) and non-occupational (NOES) exposure scores were assessed in SSc and RA patients, and compared with up to four controls from the general population, matched by age group, sex and tobacco consumption. Results Patients had higher GES than their matched controls (SSc: P  = 0.001; RA: P  < 0.0001) due to higher OES (P  < 0.0001 for SSc and RA). Men had higher GES than women (SSc: P  < 0.0001; RA: P  = 0.002) due to higher OES (P  < 0.0001 for SSc and RA). The NOES did not differ between men and women. In SSc patients: Men had higher GES than controls (P  < 0.0001). Men and women with SSc had higher OES than controls (P  < 0.0001). In RA patients: GES and OES were higher in both men (P  = 0.00521; P  < 0.0001) and women (P  < 0.0001; P  < 0.0001) than in their respective controls. Women had higher NOES than controls (P  = 0.045). Conclusion The lifetime SiO2 exposure gap between RA and SSc patients and controls was substantially due to occupational exposure. In both diseases, men had higher exposure scores than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Strengthened Through Laser Carburization

Author

Zhige Wang, Justin Dirrenberger, Pierre Lapouge, Sébastien Dubent, Hamza Jabir, and Vincent Michel

Subjects
Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], laser processing, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, carburization, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Carburization assisted by laser processing is a promising method to strengthen metallic materials. Direct laser beam carburization is implemented for the first time on thin AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel (FSS) sheets with graphite coating under different conditions. Microstructural morphology, phase constitution, carbon content, microhardness, and tensile behavior are investigated to evaluate the laser carburization effect. The carburized zone presents different morphologies according to the linear energy density of the laser beam. The least carbon content is around 0.4 wt% in the carburized zone where austenite becomes the leading phase. Delta ferrite is found in a cellular carburized area, which resembles a duplex microstructure. The hardness of carburized zone has been at least increased by 130%, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of a fully carburized sample can be increased by respectively 90% and 85%. This hardening effect is driven by the precipitation of carbides formed during solidification offering pinning points for dislocations and grain boundaries. These improvements could be useful to modify locally ferritic stainless steel to meet industrial needs such as wear-resistant surfaces.

Published
2022

21. The CD2 isoform of protocadherin‐15 is an essential component of the tip‐link complex in mature auditory hair cells

Author

Elise Pepermans, Vincent Michel, Richard Goodyear, Crystel Bonnet, Samia Abdi, Typhaine Dupont, Souad Gherbi, Muriel Holder, Mohamed Makrelouf, Jean‐Pierre Hardelin, Sandrine Marlin, Akila Zenati, Guy Richardson, Paul Avan, Amel Bahloul, and Christine Petit

Subjects
auditory mechano‐electrical transduction, deafness, protocadherin‐15, stereocilia, tip‐link, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Protocadherin‐15 (Pcdh15) is a component of the tip‐links, the extracellular filaments that gate hair cell mechano‐electrical transduction channels in the inner ear. There are three Pcdh15 splice isoforms (CD1, CD2 and CD3), which only differ by their cytoplasmic domains; they are thought to function redundantly in mechano‐electrical transduction during hair‐bundle development, but whether any of these isoforms composes the tip‐link in mature hair cells remains unknown. By immunolabelling and both morphological and electrophysiological analyses of post‐natal hair cell‐specific conditional knockout mice (Pcdh15ex38‐fl/ex38‐flMyo15‐cre+/−) that lose only this isoform after normal hair‐bundle development, we show that Pcdh15‐CD2 is an essential component of tip‐links in mature auditory hair cells. The finding, in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state, of a PCDH15 frameshift mutation (p.P1515Tfs*4) that affects only Pcdh15‐CD2, in profoundly deaf children from two unrelated families, extends this conclusion to humans. These results provide key information for identification of new components of the mature auditory mechano‐electrical transduction machinery. This will also serve as a basis for the development of gene therapy for deafness caused by PCDH15 defects.

Published
2014
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22. L’anémone de mer Nematostella vectensis

Author

Aldine R. Amiel, João E. Carvalho, Christine Petit, Vincent Michel, Marina Shkreli, Eric Röttinger, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Nematostella, petite anémone de mer, possède de fascinantes propriétés, telles que la régénération du corps entier, l’absence de signes de vieillissement et d’affections liées à l’âge comme, par exemple, le développement de cancers. Elle se cultive aisément et se reproduit en laboratoire. Malgré son aspect « simple », cet invertébré marin de l’embranchement des cnidaires partage avec les vertébrés des caractéristiques non seulement morphologiques, mais également génomiques. La communauté scientifique développe aujourd’hui une variété d’outils de génomique fonctionnelle permettant l’utilisation de cet animal de façon intégrative dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative, de la longévité et des maladies mécano-sensorielles. Son étude se présente comme particulièrement prometteuse pour faire progresser la connaissance dans ces différents domaines, offrant des possibilités expérimentales qui font défaut dans les modèles animaux classiques.

Published
2021

23. Un panel français

Author

Amossé, Thomas, Berry, Vincent, Catinon, Mickaël, Cavalin, Catherine, Caveng, Rémy, Cayouette-Remblière, Joanie, Coavoux, Samuel, Cornilleau, Anne, Coulangeon, Philippe, Darbus, Fanny, Diabaté, Sabine, Didelon-Loiseau, Clarisse, Duwez, Emmanuelle, Flipo, Aurore, Goffette, Céline, Grasland, Claude, Joye, Dominique, Macchi, Odile, Mercklé, Pierre, Minassian, Hovig Ter, Pécout, Hugues, Prauthois, Lus, Recchi, Ettore, Régnier-Loilier, Arnaud, Rosental, Paul-André, Roth, Paul-Marie, Ruckdeschel, Kerstin, Salles, Anne, Sinthon, Rémi, Spire, Alexis, Thine, Sylvain, Toulemon, Laurent, Vincent, Michel, Duwez, Emmanuelle, Mercklé, Pierre, Denord, François, and Serre, Delphine

Subjects
questions de sociétés, SOC006000, enquêtes statistiques, enquêtes par Internet, pratiques sociales et culturelles des Français, JHBD, Demography
Abstract

Quelles relations les Français entretiennent-ils avec les territoires qui les entourent ? Que peut-on dire des inégalités dans le domaine des pratiques culturelles, de la mobilité des personnes, ou de l’accès à la justice ? Quel impact le modèle familial peut-il avoir sur la fécondité d’un pays ? Voici quelques-unes des questions posées dans le cadre de l’Étude longitudinale par Internet pour les sciences sociales (Elipss). En quelques années, le panel Elipss a permis d’accumuler une variété impressionnante de données très détaillées, qui éclairent sur de multiples situations, pratiques et attitudes dans un grand nombre de domaines de la vie sociale. Tout en apportant des éclairages nouveaux, le propos d’Un panel français est de susciter une réflexion sur les manières de recueillir ces informations. Peut-on se fier à des données sur les pratiques culturelles qui paraissent se contredire dans le temps ? Les enquêtés interprètent-ils de la même manière que l’enquêteur les différentes entreprises de catégorisation de l’espace social ? L’espace géographique nécessite-t-il un planisphère pour être questionné ? L’ouvrage rend compte des avancées de connaissances permises par le panel Elipss et en présente les particularités méthodologiques. Mises bout à bout, les dizaines de « petites enquêtes » menées pendant plusieurs années constituent, au total, un dispositif exceptionnel, riche de perspectives inédites.

Published
2022

24. Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques sur la rage dans trois réserves naturelles de la Région Menabe, Madagascar

Author

Randriafaraniaina, Volatiana, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Ravolatsara, Arlette, Cardinale, Eric, Kassie, Daouda, Randriafaraniaina, Volatiana, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Ravolatsara, Arlette, Cardinale, Eric, and Kassie, Daouda

Abstract

La rage est une zoonose endémique à Madagascar et engendre entre 300 et 700 décès chaque année malgré l'existence d'un vaccin canin efficace. Le risque de transmission et l'impact de la maladie sont mal connus dans ce pays. Plusieurs organisations internationales ont lancé en 2015 un appel pour un monde indemne de rage humaine transmise par les chiens d'ici à 2030. Malheureusement, cette maladie demeure négligée et reste un problème de santé publique à Madagascar, malgré l'existence d'un système de surveillance passif. La méconnaissance de cette maladie et l'influence des facteurs socio-économiques pourraient rendre la rage endémique dans le pays. Pour évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques (CAP) des populations sur la rage, et identifier des outils de sensibilisation adaptés au contexte local, une enquête communautaire a été menée dans dix Fokontany couvrant trois réserves naturelles Alan'Ankisira, Alan'i Marosolaza et Alan'Andranomena de la région Menabe à l'ouest de Madagascar. L'étude s'est déroulée en deux phases du 5 à 29 Novembre 2020 (Baseline), puis du 5 à 22 Janvier 2021 (Endline). Une population totale de 342 ménages a été enquêtée en Baseline. A la fin de cette phase, des messages de sensibilisation dont des émissions radiophoniques dans deux radios locales couvrant la zone d'étude, des flyers , des affiches et des projections vidéo ont été diffusés. En Endline 337 ménages ont été enquêtés avec les mêmes questionnaires qu'en Baseline. Des scores de CAP sur la rage ont été calculés à partir de questionnaires administrés aux participants. L'étude a montré que les niveaux de CAP des populations ont été améliorés entre les deux phases, passant de 27% (en Baseline) à 66% bonnes réponses (en Endline). La moyenne de l'ensemble sur les Connaissances sur la rage est passée de 36% à 61 % de bonnes réponses en Endline. Pour les bonnes Attitudes face à la rage, elles sont passées de 39% à 55%. Quant aux bonnes Pratiques, elles ont évolué de 7% à 81%. Les

Published
2022

25. Morphological analysis of microcellular PP produced in a core-back injection process using chemical blowing agents and gas counter pressure

Author

Ruiz, Jose Antonio Reglero, Vincent, Michel, Agassant, Jean-Francois, Claverie, Aurore, and Huck, Sebastien

Subjects
Polypropylene -- Properties -- Analysis, Blowing agents -- Usage, Injection molding -- Analysis, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

A complete experimental analysis of the microcellular injection process using Chemical Blowing Agents (CBA) with Gas Counter Pressure (GCP) and core-back expansion is presented. Three different types of polypropylene, neat and charged, were mixed with two different CBAs and injected into a plate mold with varying process parameters. First, an exhaustive cartographical mapping of the plate morphology is analyzed. In a second step, the relation between injection parameters and the resulting morphology is investigated. The results show that injection time affects the cellular structure. The formulation, especially the type of chemical foaming agent, controls the average bubble radius. Compared with classical injection process, the use of CBAs, combined to Gas Counter Pressure and core-back process, allows obtaining parts with good surface aspect, more homogeneous cellular structures and smaller bubble radius., INTRODUCTION The commercial and industrial interest in polymeric structural foams has been increasing in the last years because of the combination of good mechanical properties and weight reduction. Especially in [...]

Published
2015
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26. Polymer foaming with chemical blowing agents: experiment and modeling

Author

Ruiz, Jose Antonio Reglero, Vincent, Michel, Agassant, Jean-Francois, Sadik, Tarik, Pillon, Caroline, and Carrot, Christian

Subjects
Blowing agents -- Analysis -- Properties, Polymers -- Properties -- Analysis, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

An experimental and theoretical analysis of the polypropylene foaming process using three different chemical blowing agents (CBA) was performed. A simple experiment was designed to analyze the foaming process of polypropylene (PP)/C[O.sub.2] system under two different pressure conditions. The expansion ratio and final foam structure was measured both by direct observation and from optical measurements and image analysis, showing a good agreement. A single bubble simulation based on relevant differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetrical analysis experiments, assuming each CBA particles as a nucleation site and accounting for gas diffusion in the surrounding polymer matrix has been built. The sensitivity of the model to physical and processing parameters has been tested. The calculation results are compared to the experiments and open the route to a simplified method for evaluating the efficiency of CBA., INTRODUCTION The foaming process to produce microcellular thermoplastics has been widely analysed in the last decades. Microcellular plastics are generally formed by cell nucleation and growth of bubbles in the [...]

Published
2015
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27. Numerical and experimental study of the electrofusion welding process of polyethylene pipes

Author

Chebbo, Ziad, Vincent, Michel, Boujlal, Adil, Gueugnaut, Dominique, and Tillier, Yannick

Subjects
Welding -- Models, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The electrofusion welding process is widely used to join polyethylene components in gas distribution networks. This article provides experimental and 3D-finite element tools capable of reproducing the major phenomena that occur during an electrofusion process. A specific version of the 3D- finite element model simulation software Forge® has been developed to take into account the fitting parameters such as polyethylene thermal properties (i.e., melting and crystallization kinetics, phase transition, and thermal contact resistance) and the electrical and geometrical settings (i.e., welding input parameters). From a numerical point of view, a well refined highly anisotropic mesh adaptation is applied to well capture the contact condition between the heat source and the polyethylene. The computed results (temperature, melted, and cold areas) were compared with experimental data and gave very good agreement in terms of temperature and liquid phase fraction distribution., INTRODUCTION Polyethylene is the most commonly used thermoplastic material for the gas distribution piping systems due to its main advantages (e.g., toughness, flexibility, and chemically inert) compared with metallic materials [...]

Published
2015
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28. Correction: Sadiq et al. A Characterization and Cell Toxicity Assessment of Particulate Pollutants from Road Traffic Sites in Kano State, Nigeria. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 80

Author

Sadiq, Aishatu Abubakar, primary, Khardi, Salah, additional, Lazar, Adina-Nicoleta, additional, Bello, Imam Wada, additional, Salam, Samson Polycarp, additional, Faruk, Aisha, additional, Alao, Mitchell A., additional, Catinon, Mickaël, additional, Vincent, Michel, additional, and Trunfio-Sfarghiu, Ana-Maria, additional

Published
2022
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29. High Prevalence of West Nile Virus in Domestic Birds and Detection in 2 New Mosquito Species in Madagascar.

Author

Marianne Maquart, Sébastien Boyer, Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome, Julie Ravaomanana, Michael Luciano Tantely, Jean-Michel Heraud, and Eric Cardinale

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

West Nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. Its distribution is largely widespread over Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe. Since 1978, it has frequently been reported in Madagascar. Studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of WNV infection was reported in 2011. Despite these reports, the epidemiology of WNV in Madagascar, in particular, viral circulation remains unclear. To explore the transmission of WNV in two rural human populations of Madagascar, we investigated local mosquitoes and poultry for evidence of current infections, and determined seroprevalence of candidate sentinel species among the local poultry. These 2 areas are close to lakes where domestic birds, migratory wild birds and humans coexist. Serological analysis revealed WNV antibodies in domestic birds (duck, chicken, goose, turkey and guinea fowl) sampled in both districts (Antsalova 29.4% and Mitsinjo 16.7%). West Nile virus nucleic acid was detected in one chicken and in 8 pools of mosquitoes including 2 mosquito species (Aedeomyia madagascarica and Anopheles pauliani) that have not been previously described as candidate vectors for WNV. Molecular analysis of WNV isolates showed that all viruses detected were part of the lineage 2 that is mainly distributed in Africa, and were most closely matched by the previous Malagasy strains isolated in 1988. Our study showed that WNV circulates in Madagascar amongst domestic birds and mosquitoes, and highlights the utility of poultry as a surveillance tool to detect WNV transmission in a peri-domestic setting.

Published
2016
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30. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia induced by metal exposure. A case report and literature review

Author

Blin, Timothée, De Muret, Anne, Teulier, Marion, Ferreira, Marion, Vincent, Michel, Catinon, Mickaël, Legras, Antoine, Diot, Patrice, and Marchand-Adam, Sylvain

Subjects
Male, Inhalation Exposure, Granuloma, Respiratory Tract, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, Biopsy, Metal analysis, Case Report, Interstitial lung disease, Middle Aged, respiratory tract diseases, Treatment Outcome, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Zirconium lung, Humans, Aluminium lung, Zirconium, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Lung, Aluminum
Abstract

Background: Forms of interstitial pneumonia secondary to exposure to an air-contaminant are varied and so far, insufficiently described. Objectives/Methods: We report here a case of a 57-year-old patient managed in our department for the exploration of MRC grade 2 dyspnoea and interstitial pneumonia. He mentioned multiple occupational and domestic exposures such as hens’ excrements, asbestos and metal particles; he also had a previous history of smoking. Results: High-resolution computed tomography showed ground glass opacities predominating in posterior territories and surrounding cystic lesions or emphysematous destruction. The entire etiological assessment revealed only macrophagic alveolitis with giant multinucleated cells on the bronchoalveolar lavage. A surgical lung biopsy allowed us to refine the diagnosis with evidence of desquamative interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary granulomatosis. Finally, the analysis of the mineral particles in the biopsy revealed abnormally high rates of Zirconium and Aluminium. We were therefore able to conclude to a desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with pulmonary granulomatosis linked to metal exposure (Aluminium and Zirconium). The clinical, functional and radiological evolution was favorable after a systemic corticosteroid treatment with progressive decay over one year. Conclusion: This presentation reports the first case to our knowledge of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis related to exposure to Zirconium and the third one in the context of Aluminium exposure. The detailed analysis of the mineral particles present on the surgical lung biopsy allows for the identification of the relevant particle to refine the etiological diagnosis, to guide the therapeutic management and to give access to recognition as an occupational disease. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2020; 37 (1): 79-84)

Published
2020

31. Coupling between elastic strains and phase transition in dense pure zirconia polycrystals

Author

René Guinebretière, Taylan Ors, Vincent Michel, Elsa Thune, Marc Huger, Stephan Arnaud, Nils Blanc, Nathalie Boudet, Olivier Castelnau, Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRG & Grands instruments (NEEL - CRG), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Administrateur Ensam, Compte De Service

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, Sciences de l'ingénieur
Abstract

International audience; A deep understanding of the solid-state phase transition processes of zirconia is a mandatory requirement for the development of new zirconia-based materials useful for many industrial applications. For five decades, the monoclinic ⇔ tetragonal phase transition is described as a martensitic one and it is well known that it is associated with a large unit cell volume variation that promotes the appearance of elastic strains and also microcracking. In the present paper, we study, through in situ high temperature x-ray diffraction experiments, the coupling between strain relaxation and the martensitic phase transition into a pure zirconia bulk polycrystal. Quantitative analysis of the diffraction signal allows us to disentangle, with respect to the temperature variation, the phase transition and the microcracking processes, and we demonstrate that a high temperature postelaboration thermal treatment induces an increase in the stored elastic energy. Finally, we show that in such polycrystals exhibiting a crystal size distribution and in which the crystals are under internal stresses, the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition process evolves from a first order one to a second order one when the temperature decreases

Published
2022

32. Nouvelles recherches en Cyrénaïque (Libye)

Author

Vincent Michel

Subjects
Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

Érythron, l’actuel village de Latrun, est un site côtier placé au pied du djebel Akhdar, « la montagne Verte », entre Apollonia et Derna. La présence d’une source pérenne, mentionnée par Synésios de Cyrène au début du ve siècle après J.-C. (Lettre 51 ; 53 ; 66), a dû dicter le choix de développer une telle agglomération à cet endroit (Laronde & Michel 2004 : 1-2). Le site a été mentionné pour la première fois par les frères Beechey, qui ont rapproché le nom du wadi El-throon du nom antique Érythron (Beechey & Beechey 1828 : 478). Cette identification est confirmée par les brèves indications topographiques du géographe Ptolémée (IV, 4, 3) et du compilateur anonyme du Stadiasmus Maris Magni (§ 50), plaçant Érythron entre Apollonia et Derna…

Published
2011
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34. SARS-CoV-2 infection damages airway motile cilia and impairs mucociliary clearance

Author

Sylvain Levallois, Guillaume Duménil, Stéphane Rigaud, Françoise Lazarini, Olivier Gorgette, Lisa A. Chakrabarti, Rémy Robinot, Guilherme D. Melo, Julien Fernandes, Céline Trébeau, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Hervé Bourhy, Raphaël Etournay, Olivier Schwartz, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Samy Gobaa, Timothée Bruel, Florence Larrous, Mathieu Hubert, Marc Lecuit, Nikaïa Smith, Catherine Thouvenot, Darragh Duffy, Adeline Mallet, Vincent Michel, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie - Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BioImagerie Photonique – Photonic BioImaging (UTechS PBI), Hub d'analyse d'images - Image Analysis Hub (Platform) (IAH), Plateforme BioImagerie Ultrastructurale – Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform (UTechS UBI), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Plateforme technologique Biomatériaux et Microfluidique - Biomaterials and Microfluidics technologic Platform, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), This work was supported by : Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (Tropicoro project), DIM ELICIT Region Ile-de-France, and ANRS (L.A.C.), the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), ANRS, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029, 'CHIKV-Viro-Immuno' ANR-14-CE14- 0015-01, the Gilead HIV cure program, ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2 and IDISCOVR (O.S.), Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 and ANR Flash Covid CoVarImm (D.D.), Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (Neuro-Covid project) (H.B.). The Lledo’s lab is supported by the life insurance company 'AG2R-La-Mondiale'. The UtechS Photonic BioImaging (Imagopole) and the UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging (UBI) are supported by the French National Research Agency (France BioImaging, ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the Future). R.R. is the recipient of a Sidaction fellowship, N.S. of a Pasteur-Roux Cantarini fellowship, and St.G. of a MESR/Ecole Doctorale B3MI, Paris 7 University fellowship. S.L. is supported by FRM (fellowship ECO201906009119) and by 'Ecole Doctorale FIRE – Programme Bettencourt'., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), ANR-20-COVI-0059,PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2,Protéomique du SARS-CoV-2(2020), ANR-20-COVI-0053,CoVarImm,Variation de la réponse immune systémique et muqueuse pendant l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 et la convalescence(2020), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Axoneme, 0303 health sciences, Tight junction, Mucociliary clearance, Cilium, Biology, respiratory system, 3. Good health, Cell biology, respiratory tract diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Parenchyma, Motile cilium, medicine, Basal body, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030304 developmental biology, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads within the respiratory tract is important to define the parameters controlling the severity of COVID-19. We examined the functional and structural consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a reconstituted human bronchial epithelium model. SARS-CoV-2 replication caused a transient decrease in epithelial barrier function and disruption of tight junctions, though viral particle crossing remained limited. Rather, SARS-CoV-2 replication led to a rapid loss of the ciliary layer, characterized at the ultrastructural level by axoneme loss and misorientation of remaining basal bodies. The motile cilia function was compromised, as measured in a mucociliary clearance assay. Epithelial defense mechanisms, including basal cell mobilization and interferon-lambda induction, ramped up only after the initiation of cilia damage. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters further demonstrated the loss of motile ciliain vivo. This study identifies cilia damage as a pathogenic mechanism that could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread to the deeper lung parenchyma.

Published
2021

35. Otogelin, otogelin-like, and stereocilin form links connecting outer hair cell stereocilia to each other and the tectorial membrane

Author

Paul Avan, Sébastien Le Gal, Vincent Michel, Typhaine Dupont, Elisabeth Verpy, Christine Petit, Jean-Pierre Hardelin, Equipe Biophysique Neurosensorielle [Neuro-Dol], Neuro-Dol (Neuro-Dol), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Neuro-Dol (Neuro-Dol), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Collège de France - Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This work was supported by the European Commission (ERC-2011-ADG-294570, to C.P.), Banque Nationale de Paris Paribas, Fondation pour l’Audition, Stiftung Lebenshilfewerk, and by French state funds managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche within the 'Investissement d’Avenir' program (ANR-15-RHUS-0001 and LabEx LifeSenses ANR-10-LABX-65) and ANR-16-CE13-0015-02., We thank Jacques Boutet de Monvel for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Jérémie Chatel-Poujade, Isabelle Perfettini, and Céline Trébeau for technical assistance., ANR-15-RHUS-0001,LIGHT4DEAF,ECLAIRER LA SURDITÉ : UNE APPROCHE HOLISTIQUE DU SYNDROME D'USHER(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire

Subjects
Tectorial Membrane, Tectorial membrane, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Stereocilia (inner ear), Mechanoelectrical transduction, horizontal top connector, Deafness, Stereocilia, Hair Cells, Vestibular, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, otoacoustic emission, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, air bundle link, Outer hair cells, tectorial membrane-attachment crown, Cochlea, 030304 developmental biology, outer hair cell, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Membrane Glycoproteins, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Biological Sciences, Cell biology, Sensory epithelium, Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, sense organs, Hair cell, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; The function of outer hair cells (OHCs), the mechanical actuators of the cochlea, involves the anchoring of their tallest stereocilia in the tectorial membrane (TM), an acellular structure overlying the sensory epithelium. Otogelin and otogelin-like are TM proteins related to secreted epithelial mucins. Defects in either cause the DFNB18B and DFNB84B genetic forms of deafness, respectively, both characterized by congenital mild-to-moderate hearing impairment. We show here that mutant mice lacking otogelin or otogelin-like have a marked OHC dysfunction, with almost no acoustic distortion products despite the persistence of some mechanoelectrical transduction. In both mutants, these cells lack the horizontal top connectors, which are fibrous links joining adjacent stereocilia, and the TM-attachment crowns coupling the tallest stereocilia to the TM. These defects are consistent with the previously unrecognized presence of otogelin and otogelin-like in the OHC hair bundle. The defective hair bundle cohesiveness and the absence of stereociliary imprints in the TM observed in these mice have also been observed in mutant mice lacking stereocilin, a model of the DFNB16 genetic form of deafness, also characterized by congenital mild-to-moderate hearing impairment. We show that the localizations of stereocilin, otogelin, and otogelin-like in the hair bundle are interdependent, indicating that these proteins interact to form the horizontal top connectors and the TM-attachment crowns. We therefore suggest that these 2 OHC-specific structures have shared mechanical properties mediating reaction forces to sound-induced shearing motion and contributing to the coordinated displacement of stereocilia.

Published
2019

36. Validity of Crystal Plasticity Models Near Grain Boundaries: Contribution of Elastic Strain Measurements at Micron Scale

Author

Julien Stodolna, Claire Maurice, Emeric Plancher, Dominique Loisnard, Olivier Castelnau, Thierry Auger, Véronique Favier, Odile Robach, Vincent Michel, Jean-Baptiste Marijon, Pouya Tajdary, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Département Microstructures et Propriétés Mécaniques (MPM-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, HESAM Université (HESAM), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), EDF (EDF), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ESEME : Équipe du Supercritique pour l'Environnement, les Matériaux et l'Espace : Équipe commune CEA-CNRS (2000-2014), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), CEA–CNRS CRG-IF BM32 beamline at ESRF, and Laboratoire Georges Friedel, UMR CNRS 5307, Mines Saint-Etienne

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Digital image correlation, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Materials science, Field (physics), Strain (chemistry), Condensed matter physics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Classical Physics, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Finite element method, Stress field, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology, 021102 mining & metallurgy
Abstract

International audience; Synchrotron Laue microdiffraction and Digital Image Correlation measurements were coupled to track the elastic strain field (or stress field) and the total strain field near a general grain boundary in a bent bicrystal. A 316L stainless steel bicrystal was deformed in situ into the elasto-plastic regime with a four-point bending setup. The test was then simulated using finite elements with a crystal plasticity model comprising internal variables (dislocation densities on discrete slip systems). The predictions of the model have been compared with both the total strain field and the elastic strain field obtained experimentally. While activated slip systems and total strains are reasonably well predicted, elastic strains appear overestimated next to the grain boundary. This suggests that conventional crystal plasticity models need improvement to correctly model stresses at grain boundaries.

Published
2019

37. A complex eIF4E locus impacts the durability of va resistance to Potato virus Y in tobacco

Author

François Dorlhac de Borne, Laurent Glais, Véronique Decroocq, Emilie Julio, Thierry Candresse, Emmanuel Jacquot, Sylvie German-Retana, J. Cotucheau, C. Decorps, Benoît Moury, R. Volpatti, Jean-Luc Gallois, Vincent Michel, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Seita Imperial Tobacco, Partenaires INRAE, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Association pour la recherche sur les Nicotianées, ARN-INRA project 2014–2017, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Michel, Vincent, Julio, Emilie, Candresse, Thierry, and German-Retana, Sylvie

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, mutation génétique, Mutant, Potyvirus, Gene Dosage, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, tobacco, durabilité des résistances, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genotype, eIF4E, Ethyl methanesulfonate mutant, durability, potyvirus, va resistance, pathologie végétale, Phylogeny, Disease Resistance, Sequence Deletion, Genetics, Vegetal Biology, biology, interaction plante virus, gène de résistance, Agricultural sciences, Phenotype, Potato virus Y, Original Article, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Nonsense mutation, Soil Science, Locus (genetics), Genes, Plant, Models, Biological, Chromosomes, Plant, Frameshift mutation, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology, Gene, Plant Diseases, Ecotype, virus phytopathogène, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, tabac, 030104 developmental biology, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E, Amino Acid Substitution, Genetic Loci, Mutation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Many recessive resistances against potyviruses are mediated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). In tobacco, the va resistance gene commonly used to control Potato virus Y (PVY) corresponds to a large deletion affecting the eIF4E-1 gene on chromosome 21. Here, we compared the resistance durability conferred by various types of mutations affecting eIF4E-1 (deletions of various sizes, frameshift or nonsense mutations). The 'large deletion' genotypes displayed the broadest and most durable resistance, whereas frameshift and nonsense mutants displayed a less durable resistance, with rapid and frequent apparition of resistance-breaking variants. In addition, genetic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that resistance durability is strongly impacted by a complex genetic locus on chromosome 14, which contains three other eIF4E genes. One of these, eIF4E-3, is rearranged as a hybrid gene between eIF4E-2 and eIF4E-3 (eIF4E-2-3 ) in the genotypes showing the most durable resistance, while eIF4E-2 is differentially expressed between the tested varieties. RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated that eIF4E-2 expression level is positively correlated with resistance durability. These results suggest that besides the nature of the mutation affecting eIF4E-1, three factors linked with a complex locus may potentially impact va durability: loss of an integral eIF4E-3, presence of eIF4E-2-3 and overexpression of eIF4E-2. This latter gene might act as a decoy in a non-productive virus-plant interaction, limiting the ability of PVY to evolve towards resistance breaking. Taken together, these results show that va resistance durability can in large part be explained by complex redundancy effects in the eIF4E gene family.

Published
2019

39. [The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, an emerging model for biomedical research: Mechano-sensitivity, extreme regeneration and longevity]

Author

Aldine R, Amiel, Vincent, Michel, João E, Carvalho, Marina, Shkreli, Christine, Petit, and Eric, Röttinger

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Sea Anemones, Longevity, Models, Animal, Animals, Regeneration, Genomics, Regenerative Medicine, Mechanotransduction, Cellular
Abstract

Nematostella has fascinating features such as whole-body regeneration, the absence of signs of aging and importantly, the absence of age-related diseases. Easy to culture and spawn, this little sea anemone in spite of its "simple" aspect, displays interesting morphological characteristics similar to vertebrates and an unexpected similarity in gene content/genome organization. Importantly, the scientific community working on Nematostella is developing a variety of functional genomics tools that enable scientists to use this anemone in the field of regenerative medicine, longevity and mecano-sensory diseases. As a complementary research model to vertebrates, this marine invertebrate is emerging and promising to dig deeper into those fields of research in an integrative manner (entire organism) and provides new opportunities for scientists to lift specific barriers that can be encountered with other commonly used animal models.L’anémone de mer Nematostella vectensis - Un modèle émergent pour la recherche biomédicale : mécano-sensibilité, régénération et longévité.Nematostella, petite anémone de mer, possède de fascinantes propriétés, telles que la régénération du corps entier, l’absence de signes de vieillissement et d’affections liées à l’âge comme, par exemple, le développement de cancers. Elle se cultive aisément et se reproduit en laboratoire. Malgré son aspect « simple », cet invertébré marin de l’embranchement des cnidaires partage avec les vertébrés des caractéristiques non seulement morphologiques, mais également génomiques. La communauté scientifique développe aujourd’hui une variété d’outils de génomique fonctionnelle permettant l’utilisation de cet animal de façon intégrative dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative, de la longévité et des maladies mécano-sensorielles. Son étude se présente comme particulièrement prometteuse pour faire progresser la connaissance dans ces différents domaines, offrant des possibilités expérimentales qui font défaut dans les modèles animaux classiques.

Published
2021

40. Crack Path and Liquid Metal Embrittlement Specificity of Austenitic Steels in Mercury at Room Temperature

Author

Eva Héripré, Thierry Auger, Liliana Medina-Almazan, Vincent Michel, Ivan Guillot, Bassem Barkia, Zehoua Hamouche, Denis Mutel, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux (MSSMat), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractography, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Liquid metal embrittlement, General Materials Science, Business and International Management, Embrittlement, Austenite, Mechanical Engineering, fungi, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, technology, industry, and agriculture, Condensed Matter Physics, Mercury (element), Nickel, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Martensite, Deformation (engineering)
Abstract

International audience; A liquid metal embrittlement specificity of three austenitic steels with increasing nickel content (304 L, 316 L and 316L(N)) is studied in liquid mercury in the axisymmetric notched geometry. Only the low nickel alloys are susceptible to LME. The crack path of an austenitic steel fracture induced by liquid mercury has been elucidated at microstructural scale. Deformation induced martensite (γ(fcc) → α’(bcc)) of the low nickel steels induces numerous α’/α’ interfaces at small scale that are susceptible to be embrittled. Because the only steel that resists LME is the one that shows stability over α’ phase change due mostly to its higher nickel content, a point confirmed by X Ray fractography, it is inferred that the major factor contributing to the LME sensitivity at room temperature is the α’ phase formation in unstable austenitic steels during plastic strain. This provides a sound rationale on how to prevent mercury induced embrittlement with austenitic steels.

Published
2021

41. Huge local elastic strains in bulk nanostructured pure zirconia materials

Author

Taylan Örs, Vincent Michel, Marc Huger, Jean-Sébastien Micha, Nathalie Gey, Olivier Castelnau, Fanny Gouraud, René Guinebretière, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ingénierie en Traitements et Revêtements de Surface Avancés (CITRA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)

Subjects
Phase transition, Materials science, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Crystal, Stress (mechanics), Tetragonal crystal system, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Cubic zirconia, Composite material, Pure zirconia, 010302 applied physics, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electron backscatter diffraction, Mechanics of Materials, Martensite, Residual strains, X-ray laue microdiffraction, 0210 nano-technology, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

From the liquid state to room temperature, two successive solid-state phase transitions occur in pure zirconia. It is well-known that the last one (tetragonal to monoclinic) is martensitic and induces large volume variations and shear strains. Elastic and inelastic behaviors of zirconia-based materials are strongly influenced by this transition and the associated strain fields that it induces. Knowledge of strain and stress at the crystal scale is thus a crucial point. Using fully dense pure zirconia polycrystals obtained by a fuse casting process, we have determined at a sub-micrometric scale, by X-ray Laue microdiffraction, the strains map at room temperature in as-cast specimens and after a post elaboration high temperature thermal treatment. We observed that the fluctuation of deviatoric elastic strain is huge, the standard deviation of normal component being in the range of 1–2%. The heat treatment tends to even further increase this range of fluctuation, despite the development of a multiscale crack network formed during the cooling. Correspondingly, the associated stress level is also huge. It lies in the 5 GPa range with stress gradient amounting 1 GPa μm−1. This work was done in the frame of the ASZTECH research program funded by the ANR (ANR-12-RMNP-0007). We acknowledge the ESRF and the French Collaborating Research Group (F-CRG) for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities beamtimes and beamline staff for their assistance. The authors are thankful to I. Cabodi and O. Bories (Saint- Gobain CREE) for the supply of the bulk zirconia-based materials.

Published
2021

42. Estimation of stress in specimens loaded with ultrasonic fatigue machines

Author

Christophe Cheuleu, Olivier Castelnau, Vincent Jacquemain, Nicolas Ranc, Vincent Michel, Doriana Vinci, Véronique Favier, Christian Mocuta, Dominique Thiaudière, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Stress (mechanics), 0203 mechanical engineering, Modelling and Simulation, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], General Materials Science, Strain gauge, Reliability (statistics), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Strength of materials, Fatigue limit, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Amplitude, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Laser Doppler vibrometer
Abstract

Piezo-electric ultrasonic fatigue machines are used to carry out fatigue tests more rapidly than what is possible using other technologies, at a frequency of 20 kHz . The very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) domain can be studied with these machines as 10 9 cycles are reached within 14 h when specimens are loaded at stress amplitudes below the yield stress or conventional fatigue strength. The estimation of stress in specimens fatigued at high frequency is a current challenge when adopting this technology. This paper discusses the accuracy and reliability of three methods used to estimate stress amplitudes in specimens subjected to VHCF tests at a high loading frequency. Two historically used methods using strain gauges and a laser vibrometer are discussed and compared with a third, recently developed method based on time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). The three methods are applied to estimate the stress amplitude in a pearlitic steel specimen. The experimental artifacts and uncertainties are evaluated quantitatively to compare the benefits and limits of the methods. The experimental results show that the three methods correctly estimate the stress amplitudes applied to fatigued specimens.

Published
2021

43. Expositions aux particules inorganiques : comment poser la question ?

Author

Cavalin, Catherine, Catinon, Mickaël, Macchi, Odile, Vincent, Michel, Rosental, Paul-André, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po (CHSP), Emmanuelle Duwez, Pierre Mercklé, Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) (CHSP), and Administrateur, Paris Dauphine-PSL

Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, enquêtes statistiques, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, enquête sociologique, enquêtes par Internet, questions de sociétés, SOC006000, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, pratiques sociales et culturelles des Français, opinion publique, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, JHBD, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography
Abstract

Introduction Quels sont les niveaux d’exposition à la silice cristalline en population générale ? Dans quels contextes surviennent ces expositions ? Quels groupes sociaux concernent-elles particulièrement ? Avec quelles conséquences sur l’état de santé ? Ces questions peuvent sembler exotiques pour le profane, pour qui la « silice cristalline » ne signifie rien ou est, au mieux, synonyme de « sable ». Quel bénéfice y aurait-il à connaître les expositions communes à la substance chimique la pl...

Published
2021

45. Ultrarare heterozygous pathogenic variants of genes causing dominant forms of early-onset deafness underlie severe presbycusis

Author

Christian Renard, Christine Petit, Yosra Bouyacoub, Sedigheh Delmaghani, Magali Niasme-Grare, Nicolas Michalski, Hung Thai-Van, Olivier Deguine, Anne Aubois, Arnaud Deveze, Jean-Pierre Lavieille, Valérie Franco-Vidal, Anne-Laure Roudevitch-Pujol, Amrit Singh-Estivalet, Arnaud Coez, Vincent Michel, Christophe Vincent, Hugues Aschard, Claire Thibult-Apt, Amel Bahloul, Sophie Boucher, E. Ionescu, Bernard Fraysse, Fabienne Wong Jun Tai, Fabrice Giraudet, Vincent Darrouzet, Typhaine Dupont, Nicolas Wolff, Didier Bouccara, Lionel Collet, Crystel Bonnet, Gaelle M. Lefèvre, Jean-Louis Kemeny, Andrea Lelli, Eric Bizaguet, Paul Avan, Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ED 515 - Complexité du vivant, Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université d'Angers (UA), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Récepteurs Canaux - Channel Receptors, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille], Laboratoire d’Audiologie Renard, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire de correction auditive Eric Bizaguet, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This work was supported by a grant from Fondation pour l’Audition (to C.P.), LabEx Lifesenses Grant ANR-10-LABX-65, and Light4deaf Grant ANR-15-RHUS-0001., We thank the patients for participating in this study and Céline Trébeau for technical assistance. S.B. received funding from the University of Angers (Medical School), the University Hospital of Angers, and the Collège Français d’oto-rhino-laryngologistes., ANR-10-LABX-0065,LIFESENSES,DES SENS POUR TOUTE LA VIE(2010), ANR-15-RHUS-0001,LIGHT4DEAF,ECLAIRER LA SURDITÉ : UNE APPROCHE HOLISTIQUE DU SYNDROME D'USHER(2015), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Collège de France - Chaire Génétique et physiologie cellulaire, Bonnet, Crystel, DES SENS POUR TOUTE LA VIE - - LIFESENSES2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0065 - LABX - VALID, and ECLAIRER LA SURDITÉ : UNE APPROCHE HOLISTIQUE DU SYNDROME D'USHER - - LIGHT4DEAF2015 - ANR-15-RHUS-0001 - RHUS - VALID

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Presbycusis, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Deafness, Cohort Studies, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Presbycusis, MESH: Animals, Age of Onset, MESH: Cohort Studies, Genes, Dominant, Early onset, MESH: Heterozygote, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, monogenic disorder, Age Factors, Biological Sciences, Phenotype, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Mitochondria, 3. Good health, age-related hearing loss, symbols, MESH: Membrane Proteins, medicine.symptom, Heterozygote, MESH: Mutation, Hearing loss, MESH: Mitochondria, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH: Deafness, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, MESH: Whole Exome Sequencing, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Animals, Humans, Allele frequency, Gene, ultrarare variants, MESH: Mice, MESH: Age Factors, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Membrane Proteins, Tmc1, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Mendelian inheritance, MESH: Genes, Dominant, presbycusis, MESH: MicroRNAs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is a major public health issue. About half the phenotypic variance has been attributed to genetic factors. Here, we assessed the contribution to presbycusis of ultrarare pathogenic variants, considered indicative of Mendelian forms. We focused on severe presbycusis without environmental or comorbidity risk factors and studied multiplex family age-related hearing loss (mARHL) and simplex/sporadic age-related hearing loss (sARHL) cases and controls with normal hearing by whole-exome sequencing. Ultrarare variants (allele frequency [AF] < 0.0001) of 35 genes responsible for autosomal dominant early-onset forms of deafness, predicted to be pathogenic, were detected in 25.7% of mARHL and 22.7% of sARHL cases vs. 7.5% of controls ( P = 0.001); half were previously unknown (AF < 0.000002). MYO6 , MYO7A , PTPRQ , and TECTA variants were present in 8.9% of ARHL cases but less than 1% of controls. Evidence for a causal role of variants in presbycusis was provided by pathogenicity prediction programs, documented haploinsufficiency, three-dimensional structure/function analyses, cell biology experiments, and reported early effects. We also established Tmc1 N321I/+ mice, carrying the TMC1 :p.(Asn327Ile) variant detected in an mARHL case, as a mouse model for a monogenic form of presbycusis. Deafness gene variants can thus result in a continuum of auditory phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that the genetics of presbycusis is shaped by not only well-studied polygenic risk factors of small effect size revealed by common variants but also, ultrarare variants likely resulting in monogenic forms, thereby paving the way for treatment with emerging inner ear gene therapy.

Published
2020

46. COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction reveals SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and persistence in the olfactory system

Author

Dominique Salmon, Sebastien Wagner, Sylvain Levallois, Françoise Lazarini, Florence Larrous, Hervé Bourhy, Remi Hervochon, Benjamin Verillaud, Vincent Michel, Emmanuel Roze, Caroline Aparicio, Etienne Kornobis, Marc Lecuit, Lauriane Kergoat, Guilherme D. Melo, Yoann Madec, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Charlotte Hautefort, Gilles Gheusi, and Thomas Cokelaer

Subjects
Olfactory system, business.industry, Anosmia, Sensory system, Inflammation, Ageusia, Olfactory bulb, Olfactory mucosa, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Olfactory epithelium
Abstract

While recent investigations have revealed viral, inflammatory and vascular factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 lung pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in COVID-19 remains poorly understood. Yet, olfactory and taste dysfunction are rather common in COVID-19, especially in pauci-symptomatic patients which constitutes the most frequent clinical manifestation of the infection. We conducted a virologic, molecular, and cellular study of the olfactory system from COVID-19 patients presenting acute loss of smell, and report evidence that the olfactory epithelium represents a highly significant infection site where multiple cell types, including olfactory sensory neurons, support cells and immune cells, are infected. Viral replication in the olfactory epithelium is associated with local inflammation. Furthermore, we show that SARS-CoV-2 induces acute anosmia and ageusia in golden Syrian hamsters, both lasting as long as the virus remains in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb. Finally, olfactory mucosa sampling in COVID-19 patients presenting with persistent loss of smell reveals the presence of virus transcripts and of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, together with protracted inflammation. Viral persistence in the olfactory epithelium therefore provides a potential mechanism for prolonged or relapsing symptoms of COVID-19, such as loss of smell, which should be considered for optimal medical management and future therapeutic strategies.

Published
2020

47. Botrytis-Resistenzen auf Erdbeeren

Author

Palmisano, Marilena, Kopp, Max, Vincent, Michel, Thoss, Hagen, Werdenberg, Carole, Wohler, Christian, Palmisano, Marilena, Kopp, Max, Vincent, Michel, Thoss, Hagen, Werdenberg, Carole, and Wohler, Christian

Abstract

Der Wachstumstest 2018 zeigte bei 43 Prozent aller untersuchten Botrytisstämme mehr als fünf Resistenzen auf. Das genetische Resistenzpotenzial bei einjährigen Erdbeerpflanzen lag bei 61 Prozent.

Published
2020

48. Multiclass Sparse Bayesian Regression for fMRI-Based Prediction

Author

Vincent Michel, Evelyn Eger, Christine Keribin, and Bertrand Thirion

Subjects
Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Inverse inference has recently become a popular approach for analyzing neuroimaging data, by quantifying the amount of information contained in brain images on perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral parameters. As it outlines brain regions that convey information for an accurate prediction of the parameter of interest, it allows to understand how the corresponding information is encoded in the brain. However, it relies on a prediction function that is plagued by the curse of dimensionality, as there are far more features (voxels) than samples (images), and dimension reduction is thus a mandatory step. We introduce in this paper a new model, called Multiclass Sparse Bayesian Regression (MCBR), that, unlike classical alternatives, automatically adapts the amount of regularization to the available data. MCBR consists in grouping features into several classes and then regularizing each class differently in order to apply an adaptive and efficient regularization. We detail these framework and validate our algorithm on simulated and real neuroimaging data sets, showing that it performs better than reference methods while yielding interpretable clusters of features.

Published
2011
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