33 results on '"Vuillermoz E"'
Search Results
2. Transport of Stratospheric Air Masses to the Nepal Climate Observatory–Pyramid (Himalaya; 5079 m MSL) : A Synoptic-Scale Investigation
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Bracci, A., Cristofanelli, P., Sprenger, M., Bonafè, U., Calzolari, F., Duchi, R., Laj, P., Marinoni, A., Roccato, F., Vuillermoz, E., and Bonasoni, P.
- Published
- 2012
3. Weak precipitation, warm winters and springs impact glaciers of south slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya) in the last 2 decades (1994–2013)
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Salerno, F., Guyennon, N., Thakuri, S., Viviano, G., Romano, E., Vuillermoz, E., Cristofanelli, P., Stocchi, P., Agrillo, G., Ma, Y., and Tartari, G.
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lcsh:GE1-350 ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Glacier ,Structural basin ,Monsoon ,Snow ,Debris ,lcsh:Geology ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,Period (geology) ,remote areas ,climate change ,trend analysis ,Physical geography ,Precipitation ,Geology ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,Ablation zone - Abstract
Studies on recent climate trends from the Himalayan range are limited, and even completely absent at high elevation (> 5000 m a.s.l.). This study specifically explores the southern slopes of Mt. Everest, analyzing the time series of temperature and precipitation reconstructed from seven stations located between 2660 and 5600 m a.s.l. during 1994–2013, complemented with the data from all existing ground weather stations located on both sides of the mountain range (Koshi Basin) over the same period. Overall we find that the main and most significant increase in temperature is concentrated outside of the monsoon period. Above 5000 m a.s.l. the increasing trend in the time series of minimum temperature (+0.072 °C yr−1) is much stronger than of maximum temperature (+0.009 °C yr−1), while the mean temperature increased by +0.044 °C yr−1. Moreover, we note a substantial liquid precipitation weakening (−9.3 mm yr−1) during the monsoon season. The annual rate of decrease in precipitation at higher elevations is similar to the one at lower elevations on the southern side of the Koshi Basin, but the drier conditions of this remote environment make the fractional loss much more consistent (−47% during the monsoon period). Our results challenge the assumptions on whether temperature or precipitation is the main driver of recent glacier mass changes in the region. The main implications are the following: (1) the negative mass balances of glaciers observed in this region can be more ascribed to a decrease in accumulation (snowfall) than to an increase in surface melting; (2) the melting has only been favoured during winter and spring months and close to the glaciers terminus; (3) a decrease in the probability of snowfall (−10%) has made a significant impact only at glacier ablation zone, but the magnitude of this decrease is distinctly lower than the observed decrease in precipitation; (4) the decrease in accumulation could have caused the observed decrease in glacier flow velocity and the current stagnation of glacier termini, which in turn could have produced more melting under the debris glacier cover, leading to the formation of numerous supraglacial and proglacial lakes that have characterized the region in the last decades.
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- 2015
4. A structured server architecture to stock and share ice core data. From database to a WebGIS application
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Locci, F, Dessì, F, Provenzale, A, Vuillermoz, E, Melis, MT, DE AMICIS, MATTIA GIOVANNI MARIA, FRIGERIO, IVAN, STRIGARO, DANIELE, MATTAVELLI, MATTEO, Locci, F, Dessì, F, DE AMICIS, M, Frigerio, I, Strigaro, D, Mattavelli, M, Provenzale, A, Vuillermoz, E, and Melis, M
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GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA ,Ice core, database, postgres, postgis, geodatabase, glacier, climate, webgis, geographyc - Abstract
Nextdata project aim to create a national system for retrieval, storage, access and diffusion of environmental and climate data from mountain and marine areas. For this project a database to collect paleoclimatic data from ice cores and marine cores has been developed. These data derived from drilling projects of non polar glaciers and marine sediments respectively. The activity is based on a catalog system of data and metadata called SHARE GeoNetwork, developed within the EvK2-CNR SHARE project. The database structure to stock data is based on WDB (Water and Weather Database System) architecture, a database developed from Norwegian Meteorological Institute for their operability data-center. This database was chosen because of WDB is released in according to the GNU General Public License and so completly configurable, customizable and shared; furthermore, it is developed in PostgreSQL/PostGIS and it allow to record punctual and grid type hydrometeorological data. In the first step of the project, WDB database has been customized to stock data derived from SHARE high altitude stations. Hereinafter we need to modified WDB source code in order to insert paleoclimatic data. They have a time extension that goes from current period to tens millions years ago. The “data” field of PostgreSQL has a time range from 4713 BC to 294276 AC; consequently every physical and chemical data, analyzed on ice core and marine core samples dated in different age before 4713 AC, cannot be saved into WDB database structure. We have maintained the main model but we have modified a part of the source code inserting new functions to write data into WDB, without time limits. This increase the value of temporal data aspect that is essential for paleoclimatic analysis. So, the new database system called WDBPALEO has been proposed to scientific community.
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- 2013
5. Study of short-lived climate forcers atmospheric variability at Kathmandu and at the WMO/GAW Global Station 'Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid' (5079 m a.s.l.) in the Himalayas
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Putero, D., Cristofanelli, P., Adhikary, B., Marinoni, A., Duchi, R., Calzolari, F., Landi, T., Verza, G., Alborghetti, M., Vuillermoz, E., Rupakheti, M., Lawrence, M., and Bonasoni, P.
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- 2014
6. Using daily air temperature thresholds to evaluate snow melting occurrence and amount on Alpine glaciers by <i>T</i>-index models: the case study of the Forni Glacier (Italy)
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Senese, A., primary, Maugeri, M., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, Smiraglia, C., additional, and Diolaiuti, G., additional
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- 2014
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7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESH SNOW IN HIMALAYAS AND KARAKORAM
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POLESELLO S., COMI M., GUZZELLA L., MARINONI A., PECCI M., ROSCIOLI C., SMIRAGLIA C., TARTARI G., TETI P., VALSECCHI S., and VUILLERMOZ E.
- Abstract
The interpretation of firn and ice cores in high altitude sites in central Asia requires a detailed knowledge of fresh-snow chemistry, especially in the extra-monsoon season. Since 1992 the Water Research Institute of CNR has been involved in sampling and analysis of wet and snow deposition in the Himalayan area. The first campaigns, which were based at the EV-K²-CNR Pyramid site in Khumbu Valley, were focused on the southern side of the Everest groupin monsoon season with the aim of evaluating the long range transport of inorganic pollutants from the Indian subcontinent to the Himalayan range. In the following years, involving climbing expeditions, we extended our research to other regions outside the monsoon season. This approach allowed us to get a better knowledge of spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in snow deposition of the Himalayan region.
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- 2007
8. Transport of short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P) to the Himalayas during the South Asian summer monsoon onset
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Cristofanelli, P, primary, Putero, D, additional, Adhikary, B, additional, Landi, T C, additional, Marinoni, A, additional, Duchi, R, additional, Calzolari, F, additional, Laj, P, additional, Stocchi, P, additional, Verza, G, additional, Vuillermoz, E, additional, Kang, S, additional, Ming, J, additional, and Bonasoni, P, additional
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- 2014
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9. Implementation of a webGIS service platform for high mountain climate research: the SHARE GeoNetwork project
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Locci, F., primary, Melis, M. T., additional, Dessì, F., additional, Stocchi, P., additional, Akinde, M. O., additional, Bønes, V., additional, Bonasoni, P., additional, and Vuillermoz, E., additional
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- 2014
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10. Le condizioni trofiche attuali del Lago di Nemi (Lazio)
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Margaritora, Fiorenza, Fumanti, B., Tartari, G., Vuillermoz, E., Alfinito, S., Vagaggini, D., Seminara, Marco, Cavacini, P., and Rosati, M.
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- 2003
11. Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007
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Wagnon, P., primary, Vincent, C., additional, Arnaud, Y., additional, Berthier, E., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, Gruber, S., additional, Ménégoz, M., additional, Gilbert, A., additional, Dumont, M., additional, Shea, J. M., additional, Stumm, D., additional, and Pokhrel, B. K., additional
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- 2013
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12. Three-year observations of halocarbons at the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.) on the Himalayan range
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Maione, M., primary, Giostra, U., additional, Arduini, J., additional, Furlani, F., additional, Bonasoni, P., additional, Cristofanelli, P., additional, Laj, P., additional, and Vuillermoz, E., additional
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- 2011
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13. Seasonal variations of aerosol size distributions based on long-term measurements at the high altitude Himalayan site of Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m), Nepal
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Sellegri, K., primary, Laj, P., additional, Venzac, H., additional, Boulon, J., additional, Picard, D., additional, Villani, P., additional, Bonasoni, P., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Cristofanelli, P., additional, and Vuillermoz, E., additional
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- 2010
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14. Aerosol mass and black carbon concentrations, a two year record at NCO-P (5079 m, Southern Himalayas)
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Marinoni, A., primary, Cristofanelli, P., additional, Laj, P., additional, Duchi, R., additional, Calzolari, F., additional, Decesari, S., additional, Sellegri, K., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, Verza, G. P., additional, Villani, P., additional, and Bonasoni, P., additional
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- 2010
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15. Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m)
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Bonasoni, P., primary, Laj, P., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Sprenger, M., additional, Angelini, F., additional, Arduini, J., additional, Bonafè, U., additional, Calzolari, F., additional, Colombo, T., additional, Decesari, S., additional, Di Biagio, C., additional, di Sarra, A. G., additional, Evangelisti, F., additional, Duchi, R., additional, Facchini, MC., additional, Fuzzi, S., additional, Gobbi, G. P., additional, Maione, M., additional, Panday, A., additional, Roccato, F., additional, Sellegri, K., additional, Venzac, H., additional, Verza, GP., additional, Villani, P., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, and Cristofanelli, P., additional
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- 2010
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16. Estimated impact of black carbon deposition during pre-monsoon season from Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid data and snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers
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Yasunari, T. J., primary, Bonasoni, P., additional, Laj, P., additional, Fujita, K., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Cristofanelli, P., additional, Duchi, R., additional, Tartari, G., additional, and Lau, K.-M., additional
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- 2010
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17. Tropospheric ozone variations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (Himalayas, 5079 m a.s.l.) and influence of deep stratospheric intrusion events
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Cristofanelli, P., primary, Bracci, A., additional, Sprenger, M., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Bonafè, U., additional, Calzolari, F., additional, Duchi, R., additional, Laj, P., additional, Pichon, J.M., additional, Roccato, F., additional, Venzac, H., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, and Bonasoni, P., additional
- Published
- 2010
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18. Chemical composition of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.)
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Decesari, S., primary, Facchini, M. C., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Giulianelli, L., additional, Rinaldi, M., additional, Finessi, E., additional, Fuzzi, S., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Cristofanelli, P., additional, Duchi, R., additional, Bonasoni, P., additional, Vuillermoz, E., additional, Cozic, J., additional, Jaffrezo, J. L., additional, and Laj, P., additional
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- 2010
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19. Implementation of a web GIS service platform for high mountain climate research: the SHARE GeoNetwork project.
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Locci, F., Melis, M. T., Dessì, F., Stocchi, P., Akinde, M. O., Bønes, V., Bonasoni, P., and Vuillermoz, E.
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GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,CLIMATOLOGY ,METEOROLOGY ,MOUNTAIN climate - Abstract
The implementation of a web GIS service platform dedicated to the management and sharing of climatological data acquired by high elevation stations is the core of the Station at High Altitude for Research on the Environment ( SHARE) GeoNetwork project, promoted by the Ev-K2 CNR Committee. The web platform basically will provide three types of services: structured metadata archive, data and results from high-altitude environments research and projects; access to high-altitude Ev-K2 CNR stations and creation of a network of existing stations; dedicated web GIS for geo-referenced data collected during the research. High elevation environmental and territorial data and metadata are catalogued in a single integrated platform to get access to the information heritage of the SHARE project, using open-source tools: Geonetwork for the metadata catalogue and web GIS resources, and the open-source Weather and Water Database ( WDB), developed by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, for the database information system implementation. The information system is designed to have a main node, with the possibility to install relocated subsystems based on the same technology, named focal point of SHARE, which will contain metadata and data connected to the main node. In this study, a new structure of metadata for the description of the climatological stations is proposed and WDB adaptation and data preprocessing are described in detail, giving code and script samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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20. Continuous observations of synoptic-scale dust transport at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m.a.s.l.) in the Himalayas.
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Duchi, R., Cristofanelli, P., Marinoni, A., Laj, P., Marcq, S., Villani, P., Sellegri, K., Angelini, F., Calzolari, F., Gobbi, G. P., Verza, G. P., Vuillermoz, E., Sapkota, A., and Bonasoni, P.
- Abstract
This study presents two years of continuous observations of physical aerosol properties at the GAW-WMO global station "Nepal Climate Observatory -- Pyramid" (NCO-P, 27°57' N, 86° 48'E), sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the high Himalayan Khumbu Valley (Nepal). Measurements of aerosol number size distribution, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) are analysed from March 2006 to February 2008. By studying the temporal variations of coarse (1 µm < D
p ≤10 µm) particle number concentration, 53 mineral Dust Transport Events (DTEs) are identified, accounting for 22.2% of the analysed data-set. Such events occurred prevalently during pre-monsoon (for 30.6% of the period) and winter (22.1%) seasons. However, uncommon cases of mineral dust transport are observed even during the monsoon season. The main sources of mineral dust reaching NCO-P are identified in the arid regions not far from the measurement site, i.e. from Tibetan Plateau, and Lot-Thar deserts, which account for 52% of the dust transport days. Moreover, a non-negligible contribution can be attributed to the Arabian Peninsula (17%) and the Indo-Gangetic Plains (16%), as indicated by three dimensional (3-D) back-trajectory analyses performed with LAGRANTO model. The observed DTEs lead to significant enhancements in the coarse aerosol number concentration (+513%) and coarse aerosol mass (+655%), as compared with average values observed in "dust-free" conditions (0.05 ± 0.11 cm-3 and 3.4 ± 3.7 µg m-3 , respectively). During DTEs, SSA is higher (0.84-0.89) than on "dust-free" days (0.75-0.83), confirming the importance of this class of events as a driver of the radiative features of the regional Himalayan climate. Considering the dust events, a significant seasonal AOD increase (+37.5%) is observed in the post-monsoon, whereas lower increase (less than +11.1%) characterises the pre-monsoon and winter seasons confirming the influence of synoptic-scale mineral dust transports on the aerosol optical properties observed at NCO-P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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21. Chemical composition of PM10 and PM1 at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079ma.s.l.).
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Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Carbone, C., Giulianelli, L., Rinaldi, M., Finessi, E., Fuzzi, S., Marinoni, A., Cristofanelli, P., Duchi, R., Bonasoni, P., Vuillermoz, E., Cozic, J., Jaffrezo, J. L., and Laj, P.
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PARTICULATE matter ,AIR quality ,ATMOSPHERIC aerosols ,ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,SULFATES - Abstract
We report chemical composition data for PM
10 and PM1 from the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P), the world's highest aerosol observatory, located at 5079m a.s.l. at the foothills of Mt. Everest. Despite its high altitude, the average PM10 mass apportioned by the chemical analyses is of the order of 6 μgm-3 (i.e., 10 μg/scm), with almost a half of this mass accounted for by organic matter, elemental carbon (EC) and inorganic ions, the rest being mineral dust. Organic matter, in particular, accounted for by 2.0 μgm-3 (i.e., 3.6 μg/scm) on a yearly basis, and it is by far the major PM10 component beside mineral oxides. Non-negligible concentrations of EC were also observed (0.36 μg/scm), confirming that light-absorbing aerosol produced from combustion sources can be efficiently transported up the altitudes of Himalayan glaciers. The concentrations of carbonaceous and ionic aerosols follow a common time trend with a maximum in the premonsoon season, a minimum during the monsoon and a slow recovery during the postmonsoon and dry seasons, which is the same phenomenology observed for other Nepalese Himalayan sites in previous studies. Such seasonal cycle can be explained by the seasonal variations of dry and moist convection and of wet scavenging processes characterizing the climate of north Indian subcontinent. We document the effect of orographic transport of carbonaceous and sulphate particles upslope the Himalayas, showing that the valley breeze circulation, which is almost permanently active during the out-of-monsoon season, greatly impacts the chemical composition of PM10 and PM1 in the high Himalayas and provides an efficient mechanism for bringing anthropogenic aerosols into the Asian upper troposphere (>5000m a.s.l.). The concentrations of mineral dust are impacted to a smaller extent by valley breezes and follow a unique seasonal cycle which suggest multiple source areas in central and south-west Asia. Our findings, based on two years of observations of the aerosol chemical composition, provide clear evidence that the southern side of the high Himalayas is impacted by transport of anthropogenic aerosols which constitute the Asian brown cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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22. Preliminary estimation of black carbon deposition from Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid data and its possible impact on snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers during the pre-monsoon season.
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Yasunari, T. J., Bonasoni, P., Laj, P., Fujita, K., Vuillermoz, E., Marinoni, A., Cristofanelli, P., Duchi, R., Tartari, G., and Lau, K.-M.
- Abstract
The possible minimal range of reduction in snow surface albedo due to dry deposition of black carbon (BC) in the pre-monsoon period (March-May) was estimated as a lower bound together with the estimation of its accuracy, based on atmospheric observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the Himalayan region. We estimated a total BC deposition rate of 2.89 μg m
-2 day-1 providing a total deposition of 266 μg m-2 for March-May at the site, based on a calculation with a minimal deposition velocity of 1.0×10-4 m s-1 with atmospheric data of equivalent BC concentration. Main BC size at NCO-P site was determined as 103.1-669.8 nm by correlation analysis between equivalent BC concentration and particulate size distribution in the atmosphere. We also estimated BC deposition from the size distribution data and found that 8.7% of the estimated dry deposition corresponds to the estimated BC deposition from equivalent BC concentration data. If all the BC is deposited uniformly on the top 2-cm pure snow, the corresponding BC concentration is 26.0-68.2 μg kg-1 assuming snow density variations of 195-512 kg m-3 of Yala Glacier close to NCO-P site. Such a concentration of BC in snow could result in 2.0-5.2% albedo reductions. From a simple numerical calculations and if assuming these albedo reductions continue throughout the year, this would lead to a runoff increases of 70-2 04 mm of water drainage equivalent of 11.6-33.9% of the annual discharge of a typical Tibetan glacier. Our estimates of BC concentration in snow surface for pre-monsoon season can be considered comparable to those at similar altitude in the Himalayan region, where glaciers and perpetual snow region starts in the vicinity of NCO-P. Our estimates from only BC are likely to represent a lower bound for snow albedo reductions, since a fixed slower deposition velocity was used and atmospheric wind and turbulence effects, snow aging, dust deposition, and snow albedo feedbacks were not considered. This study represents the first investigation about BC deposition on snow from atmospheric aerosol data in Himalayas and related albedo effect is especially the first track at the southern slope of Himalayas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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23. Aerosol mass and black carbon concentrations, two year-round observations at NCO-P (5079 m, Southern Himalayas).
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Marinoni, A., Cristofanelli, P., Laj, P., Duchi, R., Calzolari, F., Decesari, S., Sellegri, K., Vuillermoz, E., Verza, G. P., Villani, P., and Bonasoni, P.
- Abstract
Aerosol mass and the absorbing fraction are important variables, needed to constrain the role of atmospheric particles in the Earth radiation budget, both directly and indirectly through CCN activation. In particular, their monitoring in remote areas and mountain sites is essential for determining source regions, elucidating the mechanisms of long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants, and validating regional and global models. Since March 2006, aerosol mass and black carbon concentration have been monitored at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid, a permanent high-altitude research station located in the Khumbu valley at 5079ma.s.l. below Mt. Everest. The first 10 two-year averages of PM
1 and PM1-10 mass were 1.94 μgm-3 and 1.88 μgm-3 , with standard deviations of 3.90 μgm-3 and 4.45 μgm-3 , respectively, while the black carbon concentration average is 160.5 ngm-3 , with a standard deviation of 296.1 ngm-3 . Both aerosol mass and black carbon show well defined annual cycles, with a maximum during the pre-monsoon season and a minimum during the monsoon. They also display a typical diurnal cycle during all the seasons, with the lowest particle concentration recorded during the night, and a considerable increase during the afternoon, revealing the major role played by thermal winds in influencing the behaviour of atmospheric compounds over the high Himalayas. The aerosol concentration is subject to high variability: in fact, as well as frequent "background conditions" (55% of the time) when BC concentrations are mainly below 100 ngm-3 , concentrations up to 5 μgm-3 are reached during some episodes (a few days every year) in the pre-monsoon seasons. The variability of PM and BC is the result of both short-term changes due to thermal wind development in the valley, and long-range transport/synoptic circulation. At NCO-P, higher concentrations of PM1 and BC are mostly associated with regional circulation and westerly air masses from the Middle East, while the strongest contributions of mineral dust arrive from the Middle East and regional circulation, with a special contribution from North Africa and South-West Arabian Peninsula in post-monsoon and winter season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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24. Tropospheric ozone variations at the Nepal climate observatory -- pyramid (Himalayas, 5079ma.s.l.) and influence of stratospheric intrusion events.
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Cristofanelli, P., Bracci, A., Sprenger, M., Marinoni, A., Bonafè, U., Calzolari, F., Duchi, R., Laj, P., M.^Pichon, J., Roccato, F., Venzac, H., Vuillermoz, E., and Bonasoni, P.
- Abstract
The paper presents the first 2-years of continuous surface ozone (O
3 ) observations and systematic assessment of the influence of stratospheric intrusions (SI) at the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P; 27°57′ N, 86°48′ E), located in the Southern 5 Himalayas at 5079ma.s.l. Continuous O3 monitoring has been carried out at this GAW-WMO station in the framework of the Ev-K2-CNR SHARE and UNEP ABC projects since March 2006. Over the period March 2006-February 2008, an average O3 value of 49±12 ppbv (±1δ) was recorded, with a large annual cycle characterized by a maximum during the pre-monsoon (61±9 ppbv) and a minimum during the mon10 soon (39±10 ppbv). In general, the average O3 diurnal cycles had different shapes in the different seasons, suggesting an important interaction between the synoptic-scale circulation and the local mountain wind regime. Short-term O3 behaviour in the middle/lower troposphere (e.g. at the altitude level of NCO-P) can be significantly affected by deep SI which, representing the most important 15 natural input for tropospheric O3 , can also influence the regional atmosphere radiative forcing. To identify days possibly influenced by SI at the NCO-P, analyses were performed on in-situ observations (O3 and meteorological parameters), total column O3 data from OMI satellite and air-mass potential vorticity provided by the LAGRANTO back-trajectory model. In particular, a specially designed statistical methodology was 20 applied to the time series of the observed and modelled stratospheric tracers. On this basis, during the 2-year investigation, 14.1% of analysed days were found to be affected by SI. The SI frequency showed a clear seasonal cycle, with minimum during the summer monsoon (1.2%) and higher values during the rest of the year (21.5%). As suggested by the LAGRANTO analysis, the position of the subtropical jet stream 25 could play an important role in determining the occurrence of deep SI transport on the Southern Himalayas. In order to estimate the fraction of O3 due to air-mass transport from the stratosphere at the NCO-P, the 30 min O3 concentrations recorded during the detected SI days were analysed. In particular, in-situ relative humidity and black carbon observations were used to exclude influence from wet and polluted air-masses transported by up-valley breezes. This analysis led to the conclusion that during SI O3 significantly increased by 27.1% (+13 ppbv) with respect to periods not affected by such events. Moreover, the integral contribution 5 of SI (O3 S) to O3 at the NCO-P was also calculated, showing that 13.7% of O3 recorded at the measurement site could be attributed to SI. On a seasonal basis, the lowest SI contributions were found during the summer monsoon (less than 0.1%), while the highest were found during the winter period (24.2%). These results indicated that, during non-monsoon periods, high O3 levels could affect NCO-P during 10 SI, thus influencing the variability of tropospheric O3 over the Southern Himalayas. Being a powerful regional greenhouse gas, these results indicate that the evaluation of the current and future regional climate cannot be assessed without properly taking into account the influence of SI to tropospheric O3 in this important area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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25. Chemical composition of PM10 and PM1 at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.).
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Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Carbone, C., Giulianelli, L., Rinaldi, M., Finessi, E., Fuzzi, S., Marinoni, A., Cristofanelli, P., Duchi, R., Bonasoni, P., Vuillermoz, E., Cozic, J., Jaffrezo, J. L., and Laj, P.
- Abstract
We report chemical composition data for PM
10 and PM1 from the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P), the world's highest aerosol observatory, located at 5079 m a.s.l. at the foothills of Mt. Everest. Despite its high altitude, the average PM10 mass apportioned by the chemical analyses is of the order of 6 μgm-3 (i.e., 10 μg/scm), with almost a half of this mass accounted for by organic matter, elemental carbon (EC) and inorganic ions, the rest being mineral dust. Organic matter, in particular, accounted for by 2.0 μgm-3 (i.e., 3.6 μg/scm) on a yearly basis, and it is by far the major PM10 component beside mineral oxides. Non-negligible concentrations of EC were also observed (0.36 μg/scm), confirming that optically-active aerosol produced from combustion sources can be efficiently transported up the altitudes of Himalayan glaciers. The concentrations of carbonaceous and ionic aerosols follow a common time trend with a maximum in the premonsoon season, a minimum during the monsoon and a slow "ramp-up" period in the postmonsoon and dry seasons, which is the same phenomenology observed for other Nepalese Himalayan sites in previous studies. Such seasonal cycle can be explained by the seasonal variations of dry and moist convection and of wet scavenging processes characterizing the climate of north Indian subcontinent. We document the effect of orographic transport of carbonaceous and sulphate particles upslope the Himalayas, showing that the valley breeze circulation, which is almost permanently active during the out-of-monsoon season, greatly impacts the chemical composition of PM10 and PM1 in the high Himalayas and provides an efficient mechanism for bringing anthropogenic optically-active aerosols into the Asian upper troposphere (>5000 m a.s.l.). The concentrations of mineral dust are impacted to a smaller extent by valley breezes and follow a unique seasonal cycle which suggest multiple source areas in central and south-west Asia. Our findings, based on two years of observations of the aerosol chemical composition, provide clear evidence that the southern side of the high Himalayas are impacted by transport of anthropogenic aerosols which constitute the Asian brown cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. WDBPALEO 1.0: database per la raccolta di dati paleo-climatologici
- Author
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Locci, F., FRANCESCO GABRIELE DESSI', Amicis, M., Frigerio, I., Strigaro, D., Vuillermoz, E., maria teresa melis, Frigerio, I, De Amicis, MGM, Dessi, F, Locci, F, Strigaro, D, Vuillermoz, E, Melis, MT, DE AMICIS, M, and Melis, M
- Subjects
Ice core, database, wdb, paleoclimatic data, sharegeonetwork, postgresql, postgis, open source, next data, idb, ice core database ,GEO/05 - GEOLOGIA APPLICATA - Abstract
The study was developed as part of the "Project of Strategic Interest - PNR 2011-2013 NextData." The project provides for the creation of a national system for the collection, preservation, accessibility and dissemination of environmental and climate data. A specific database has been developed for the collection of paleo-climatological data from ice cores extracted from glaciers in non-polar and marine sediment cores. The storage structure of the data is based on the architecture of WDB (Water and Weather Database System), a database developed by the Norwegian Meteorological Centre. The choice of WDB has been driven by the fact that this product is released under the GNU General Public License and therefore fully configurable, customizable, and distributed. Moreover, it has been developed into PostgreSQL/PostGIS and allows to record hydro-meteorological data as point and grid-like formats. In the first phase of the project, the database WDB has been modified to input data from high altitudes meteorological stations in Nepal, Pakistan, Africa and Italy. Moreover, the need to have a tested database able to contain data of different nature has led to the modification of the program source to store of data of different nature and with temporal extension unlimited.
27. SHARE geonetwork, a system for climate and paleoclimate data sharing
- Author
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maria teresa melis, Locci, F., Dessì, F., Frigerio, I., Strigaro, D., Vuillermoz, E., Melis, MT, Locci, F, Dessì, F, Frigerio, I, Strigaro, D, Vuillermoz, E, and Melis, M
- Subjects
Weather Database, Spatial Database, Open Source, High Mountains, SHARE, Geonetwork, paleoclimate, ice cores, marine cores ,GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA ,INF/01 - INFORMATICA - Abstract
This study is dedicated to the evelopment of a webGIS service platform for the environment data sharing. This new service is integrated into national and international projects supported by EvK2-CNR Committee and mainly focused on climate change studies. The system is based on the integration of the metadata catalogue Geonetwork and a dedicated database WDBPALEO. The scientific interest of this service is the possibility to access into the same site to the data acquired from the network of highest altitude stations for actual climate analysis and provision and data from paleoclimate samples acquired from ice and sea cores. The service for the first time shares these data in a downloadable standard format for all researchers and describes with the metadata catalogue all the necessary information for the correct use of these data. Since 2005, the Ev-K2 CNR Committee has promoted an integrated environmental project named SHARE (Station at High Altitude for Research on the Environment) focused on the mountain regions as primary indicators of climate change. Originally launched as a system of measurements in environmental and earth sciences in the Himalaya-Karakorum region, SHARE has later expanded its network to Europe (Apennines and Alps), Africa (Ruwenzori) and more recently to South America (Andes). The Italian project NextData, supported by Ministry of Education, Universities and Research has proposed this system for the development of a national service of environment data and metadata sharing dedicated to the study of climate change in the last 2000 years in the Mediterranean basin
28. New atmospheric composition observations in the Karakorum region: Influence of local emissions and large-scale circulation during a summer field campaign
- Author
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P. Laj, Tony Christian Landi, U. Bonafè, Francescopiero Calzolari, Elisa Vuillermoz, Paolo Bonasoni, A. Broquet, Davide Putero, Paolo Cristofanelli, P. Villani, Marcello Alborghetti, G. P. Verza, Angela Marinoni, R. Duchi, Putero, D, Cristofanelli, P., Laj, P., Marinoni, A., Villani, P., Broquet, A., Alborghetti, M., Bonafè, U., Calzolari, F., Duchi, R., Landi, T.C., Verza, G.P., Vuillermoz, E., and Bonasoni, P.
- Subjects
Pollution ,Aerosol particle ,Atmospheric Science ,Particle number ,Anthropogenic pollution ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Atmospheric sciences ,Combustion ,Karakorum ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Surface ozone ,Environmental Science(all) ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Glacier ,Thermal wind ,Aerosol ,chemistry ,Carbon dioxide ,Climatology ,HYSPLIT ,Environmental science - Abstract
In this work we provide an overview of short lived climate forcers (SLCFs) and carbon dioxide variability in the Karakorum, by presenting results deriving from a field campaign carried out at Askole (3015 m a.s.l., Pakistan Northern Areas), by Baltoro glacier. By using an innovative embedded and transportable system, continuous measurements of aerosol particle number concentration (Np, 1571 ± 2670 cm−3), surface ozone (O3, 31.7 ± 10.4 nmol/mol), carbon dioxide (CO2, 394.3 ± 6.9 μmol/mol) and meteorological parameters have been performed from August 20th to November 10th 2012. The domestic combustion from the Askole village emerged as a possible systematic source of contamination in the valley, with short-lasting pollution events probably related to domestic cooking activities characterized by high values of Np (6066 ± 5903 cm−3). By excluding these local contamination events, mountain thermal wind regime dominated the diurnal variability of Np, O3 and CO2. In comparison to night-time, we observed higher Np (+354 cm−3) and O3 (+7 nmol/mol) but lower CO2 (−8 μmol/mol) in air-masses coming from the lower valley during the central part of the day. Part of the day-to-day atmospheric composition variability can be also ascribed to synoptic circulation variability, as observed by using HYSPLIT 5-day back-trajectories.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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29. A simple model to evaluate ice melt over the ablation area of glaciers in the Central Karakoram National Park, Pakistan
- Author
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Daniele Bocchiola, Andrea Soncini, Elisa Vuillermoz, Claudio Smiraglia, Astrid Lambrecht, Antonella Senese, Christoph Mayer, Roberto Ambrosini, Umberto Minora, Carlo D'Agata, Guglielmina Diolaiuti, Minora, U, Senese, A, Bocchiola, D, Soncini, A, D'Agata, C, Ambrosini, R, Mayer, C, Lambrecht, A, Vuillermoz, E, Smiraglia, C, and Diolaiuti, G
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Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,National park ,Distributed element model ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0207 environmental engineering ,Glacier ,02 engineering and technology ,Ablation ,01 natural sciences ,Debris ,GEO/05 - GEOLOGIA APPLICATA ,Ice melt ,Fresh water ,medicine ,debris-covered glaciers, glacier ablation phenomena, glacier modelling, remote sensing, surface melt ,020701 environmental engineering ,Meltwater ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
This study provides an estimate of fresh water derived from ice melt for the ablation areas of glaciers in the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP), Pakistan. In the CKNP there are ~700 glaciers, covering ~4600 km2, with widespread debris cover (518 km2). To assess meltwater volume we applied a distributed model able to describe both debris-covered and debris-free ice ablation. The model was calibrated using data collected in the field in the CKNP area and validated by comparison with ablation data collected in the field, independent of the data used in building the model. During 23 July–9 August 2011, the mean model-estimated ablation in the CKNP was 0.024 m w.e. d–1 in debris-covered areas and 0.037 m w.e. d–1 in debris-free areas. We found a mean error of +0.01 m w.e. (corresponding to 2%) and a root-mean-square error equal to 0.09 m w.e. (17%). According to our model, the ablation areas of all the glaciers in the CKNP produced a water volume of 1.963 km3 during the study period. Finally, we performed several sensitivity tests for assessing the impact of the input data variations.
- Published
- 2015
30. High black carbon and ozone concentrations during pollution transport in the Himalayas: five years of continuous observations at NCO-P global GAW station
- Author
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Michela Maione, Davide Putero, Paolo Cristofanelli, Angela Marinoni, Tony Christian Landi, Francescopiero Calzolari, Paolo Bonasoni, Elisa Vuillermoz, R. Duchi, Paolo Laj, Marinoni, A, Cristofanelli, P., Laj, P., Duchi, R., Putero, D., Calzolari, F., Landi, T.C., Vuillermoz, E., Maione, M., and Bonasoni, P.
- Subjects
Pollution ,Ozone ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Himalaya ,Monsoon ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Black carbon ,Animal science ,Nepal ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biomass burning ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,Air Pollutants ,Troposphere ,Mean value ,General Medicine ,Carbon black ,Carbon ,chemistry ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Seasonal cycle - Abstract
To study the influence of polluted air-mass transport carrying ozone (O3) and black carbon (BC) in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P) GAW-WMO global station (Nepal, 5079 m a.s.l.) is operative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 ppb (± standard deviation) and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, respectively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during pre-monsoon (O3: 61.3 ± 7.7 ppbV; BC: 444 ± 433 ng/m3) and minima during the summer monsoon (O3: 40.1 ± 12.4 ppbV; BC: 64 ± 101 ng/m3). The analysis of the days characterised by the presence of a significant BC increase with respect to the typical seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by "acute" pollution events, corresponding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the pre-monsoon period, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transport of polluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these "acute" pollution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC (352%) and O3 (29%) levels compared with the remaining days. © 2013 The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
- Published
- 2014
31. Transport of short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P) to the Himalayas during the South Asian summer monsoon onset
- Author
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Tony Christian Landi, Davide Putero, G. P. Verza, Paolo Bonasoni, E. Vuillermoz, Francescopiero Calzolari, Shichang Kang, P. Stocchi, Angela Marinoni, Bhupesh Adhikary, Jing Ming, Paolo Cristofanelli, R. Duchi, Paolo Laj, Cristofanelli, P., Putero, D., Adhikary, B., Landi, T.C., Marinoni, A., Duchi, R., Calzolari, F., Laj, P., Stocchi, P., Verza, G., Vuillermoz, E., Kang, S., Ming, J., and Bonasoni, P.
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mineral dust ,Himalayas ,Atmospheric circulation ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,equivalent black carbon ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Storm ,Mineral dust ,Monsoon ,Atmospheric sciences ,Arid ,Aerosol ,Troposphere ,ozone ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,monsoon onset ,Precipitation ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Over the course of six years (2006-2011), equivalent black carbon (eqBC), coarse aerosol mass (PM1-10), and surface ozone (O3), observed during the monsoon onset period at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid WMO/GAW Global Station (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.), were analyzed to investigate events characterized by a significant increase in these short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P). These events occurred during periods characterized by low (or nearly absent) rain precipitation in the central Himalayas, and they appeared to be related to weakening stages (or 'breaking') of the South Asian summer monsoon system. As revealed by the combined analysis of atmospheric circulation, air-mass three-dimensional back trajectories, and satellite measurements of atmospheric aerosol loading, surface open fire, and tropospheric NOx , the large amount of SLCF/P reaching the NCO-P appeared to be related to natural (mineral dust) and anthropogenic emissions occurring within the PBL of central Pakistan (i.e., Thar Desert), the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic plain, and the Himalayan foothills. The systematic occurrence of these events appeared to represent the most important source of SLCF/P inputs into the central Himalayas during the summer monsoon onset period, with possible important implications for the regional climate and for hydrological cycles.
- Published
- 2014
32. Improving the quality of cognitive screening assessments: ACEmobile, an iPad-based version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III.
- Author
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Newman CGJ, Bevins AD, Zajicek JP, Hodges JR, Vuillermoz E, Dickenson JM, Kelly DS, Brown S, and Noad RF
- Abstract
Introduction: Ensuring reliable administration and reporting of cognitive screening tests are fundamental in establishing good clinical practice and research. This study captured the rate and type of errors in clinical practice, using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), and then the reduction in error rate using a computerized alternative, the ACEmobile app., Methods: In study 1, we evaluated ACE-III assessments completed in National Health Service (NHS) clinics ( n = 87) for administrator error. In study 2, ACEmobile and ACE-III were then evaluated for their ability to capture accurate measurement., Results: In study 1, 78% of clinically administered ACE-IIIs were either scored incorrectly or had arithmetical errors. In study 2, error rates seen in the ACE-III were reduced by 85%-93% using ACEmobile., Discussion: Error rates are ubiquitous in routine clinical use of cognitive screening tests and the ACE-III. ACEmobile provides a framework for supporting reduced administration, scoring, and arithmetical error during cognitive screening.
- Published
- 2017
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33. High frequency new particle formation in the Himalayas.
- Author
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Venzac H, Sellegri K, Laj P, Villani P, Bonasoni P, Marinoni A, Cristofanelli P, Calzolari F, Fuzzi S, Decesari S, Facchini MC, Vuillermoz E, and Verza GP
- Subjects
- Aerosols, Air Movements, Atmosphere, Nepal, Particulate Matter, Air Pollutants, Altitude, Ions, Nanoparticles
- Abstract
Rising air pollution levels in South Asia will have worldwide environmental consequences. Transport of pollutants from the densely populated regions of India, Pakistan, China, and Nepal to the Himalayas may lead to substantial radiative forcing in South Asia with potential effects on the monsoon circulation and, hence, on regional climate and hydrological cycles, as well as to dramatic impacts on glacier retreat. An improved description of particulate sources is needed to constrain the simulation of future regional climate changes. Here, the first evidence of very frequent new particle formation events occurring up to high altitudes is presented. A 16-month record of aerosol size distribution from the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (Nepal, 5,079 m above sea level), the highest atmospheric research station, is shown. Aerosol concentrations are driven by intense ultrafine particle events occurring on >35% of the days at the interface between clean tropospheric air and the more polluted air rising from the valleys. During a pilot study, we observed a significant increase of ion cluster concentrations with the onset of new particle formation events. The ion clusters rapidly grew to a 10-nm size within a few hours, confirming, thus, that in situ nucleation takes place up to high altitudes. The initiation of the new particle events coincides with the shift from free tropospheric downslope winds to thermal upslope winds from the valley in the morning hours. The new particle formation events represent a very significant additional source of particles possibly injected into the free troposphere by thermal winds.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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