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In recent decades, a plethora of natural disasters, including floods, storms, heat waves, droughts, and various other weather-related events, have brought destruction worldwide. In particular, Algeria is facing several natural hydrometeorological and geological hazards. In this study, meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine) and runoff data were analyzed for the Wadi Ouahrane basin (northern Algeria), into which drains much of the surrounding agricultural land and is susceptible to floods. In particular, a trend analysis was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, the Sen's slope estimator, and the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) method to detect possible trends in the time series over the period 1972/73–2017/2018. The results revealed significant trends in several hydro-meteorological variables. In particular, neither annual nor monthly precipitation showed a clear tendency, thus failing to indicate potential changes in the rainfall patterns. Temperature evidenced a warming trend, indicating a potential shift in the local climate, while streamflow revealed a decreasing trend, reflecting the complex interaction between precipitation and other hydrological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrology and meteorological data from relatively undisturbed watersheds aid in identifying effects on ecosystem services, tracking hydroclimatic trends, and reducing model uncertainties. Sustainable forest, water, and infrastructure management depends on assessing the impacts of extreme events and land use change on flooding, droughts, and biogeochemical processes. For example, global climate models predict more frequent high-intensity storms and longer dry periods for the southeastern USA. We summarized 17 years (2005–2021) of hydrometeorological data recorded in the 52 km2, third-order Turkey Creek watershed at the Santee Experimental Forest (SEF), Southeastern Coastal Plain, USA. This is a non-tidal headwater system of the Charleston Harbor estuary. The study period included a wide range of weather conditions; annual precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) ranged from 994 mm and 1212 mm in 2007 to 2243 mm and 1063 in 2015, respectively. The annual runoff coefficient (ROC) varied from 0.09 in 2007 (with water table (WT) as deep as 2.4 m below surface) to 0.52 in 2015 (with frequently ponded WT conditions), with an average of 0.22. Although the average P (1470 mm) was 11% higher than the historic 1964–1976 average (1320 mm), no significant (α= 0.05) trend was found in the annual P (p = 0.11), ROC (p = 0.17) or runoff (p = 0.27). Runoff occurred on 76.4% of all days in the study period, exceeding 20 mm/day for 1.25% of all days, mostly due to intense storms in the summer and lower ET demand in the winter. No-flow conditions were common during most of the summer growing season. WT recharge occurred during water-surplus conditions, and storm-event base flow contributed 23–47% of the total runoff as estimated using a hydrograph separation method. Storm-event peak discharge in the Turkey Creek was dominated by shallow subsurface runoff and was correlated with 48 h precipitation totals. Estimated precipitation intensity–duration–frequency and flood frequency relationships were found to be larger than those found by NOAA for the 1893–2002 period (for durations ≥ 3 h), and by USGS regional frequencies (for ≥10-year return intervals), respectively, for the same location. We recommend an integrated analysis of these data together with available water quality data to (1) assess the impacts of rising tides on the hydroperiod and biogeochemical processes in riparian forests of the estuary headwaters, (2) validate rainfall–runoff models including watershed scale models to assess land use and climate change on hydrology and water quality, and (3) inform watershed restoration goals, strategies, and infrastructure design in coastal watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to look into the role that bioretention systems play in a decentralized management of stormwater runoff from the impervious areas. The study took place at a catchment of a low permeability and equipped with a combined sewer system. Two rainfall options were selected: actual rainfall intensity q = 105.65 dm3∙s−1∙ha−1 and a hypothetic rainfall with a probability of exceedance p = 10% and q = 40.7 dm3∙s−1∙ha−1. All calculations were carried out using the SWMM EPA program (storm water management model; Environmental Protection Agency). They have shown that the bioretention system reduces the cumulative flow rates by over 55% and the flood wave volume by over 54%. Moreover, it was found that, a precipitation pattern significantly influences runoff from the urban catchment.

The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of asymptotic functions for determining the value of CN parameter as a function of precipitation depth in mountain and upland catchments. The analyses were carried out in two catchments: the Rudawa, left tributary of the Vistula, and the Kamienica, right tributary of the Dunajec. The input material included data on precipitation and flows for a multi-year period 1980–2012, obtained from IMGW PIB in Warsaw. Two models were used to determine empirical values of CNobs parameter as a function of precipitation depth: standard Hawkins model and 2-CN model allowing for a heterogeneous nature of a catchment area.

Comparison of quality of Snyder’s model for determination flood waves was examination in this work. Model parameters were calibrated based on objective functions: percentage error in peak flow (PEPF), percentage error in volume (PEV), peak-weighted root mean square error (PWRMSE), sum of absolute residuals (SAR) and sum of squared residuals (SSR). Quality of model was calculating by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient E. Additionally sensitivity of a model was characterized by its flexibility. The analyses were performed in the watershed of Grabinka. It has been found that the use PWRMSE as the objective function allows to obtain the best quality results of simulation. Furthermore, Snyder’s model is flexible to the change of Cp coefficient.

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analiz z wykorzystaniem dwóch modeli - konceptualnego modelu Wackermana oraz syntetycznego hydrogramu jednostkowego NRCS-UH - do określenia przepływów w zlewni rzeki Słonka, znajdującej się na obszarze Polski. Wybrane modele charakteryzują się łatwością określenia danych wejściowych do modelu, co jest istotne w aspekcie obliczeń inżynierskich. Obliczenia wykonano dla przepływów o prawdopodobieństwie wystąpienia przekroczenia wynoszącym: 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% i 50 dla różnych poziomów uwilgotnienia zlewni.

W artykule przedstawiono wielkość zmian odpływu powierzchniowego w wyniku przyszłych planowanych zmian użytkowania rolniczego zlewni. Badania prowadzono w obszarze Winnej Góry znajdującej się w miejscowości Mściwojów (województwo dolnośląskie) w zlewni zbiornika wodnego Mściwojów.

The aim of this study is to present the application of statistical methods to assess the possibility of grouping precipitation according to their elevation above sea level and precipitation levels in the temperate climate of Poland. The country was divided into regions with similar levels of precipitation using cluster analysis by Ward’s method. The study was performed with meteorological data on average monthly precipitation of 53 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010. The selection of stations was dictated by the need to consider the variability in amounts of annual precipitation throughout the country. The data was used to calculate average annual precipitation total as well as average precipitation total in the summer half-year (from May to October) and the winter half-year (from November to April) for Poland, from 1981 to 2010. Statistical method was performed and six clusters were generated, for the elevation of the stations and average annual precipitation as well as average precipitation for hydrological half-years. The average annual precipitation for the clusters ranged from 530 mm (cluster 5) to 820 mm (cluster 2). The average precipitation for the winter hydrological half-year ranged from 190.1 mm (cluster 1) to 288.8 mm (cluster 5). The average precipitation for the summer hydrological half-year ranged from 326.3 mm (cluster 5) to 605 mm (cluster 2). The conclusions from the analysis carried out in the study are that: (1) grouping by means of Ward’s method can be used to distinguish homogeneous areas with the same levels of precipitation; (2) both precipitation and the elevation, at which meteorological stations are located, are the basis for distinguishing clusters in Ward’s method.

In this work, the capability of STORAGE (STOchastic RAinfall GEnerator) model for generating long and continuous rainfall series for the upper Vistula basin (southern Poland) is tested. Specifically, in the selected area, only parameters of depth-duration-frequency curves are known for sub-daily rainfall heights (which are usually estimated in an indirect way by using Lambor's equations from daily data), while continuous daily series with a sufficient sample size are available. Attention is focused on modelling the sample frequency distributions of daily annual maximum rainfall. The obtained results are promising for further elaborations, concerning the use of STORAGE synthetic continuous rainfall data as input for a continuous rainfall-runoff approach, to be preferred with respect to classical event-based modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the work was to determine the technological reliability of the selected pollution indicators removal BOD5, CODCr and total suspension from the sewage treatment plant working with the bioreactor Pomiltek Mann type. Wastewater treatment plant which is a subject of this study is located in Lesser Poland, in Siepraw commune. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids. Physicochemical analyses of raw and treated wastewater, were carried out in the period from 2003 to 2014 (11 years). The research period included measured values of pollutions indicators in 38 samples of raw and treated sewage. For each of pollution indicators descriptive statistic, percentage reduction (ղ) and treatment plant reliability factors (RF) were calculated. Average reduction for BOD5 and TSS was on level equal 94%, only for COD the average reduction was lower and was on level 89%. The reliability values determined by Weibull method, were: 75% (BOD5), 90% (CODCr) and 89.5% (TSS). The reliability results have been lower than the presented by literature source, which means that work of wastewater treatment plant in Siepraw was not satisfied in 11 years of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial variability of precipitation in Poland in the years 1981–2010. The average annual rainfall was 607 mm. Precipitation in Poland is characterized by high spatial and temporal variability. The lowest annual precipitation was recorded in the central part of the country, where they equaled 500 mm. The highest annual precipitation totals were determined in the south, equaling 970 mm. The average precipitation in the summer half-year is 382 mm (63% of the annual total). On the basis of data from 53 climate stations, maps were made of the spatial distribution of precipitation for the period of the year and winter and summer half-year. The kriging method was used to map rainfall distribution in Poland. In the case study, cross-validation was used to compare the prediction performances of three periods. Kriging, with exponential type of semivariogram, gave the best performance in the statistical sense. Their application is justices especially in areas where landform is very complex. In accordance with the assumptions, the mean prediction error (ME), mean standardized prediction error (MSE), and root mean-square standardized prediction error (RMSSE) values are approximately zero, and root-mean-square prediction error (RMSE) and average standard error (ASE) reach values well below 100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)