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［Objective］Earth chamber pressure is a key parameter for EPB (earth pressure balance) shield construction assessment. Accurate prediction of earth chamber pressure helps construction technicians take timely control measures to ensure subway tunnel construction safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the earth chamber pressure prediction method of EPB shield. ［Method］A multi-branch LSTM (long and short term memory)-DNN (deep neural network) fusion model is proposed. LSTM branch extracts its time series evolution characteristics by backtracking historical data, while DNN branch extracts excavation state characteristics. The two branches are combined and then integrated through a fully connected layer to realize the prediction of earth chamber pressure. This multi-branch model is verified based on the actual shield tunnel data of Jinan Rail Transit Line 1, and compared with LSTM and DNN models respectively. ［Result & Conclusion］The prediction model of earth chamber pressure based on LSTM-DNN fusion algorithm can converge efficiently, and has good prediction effects on the training set and the verification set. In the subsequent 100-step test, the predicted value of earth chamber pressure obtained by the LSTM-DNN fusion model better reflects the change trend of the actual value, with an average deviation of 7.65 kPa and a relative error of 6.09%, indicating a higher prediction accuracy.

Objective Cutterhead torque is a crucial parameter that characterizes the safety of shield tunneling and the operating status of equipment. To address the difficulties in cutterhead torque prediction and excavation parameters timely correction, an advanced prediction method for shield tunneling cutterhead torque based on WaveNet network is proposed. Method The preprocessing method for working condition data is introduced, and the basic structure and construction method of the initial static model based on WaveNet network are proposed. A training set is constructed by extracting historical data of shield construction monitoring within the initial 50 m tunneling distance, and advanced prediction of the cutterhead torque is made after five construction steps based on the shield construction monitoring data of the previous 20 construction steps. With the increase of shield excavation distance, the model is retrained and updated every five construction steps using newly generated data set, thus a long-term dynamic model for cutterhead torque advanced prediction is proposed. Taking the left-line data of the Yufuhe Sta.-Wangfuzhuang Sta. shield tunnel interval of Jinan Rail Transit Line 1 as example, the prediction effect of cutterhead torque is analyzed and verified. Result & Conclusion The cutterhead torque values by advanced prediction for the first 50 m tunneling distance show a basic consistency with the changing trend of actual values, with an average relative error of 10.07%. The initial static model exhibits relatively high prediction accuracy. As the tunneling distance increases, the relative error of the initial static model increases from 10% to about 30%, while that of the continuously updated long-term dynamic model remains stable at around 10%. The update time of the long-term dynamic model is generally distributed between 1 and 6 seconds, with an average time consumption of 3.92 s, meeting the requirement for efficient dynamic model updates.

Background: T cell receptor (TCR)–engineered T cells targeting neoantigens originated from mutations in KRAS gene have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials against solid tumors. However, the challenge lies in developing tumor-specific TCRs that avoid cross-reactivity with self-antigens to minimize the possibility of severe clinical toxicities. Current research efforts have been put towards strategies to eliminate TCR off-target recognition. Methods: Naive T cell repertoire was used for screening KRASG12D-reactive TCRs. Specific TCRs were subsequently identified and their functionality was assessed using TCR Jurkat cells and TCR T cells. Peptide specificity was evaluated using the X-scan assay. To enhance TCR specificity for KRASG12D and reduce their reactivity to self-peptide SMC1A29-38, mammalian TCR display libraries were employed for the design of modification in the complementarity-determining region (CDR). Results: HLA-A*11:01-restricted TCRs targeting the KRASG12D epitope were isolated, and TCR1 was characterized with superior functional avidity and specificity. Alongside a robust recognition of endogenous KRASG12D epitope, this TCR displayed cross-reactivity with the SMC1A29-38 epitope. With an approach utilizing structural-guided mutations in the CDR-1A region of TCR1, we obtained an engineered TCR variant (TCR1a7). Functional characterization of TCR1a7 showed that this TCR not only exhibited enhanced specificity towards KRASG12D, but also demonstrated successful elimination of the off-target recognition of SMC1A29-38. Conclusions: TCRs targeting the KRASG12D peptide could be isolated from naive T cell repertoires. Integrating the TCR-peptide-HLA complex structure with a mammalian TCR library system could serve as a functional strategy to reduce potential TCR cross-reactivity with self-antigens, such as SMC1A29-38. Our findings evidenced an operable method to enhance TCR peptide specificity, while maintaining advanced functional avidity and potent anti-tumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Earth chamber pressure is a key parameter for EPB (earth pressure balance) shield construction assessment. Accurate prediction of earth chamber pressure helps construction technicians take timely control measures to ensure subway tunnel construction safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the earth chamber pressure prediction method of EPB shield. [Method] A multi-branch LSTM (long and short term memory)-DNN (deep neural network) fusion model is proposed. LSTM branch extracts its time series evolution characteristics by backtracking historical data, while DNN branch extracts excavation state characteristics. The two branches are combined and then integrated through a fully connected layer to realize the prediction of earth chamber pressure. This multi-branch model is verified based on the actual shield tunnel data of Jinan Rail Transit Line 1, and compared with LSTM and DNN models respectively. [Result & Conclusion] The prediction model of earth chamber pressure based on LSTM-DNN fusion algorithm can converge efficiently, and has good prediction effects on the training set and the verification set. In the subsequent 100-step test, the predicted value of earth chamber pressure obtained by the LSTM-DNN fusion model better reflects the change trend of the actual value, with an average deviation of 7.65 kPa and a relative error of 6.09%, indicating a higher prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, the Pearl River Delta has undergone rapid development on economic and social fronts. Owing to the impacts of large-scale and intensive human activities, the river discharge and sediment loads entering the Pearl River channel networks along with its morphology have changed drastically, leading to substantial alterations in spatial-temporal tide-river dynamics. Accordingly, the estuarine water surface profile has also experienced stepwise evolution. However, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying water-level profile dynamics. In this study, the characteristics of and factors influencing the spatiotemporal evolution of the water surface profiles and residual water level curvature in the Dongping Channel were systematically explored based on the abrupt change in the Sanshui and Makou hydrological stations' flow diversion ratio in 1993, with the Dongping Channel considered as a case study. The obtained results are useful for setting scientific guidelines for evaluating morphological changes, adjusting flood control strategies, preventing saltwater intrusion, and constructing large-scale water conservancy projects. First, according to the abrupt change in the Sanshui and Makou hydrological stations' diversion ratio at the apex of the Pearl River channel networks, the evolution of the surface water profile dynamics in the Dongping Channel was divided into two phases: the pre-human period (1960-1992) and the post-human period (1993-2016). Subsequently, the dependence of the residual water level slope or tidal damping rate on discharge before and after the abrupt change in diversion ratio was studied using the double accumulation curve method. The residual water level curvature before and after human intervention was used to understand the dynamics of the residual water level slope and the resulting water surface profiles; in particular, the larger the curvature, the faster was the change in the residual water level. Meanwhile, the change in curvature from positive to negative (or vice versa) indicated a change in the shape from concave to convex (or vice versa). The results showed that: 1) The slope of the double cumulative curve of the residual water level slope or the tidal damping rate with regard to the river discharge decreased, indicating that the dependence of the residual water level or the tidal damping rate on the river discharge decreased; 2) the water surface slope of the Dongping Channel decreased as a whole, and the water surface slope upper reaches (Zidong-Sanshui reach) decreased the most. The rate of change of the gradient among the four seasons decreased by 4% to 67%. Meanwhile, the curvature fluctuation amplitude decreased, ranging from 2×10-10 to 5.48×10-10 before 1993, and from -0.9×10-10 to -0.07×10-10 after 1993; and 3) the main reason for the substantial change in the water surface profile was that sand excavation occurred in the middle and upper reaches of the Dongping Channel, leading to a substantial deepening of the river bed, a decrease in the water level, and an increase in water discharge. The lower reaches were mainly affected by tidal flat reclamation, resulting in channel deposition. Owing to the geometric changes, both the river discharge and tidal discharge increased in the middle reaches, leading to conversion of the water surface profile into an upward convex shape. Meanwhile, owing to the regulations for the Feilaixia Reservoir in the upper reaches of the Beijiang River and the seasonal regulation for cross-sectional width-depth ratio and sea-level change, the variation in the water surface curvature of the Dongping Channel in winter was much more significant than that in summer.

The experiment was conducted to study the tendency of the change of flavonoids content in pomelo during its growth and development and the characteristics of flavonoids accumulation in different cultivars Guanximiyou. The dried samples of the exocarp, mesocarp, and pulp of Sanhongmiyou and Huangjinmiyou were used for measuring the content of total flavonoids. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in exocarp decreased first and then increased during growth and development, while the content in mesocarp did not change obviously. Furthermore, the content in pulp showed a decreasing trend. The content in exocarp was the highest at the earlystage, while in mesocarp was the highest at the mature stage of the fruit. The content of total flavonoids in exocarp and pulp of Sanhongmiyou was higher than that of Huangjinmiyou, total flavonoids content in the exocarp of Sanhongmiyou was similar to Huangjinmiyou within 150 days after anthesis. In addition, the variation trend of the two cultivars was consistent throughout the whole growth and development.

In order to study the effect of different planting areas on the color of Pomelo cv. Huangjinmiyou fruit, Pujiang and Guang’an Pomelo cv. Huangjinmiyou were used in this experiment. Brightness, red and green deviation and blue and yellow deviation of exocarp, mesocarp and pulp parts in the test samples were measured, and the composite index of color difference was calculated. The results showed that the comprehensive index of color difference in the exocarp and pulp of Pomelo cv. Huangjinmiyou from the two planting areas changed almost synchronously. But it was negative at 90 days after anthesis and positive at 120 days after anthesis in the mesocarp of Pujiang pomelo. It was still negative at 150 days after anthesis in the mesocarp of Guang’an pomelo until 180 days after anthesis. It reflects the comprehensive index of fruit color displayed by the accumulation of carotenoids. The external environment stimulates the accumulation of carotenoids. Therefore, color variation difference may be caused by different environmental factors in the two regions.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HPV+ HNSCC patients have a higher survival rate, which may be related to its unique tumor microenvironment. Exosomes are emerging as a communication tool between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, including cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In this study, 111 clinical samples tissues and public sequencing data were analyzed. Our study found fewer CAFs infiltrated in HPV+ HNSCC, and poor CAF infiltration level was associated with a good prognosis. HPV+ HNSCC cell‐derived exosomes can significantly reduce the phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts. miR‐9‐5p, as a miRNA enriched in HPV+ HNSCC cell‐derived exosomes, can be transferred to fibroblasts. miR‐9‐5p mimic transfection decreased the expression of NOX4 and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibited the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF‐β1)‐induced increase of αSMA levels. Therefore, these results indicated that HPV+ HNSCC‐derived exosomal miR‐9‐5p inhibits TGF‐β signaling‐mediated fibroblast phenotypic transformation through NOX4, which is related to the excellent prognosis of HPV patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important etiological factor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HPV+ HNSCC patients usually have a better prognosis, which probably results from the higher infiltration of B lymphocytes. This study was purposed to detect the infiltration of B lymphocyte subsets and the correlation between B lymphocyte subsets and the prognosis in HPV‐related HNSCC. In this study, 124 HPV+ and 513 HPV− HNSCC samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for transcriptomic analysis. Infiltration of B lymphocytes subsets was detected with 7 HPV+ HNSCC and 13 HPV− HNSCC tissues through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. One HPV− HNSCC sample was detected with single‐cell sequencing for chemokine analysis. In the results, the infiltration of plasma cells (CD19+CD38+) and memory B cells (MS4A1+CD27+) was higher in HPV+ HNSCC samples. High infiltration of plasma cells and memory B cells was related to a better prognosis. High density of B lymphocytes was positively correlated with high CXCL13 production mainly from CD4+ T lymphocytes in HNSCC. These results indicated that a high density of plasma cells and memory B cells could predict excellent prognosis. CD4+ T lymphocytes might affect B lymphocytes and their subsets through the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolusite leaching slag is a Fe-containing slag generated from pyrolusite leaching process with SO2. Recovery of iron from the slag not only has economic benefit, but also prevents the secondary pollution to the environment. A novel lab-scale cyclic process for recovering iron from pyrolusite leaching slag was introduced. The process contains two steps: (1) iron was leached with oxalic acid and [Fe(C2O4)n](3-2n)+ solution was generated; (2) the [Fe(C2O4)n](3-2n)+ solution was irradiated by ultraviolet and ferrous oxalate precipitation were obtained. The effect of operation parameter on leaching and irradiation process were studied separately. In the leaching process, the optimal solid/liquid ratio, oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, stirring rate, and leaching time are 1:50, 0.40 mol/L, 95 °C, 300 r/min, and 3 h, respectively. In the irradiation process, the best irradiation wavelength, Fe/oxalic acid molar ratio and irradiation time are 254 nm, 1:4, and 30 min. Besides, a test of 9 continuous cycles was carried out and the performance and material balance of the combined process were investigated. The results showed that the cyclic process is entirely feasible and prove to be stable producing, and ferrous oxalate of 99.32% purity. Material balance indicated that 95.17% of iron was recovered in the form of FeC2O4•2H2O, and the recovery efficiency of oxalic acid was 58.52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]