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Vascular malformations, which mainly occur in the head and neck region, are a group of congenital disorders that cannot involute and dilate gradually as patients grow. Traditional therapeutic strategies for vascular malformations include laser therapy, sclerotherapy, interventional embolization, surgical resection, etc. However, for some cases with a relatively larger range of lesions, traditional therapeutic strategies might fall short of the goals. With the development of molecular genetics, gene mutations are currently recognized as the root cause of the occurrence of vascular malformations. The progression of vascular malformation lesions is further promoted by the activation of related pathways. Low-flow vascular malformations mainly involve activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, whereas high-flow vascular malformations mainly involve activation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)/extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. Targeted drugs against relevant gene mutations and signaling pathways have also been applied in the treatment of vascular malformations, and previous studies have shown that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin is effective and now widely used in the treatment of low-flow vascular malformations. The PI3K inhibitor alpelisib is also promising in the treatment of venous malformations, and the MAPKK inhibitor trametinib has shown good results in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations. Therefore, traditional therapies supplemented by targeted drugs may bring new breakthroughs to the treatment of vascular malformations.

The ironic effect of thought suppression refers to the phenomenon in which individuals trying to rid their mind of a target thought ironically experience greater levels of occurrence and accessibility of the thought compared with individuals who deliberately concentrate on the thought (Wegner, 1994, doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34). Ironic effects occurring after thought suppression, also known as rebound effects, were consistently detected by previous meta-analyses. However, ironic effects that occur during thought suppression, also known as immediate enhancement effects, were found to be largely absent. In this meta-analysis, we test Wegner's original proposition that detection of immediate enhancement effects depends on the cognitive load experienced by individuals when enacting thought suppression. Given that thought suppression is an effortful cognitive process, we propose that the introduction of additional cognitive load would compete for the allocation of existing cognitive resources and impair capacity for thought suppression. Studies (k = 31) consistent with Wegner's original thought-suppression paradigm were analyzed. Consistent with our predictions, rebound effects were observed regardless of cognitive load, whereas immediate enhancement effects were observed only in the presence of cognitive load. We discuss implications in light of ironic-process theory and suggest future thought-suppression research.

The conventional reflective optical surface with adjustable reflection characteristics requires a complex external power source. The complicated structure and preparation process of the power system leads to the limited modulation of the reflective properties and difficulty of use in large-scale applications. Inspired by the biological compound eye, different microstructures are utilized to modulate the optical performance. Convex aspheric micromirror arrays (MMAs) can increase the luminance gain while expanding the field of view, with a luminance gain wide angle > 90° and a field-of-view wide angle close to 180°, which has the reflective characteristics of a large gain wide angle and a large field-of-view wide angle. Concave aspheric micromirror arrays can increase the luminance gain by a relatively large amount of up to 2.66, which has the reflective characteristics of high gain. Industrial-level production and practical applications in the projection display segment were carried out. The results confirmed that convex MMAs are able to realize luminance gain over a wide spectrum and a wide range of angles, and concave MMAs are able to substantially enhance luminance gain, which may provide new opportunities in developing advanced reflective optical surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoke flow is affected by various factors during the roadway fire. To study the law of smoke diffusion and disasters during fire period, the numerical simulation for L-type roadway based on FDS is carried out. Refer to the wind speed specified in the Safety Regulations for Coal Mines, flue gas spread, temperature and CO concentration changes in mine fires at wind speed range of 0.25 m/s to 2.1 m/s under 1.92 MW and 2.7 MW fire source power are simulated. The results show that the fire source power and the wind speed have great influence on the smoke diffusion, and the leeward side exhaust velocity is positively correlated with the fire source heat release rate and wind speed. Due to the existence of critical wind speed, the heat release rate has a different relationship with the backflow of smoke in the windward side. When the wind speed is too low, the flue gas diffusion velocity on the windward side depends on the power of the large fire source; when the wind speed increases to the critical wind speed, the influence of the fire source power on the flue gas reverse flow velocity and distance decreases or even disappears. The temperature of the roadway is consistent with the influence of the fire source power and the wind speed. The temperature decreases from the fire zone of the roadway to both sides, but the temperature of the large fire source power tunnel is higher than that of the low fire source power.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of the capillary density (CD) of the central 1–6 mm and peripheral 6–12 mm annular regions in detecting open‐angle glaucoma in high myopia (HM) using 15 × 12 mm wide‐field swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS‐OCTA). Methods: The study enrolled 206 and 103 eyes with HM and highly myopic open‐angle glaucoma (HM‐OAG), respectively. WF SS‐OCTA images centred on the fovea were obtained to analyse the changes in the CD in the 1–3 mm, 3–6 mm, 6–9 mm, and 9–12 mm annular regions. CD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was measured with the built‐in software. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of each region was compared. Results: The diagnostic performance of the SCP CD in the central 1–6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.849) was better than that in the peripheral 6–12 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.756, p = 0.001). The annular AUROCs of SCP CD peaked in the 3–6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.858) and gradually decreased with increasing diameter and were lower than the corresponding AUROCs of the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). SCP CD of the inferior quadrant in the 3–6 mm annular region had the best diagnostic performance (AUROC = 0.859). Conclusion: The SCP CD in the central 1–6 mm annular region exhibited better diagnostic performance for the detection of HM‐OAG in HM. The assessment of more peripheral regions has no added value in detecting glaucoma in HM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of problems of poor fluidity, unsatisfactory fire-extinguishing effect and high cost of existing mine-used anti-fire extinguishing resistant material,inorganic clay composite superabsorbent resin was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method, and its structural characterization and thermal stability were measured. The resistive properties were studied combined with heating process of coal spontaneous combustion. The results of infrared spectrum and thermal stability analysis show that the prepared composite superabsorbent resin has main functional group with high water absorption characteristics and high thermal stability. The coal samples were treated with CaCl2, ascorbic acid and composite superabsorbent resin to resist the oxidation, and the oxidation kinetics and index gas tests were carried out on the coal samples after the inhibition. The results show that compared with the raw coal, CaCl2 and ascorbic acid resistant coal sample, composite superabsorbent resin resistant coal sample has the smallest oxygen consumption when the temperature of coal sample reaches 70 °C, and its intersection temperature is the highest, the initial temperature required to produce CO and CO2 is higher, which indicates that the composite superabsorbent resin has better inhibition effect on coal spontaneous combustion.

In order to master development and evolution law of cable fire in coal mine chamber, FDS software was used to simulate smoke flow, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration and temperature during development process of cable fire in coal mine chamber. The results show that: ① With increase of time of cable fire in coal mine chamber, smoke flow will accelerate to spread the whole chamber; carbon monoxide concentration increases firstly, then decreases and finally tends to be stable; oxygen concentration decreases firstly, then increases and finally tends to be stable; temperature increases firstly, then decreases and finally approaches initial temperature. ② Concentration of carbon monoxide and oxygen in return airway fluctuates violently, and temperature fluctuation is relatively small, while carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration and temperature in air inlet roadway are not affected by fire, so the air inlet roadway can be used as a safe escape route. ③ Within 60 s after the fire occurs, smoke flow has a small spreading range and concentrates in middle-upper part of chamber, and carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration and temperature are all within safe range. The best time to escape is within 60 s after the fire occurs.

The conventional overcurrent protection is ineffective in isolating faults in microgrids due to the low fault current levels contributed by inverter-interfaced distributed generations (IIDGs). To extend the microgrid protection methods, the distance protection is considered as a common alternative to detect faults. However, the fault-ride-through (FRT) requirements and the high impedance fault (HIF) detection challenge the application of the conventional distance protection. To solve the two problems, a new inverse-time distance (ITD) protection for medium-voltage AC microgrids was proposed in this paper. The primary ITD protection was designed to meet the FRT requirements, and the backup protection was coordinated to isolate faults. The fault resistance and distributed generation infeed effect on the measured impedance were mitigated by a communication-assisted method proposed in this paper. Owing to the shorter communication channel time in distribution feeders and lower communication investments without a synchronous clock, the proposed method can be used to improve the ITD protection performance. An 11 kV AC microgrid was simulated with different fault types in the islanded mode and grid-connected mode. Time domain simulation verified the effectiveness of the proposed ITD protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]