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Background: p53, the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, lacks effective targeted drugs. Methods: We developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target a p53 hotspot mutation E285K without cross-reactivity with wild-type p53. They were delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate DNA plasmids. Western blot, BLI, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other methods were employed to assess the function of mAbs in vitro and in vivo. Results: These LNP-pE285K-mAbs in the IgG1 format exhibited a robust anti-tumor effect, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T, B, and NK cells. scRNA-seq revealed that IgG1 reduces immune inhibitory signaling, increases MHC signaling from B cells to CD8+ T cells, and enriches anti-tumor T cell and B cell receptor profiles. The E285K-mAbs were also produced in the dimeric IgA (dIgA) format, whose anti-tumor activity depended on the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), a membrane Ig receptor, whereas that of IgG1 relied on TRIM21, an intracellular IgG receptor. Conclusions: Targeting specific mutant epitopes using DNA-encoded and LNP-delivered mAbs represents a potential precision medicine strategy against p53 mutants in TRIM21- or PIGR-positive cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, unit disk graphs (UDGs) are used as abstractions of wireless networks. In the paper, we study the problem of finding an extended minimum connected dominating set (E-MCDS) in a wireless network with cooperative communication (CC), which was proposed in Wu et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 17(8):851–864, 2006) and is NP-hard. We propose a two-phase centralized algorithm to construct an extended connected dominating set (ECDS) for a given UDG with CC. First, we construct a 2-hop extended dominating set (EDS) in the UDG. Then, we add some new nodes into the 2-hop EDS to make it connected. To obtain the performance ratio of this two-phase centralized algorithm, we first give an upper bound on the size of the 2-hop EDS. Using this upper bound, we prove that the size of the ECDS found by the centralized algorithm is no greater than 27.192 opt - 3 or 160 ECDS opt - 3 , where opt and ECDS opt are the sizes of the minimum connected dominating set and the E-MCDS, respectively, in the UDG. Finally, a 160-approximate distributed algorithm based on the two-phase centralized algorithm is proposed, and its message and time complexities are analyzed, both of which are O (n 3) . Simulation results show that our work outperforms competing methods on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the continuous discharge of wastewater, which has caused serious environmental pollution, it is a task to separate oil or water from wastewater. Therefore, an efficient and low‐cost oil–water separation method is needed to separate the oil–water mixture. Here, a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic low density polyethylene/styrene‐butadiene rubber (LDPE/SBR) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) film (oil contact angle of 0° and water contact angle of 161.1° ± 1.7°) is prepared using an etched aluminum foil as a template and applied to a laboratory‐assembled oil–water separation device, which is a new method for oil–water separation via a pressure response valve. The LDPE/SBR TPV film is rolled up and stuffed into the through‐valve, and the gap between the films is used as the pressure response channel for oil and water separation, thus achieving oil and water separation. When the film gap is 25 or 50 µm, the separation efficiency of TPV film is greater than 99% with the variation of external pumping force, indicating that this method can achieve complete oil–water separation under a suitable external pumping force. This functional TPV film has good recyclability, environmental stability, chemical stability, mechanical durability, as well as thermal stability, which makes it have great application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glaciers in Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard, located in the hotspot of global warming, are sensitive to climate change. The assessment of glacier mass balance in Svalbard is one of the hotspots in Arctic research. In this study, we use the laser altimetry ICESat-2 data to investigate the elevation and mass change of Svalbard from 2019 to 2021 by a hypsometric approach. It is shown that the Svalbard-wide elevation change rate is −0.775 ± 0.225 m yr−1 in 2019–2021, corresponding to the mass change of −14.843 ± 4.024 Gt yr−1. All regions exhibit a negative mass balance, and the highest mass loss rates are observed at Northwestern Spitsbergen. Compared with ICESat/ICESat-2 (2003–2008 to 2019) and Cryosat-2 (2011–2017) periods, the elevation change from 2019 to 2021 has accelerated, with an increase by 158.3% and 31.5%, respectively, leading to equilibrium line altitude increasing to 750 m. Among the seven subregions, four are accelerated. It is shown that the overall accelerated glacier mass loss in Svalbard is expected to be caused by increasing surge events and temperature rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting the ocean dynamics is a critical issue for a wide array of climate extremes and environmental crisis. The dynamic variations are traditionally approached by relying on numerical models with all the related physical processes identified beforehand. An efficient alternative forecasting approach is based on the data-driven models. Despite their potential ability in modeling spatio-temporal ocean data, they ignore the fact that the ocean variables in different spatial regions and time periods typically have ever changing influences on each other, thus cannot yield satisfactory prediction results. In this paper, we develop a novel attention based dynamic graph for the ocean variable forecasting problem, which captures both the spatial and temporal dependencies. Specifically, we employ joint self-attention to incorporate information from the spatial graph over the target region, and model the graph evolution across long-range time steps. The performance of the proposed prediction model has been examined in the Indian Ocean based on ocean grid data products datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that this model has significant forecasting capability within 12 months, compared with the numerical methods and the state-of-the-art spatio-temporal embedding baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper systematically investigates the principles of electrospinning technology and summarizes the latest developments in regulating the structure of sensitive materials and enhancing the performance of fiber-based sensors. • Focusing on current challenges such as integration and performance matching of multifunctional sensors, an exhaustive review of the manufacturing methods and sensitive mechanisms of multifunctional sensors is provided. • In addressing the current challenges in the manufacturing of fiber-based single-mode sensors and the integration of multifunctional sensors, recommendations and a forward-looking perspective on future advancements are proposed for the development of multimodal, high-performance sensors. Flexible temperature sensors: A review, Sensors and. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have developed into a mature and effective method for sensor preparation due to the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable structure. Despite the abundance of research on electrospun fiber-based sensors in recent years, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the comprehensive electrospun fiber preparation process, unimodal sensor applications, and the design and fabrication of multifunctional sensors. This article systematically reviews the progress of electrospinning in multifunctional sensing, exploring various facets of this technology. Starting from the development history of electrospinning, technical principles, material selection, and influence parameters are introduced. The latest research advances in electrospinning on pressure sensing, strain sensing, temperature and humidity sensing, and gas sensing are presented in detail around the performance parameters of high-performance sensors. Importantly, this paper reviews the latest progress in structural design, fabrication methods, and performance optimization. Then, this paper summarizes current technical challenges and offers insights into future research trends in electrospun sensors. This comprehensive review aims to provide practical and theoretical references for the design and fabrication of high-performance fiber-based multifunctional sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ni(Co)Al-N catalyst were successfully prepared by using N doping method. • N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed on the catalyst surface. • The catalytic activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) hydrolysis was greatly improved. • Basic sites and oxygen vacancies jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. • COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Catalytic hydrolysis has been considered the most efficient method for the removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS). However, high-efficiency catalyst was urgently desired. In the present work, nitrogen-doped layered hydroxide-derived oxides (Ni(Co)Al-N) were successfully prepared. It was revealed that N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed for the prepared catalyst. And the catalytic activity was improved significantly. Among the catalysts, the NiAl-N catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity (can reach 780 min COS 100 % conversion) and lowest activation energy. The concept of OH generation potential was firstly proposed to evaluate the contribution of basic sites to the improvement of catalytic activity. The OH generation potential was greatly improved due to N doping. More importantly, the enhanced basic property and oxygen defect content jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. Besides, COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Namely, H 2 O first adsorbed on basic sites to form OH groups, then COS reacted directly with the formed OH groups, and to generate H 2 S and CO 2 products. HCO 3 – and HSCO 2 − were the main intermediate species, and the rate-determining step was the reaction between OCOSH* and H* to form CO 2 and H 2 S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐linking microstructure formed by the metal‐coordination bonds provides excellent properties for rubber materials. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) are successfully compounded with nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) to fabricate vulcanizates by the coordination cross‐linking. The curing characteristics, mobility of macromolecular segment, mechanical properties, morphology analysis, swelling properties, and dynamic features under cyclic compression of the vulcanizates are investigated systematically. The results indicate that the microstructure of 3D cross‐linking is held together by the metal‐coordination bonds between Cu2+ and CN. The torque during static vulcanization, tensile strength, and cross‐linking density of the obtained NBR/CuSO4/TMTM vulcanizates are better than that of NBR/CuSO4 vulcanizates, which is attributed to the synergistic effect between the radicals formed by the splitting of TMTM under thermal activation and the Cu2+; moreover, the highly reactive [Cu(SnCNMe2)]•2+ complexes are formed by the synergistic effect and promote the coordination stability of NBR and CuSO4 effectively. The excellent tensile properties of the prepared NBR/CuSO4/TMTM vulcanizates via synergistic effect made the metal‐coordination cross‐linking attractive in the field of industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) and fibrinogen to prealbumin ratio (FPR) in serum are two emerging biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between these two markers and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores (ASDAS). A total of 163 patients with AS and 120 healthy examinees were included in this study. The t -test and Mann-Whitney U ranking test were used to analyze the differences between groups. The spearman- test was used to analyze the correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fib), prealbumin (PAlb), CPR, FPR, and AS disease activity in the test group. We generated the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of CPR and FPR and determined the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the healthy group, ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), Fib (p < 0.001), CPR (p < 0.001), and FPR (p < 0.001) of AS patients were significantly increased, while PAlb was significantly reduced. CPR and FPR were more correlated to ASDAS-CRP. CPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.959, p < 0.001, r = 0.717, p < 0.001, r = 0.704, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). FPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, r = 0709, p < 0.001, r = 0.551, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). ROC showed that the AUC levels of CPR and FPR were high (AUC = 0.952 and AUC = 0.893). CPR and FPR are two promising new biological indicators for assessing disease activity in AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof fabrics, especially those consisting of hydrophobic microfibers, could protect human from severe weather conditions and environments, and thus are wildly used in sportswear, outdoor products, medicinal, and skin care. However, conventional electrospun hydrophobic microfibers usually lack thermoregulatory functions to provide more comfortable environments, and existing techniques to achieve thermoregulation require delicate fabrications and usually reduce their mechanical performance. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a low-cost water doping method to tune the thermoregulatory and tensile performance of electrospun hydrophobic microfibers. Through an emulsification and subsequent emulsion-electrospinning process, water in PMMA microfibers with 25–45 µm large diameter (W/P-L) and that with 2.5–4 µm small diameter (W/P-S) are fabricated to study the effect of water addition. The water, which exhibit high specific heat capacity, improves the material's heat storage capacity. Additionally, the water in hydrophobic microfibers facilitates the formation of a solid-vapor-liquid double interface, thus augmenting the insulating capacity of fibrous membranes and enhancing their thermoregulatory performance. The integration between soft and rigid materials improves the tensile performance of microfibers. Owing to the reliable encapsulation, our water doping method not only enables the fibrous membranes possessing better thermoregulatory and mechanical properties but also retains the excellent water repellency ability of microfiber architecture, thus broadening the potentiality of electrospun fibrous membranes when used as materials for waterproof sportswear, and other outdoor products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) and fibrinogen to prealbumin ratio (FPR) in serum are two emerging biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between these two markers and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores (ASDAS). A total of 163 patients with AS and 120 healthy examinees were included in this study. The t -test and Mann-Whitney U ranking test were used to analyze the differences between groups. The spearman- test was used to analyze the correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fib), prealbumin (PAlb), CPR, FPR, and AS disease activity in the test group. We generated the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of CPR and FPR and determined the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the healthy group, ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), Fib (p < 0.001), CPR (p < 0.001), and FPR (p < 0.001) of AS patients were significantly increased, while PAlb was significantly reduced. CPR and FPR were more correlated to ASDAS-CRP. CPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.959, p < 0.001, r = 0.717, p < 0.001, r = 0.704, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). FPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, r = 0709, p < 0.001, r = 0.551, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). ROC showed that the AUC levels of CPR and FPR were high (AUC = 0.952 and AUC = 0.893). CPR and FPR are two promising new biological indicators for assessing disease activity in AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Difference of the thermal degradation behaviors and kinetics of PKS in nitrogen and air was investigated. • Higher weight loss was observed in the air than nitrogen in the three stage. • The component of evolved gas and its evolution pattern was systematically investigated. • Heating rate had no remarkable effect on the kinetic triple. • The most probable mechanism function was estimated in Zone I and Zone II. Abstract Palm oil waste from palm oil industry is a promising biomass resource for bio-fuels and bio-chemicals production by biomass thermochemical conversion technology. In this paper, thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) were used to investigate the difference of the thermal degradation behaviors and kinetics of palm kernel shell under nitrogen and air atmosphere. Based on the TG analysis, the weight loss in the third stage with the air atmosphere was higher than the nitrogen atmosphere, presenting as weight loss of 12.4 wt. % in the carbonization stage of nitrogen atmosphere and 36.9 wt. % in combustion stage of air atmosphere. Based on the 3D-FTIR analysis, the dominant components in the nitrogen atmosphere was CO 2 , C O bond contained organics, and C H or C O bond contained organics, while CO 2 and H 2 O in the air atmosphere. The evolution and formation mechanism of non-condensable inorganic gaseous components (H 2 O, CH 4 , CO 2 and CO) in the two atmospheres were remarkably different. The H 2 O and CO 2 were mainly contributed by the breakage of OH group and the cracking/reforming reaction of C O and COOH groups in the nitrogen, however higher contents of H 2 O and CO 2 were observed because of the combustion reaction in the air. The CH 4 and CO were mainly contributed by the decomposition of OCH 3 , CH 3 , CH 2 groups and the cracking of carboxyl group in the nitrogen, while the content of CH 4 decreased by the diluting of H 2 O and CO 2 , and the CO increased by the incomplete combustion reaction in the air. The kinetic triple (mechanism function, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor) was estimated by the combined use of model-free (Ozawa and Kissinger) and model-fitting (Šatava-Šesták) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer development; however, imager inconsistency in density reporting can lead to patient and clinician confusion. A deep learning (DL) model for mammographic density grading was examined in a retrospective multi-reader multi-case study consisting of 928 image pairs and assessed for impact on inter- and intra-reader variability and reading time. Seven readers assigned density categories to the images, then re-read the test set aided by the model after a 4-week washout. To measure intra-reader agreement, 100 image pairs were blindly double read in both sessions. Linear Cohen Kappa (κ) and Student's t-test were used to assess the model and reader performance. The model achieved a κ of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.89) for four-class density assessment and a κ of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93) for binary non-dense/dense assessment. Superiority tests showed significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.70 to 0.88, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.83 to 0.95, p ≤ 0.01) for four-class density, and significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.77 to 0.96, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.89 to 0.97, p ≤ 0.01) for binary non-dense/dense assessment when aided by DL. The average reader mean reading time per image pair also decreased by 30%, 0.86 s (95% CI: 0.01, 1.71), with six of seven readers having reading time reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a rational strategy to link electroactive organic building blocks (HATN) using dual thioether bond and then in-situ polymerize it onto CNT (designed as PAF-205/CNT). As expected, PAF-205/CNT as the cathode material for ZIBs shows higher initial capacity, stable long cycle stability and excellent rate performance. [Display omitted] • Pyrazine-based porous aromatic frameworks are in-situ grown on carbon nanotube. • Porous aromatic frameworks integrate electroactive blocks using dual thioether bond. • The composite is applied as the cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries. • The storage mechanism is confirmed by the experimental analyses and theory calculation. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered intensive focus as a new generation of environmentally friendly and low-cost energy storage devices. However, the instability of the structure caused by Zn2+ insertion/extraction and slow kinetics limit its further development. Here, we proposed a rational strategy to link electroactive organic building blocks (HATN) using dual thioether bond and then in-situ polymerize it on carbon nanotube (CNT) (PAF-205/CNT). The extensive conjugated system constructed by sulfide chain and the introduction of conductive matrix can improve its conductive properties, thus increasing the utilization rate of active sites. As expected, PAF-205/CNT as the host material for zinc-ion storage shows a high initial capacity of 328.5 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1, a nearly 76.2 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 20 A/g and a rate capacity of 89 mA h g−1 at 20 A/g. Furthermore, experimental analyses and theoretical calculation were performed to reveal the charge storage mechanism. Also, PAF-205/CNT cathode also shows good electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Our study provides a strategy and insight for the rational design of promising organic electroactive materials for advanced metal-ion Batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybrids often produce extensive gametic variation due to poor chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation. To elucidate the influence of interspecific hybridisation on pollen variation in Populus L., we compared pollen size among three P. deltoides Marsh. clones, two P. nigra L. clones, and three P. deltoides × P. nigra hybrids and investigated the cytological mechanism of pollen variation by observing meiotic chromosome behaviour and microtubules. The frequency of shrunken and unstainable pollen grains was higher in the hybrids (15.54-57.28 %) than in the non-hybrid clones (0.98-4.82 %). The distribution of stained pollen size ranged more broadly in the hybrids than in the non-hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation increases pollen size variation. Precocious chromosome migration and lagging chromosomes were common in the hybrids, indicating poor chromosome pairing. Some micronuclei formed minispindles in metaphase II and emanated secondary nuclear-based radial microtubule systems in telophase II, undergoing cytokinesis to develop into microcytes in the meiotic products. Eliminated micronuclei might result in the formation of aneuploid pollen. The frequency of sporads with microcytes was higher in the hybrids (3.19-11.08 %) than in the non-hybrids (0-0.94 %). Disoriented spindles, including fused and tripolar spindles, led to the formation of dyads and triads, contributing to unreduced pollen production. These results provide new insights into the gametic variation of Populus interspecific hybrids and reveal several 2n pollen producers, which will be valuable in polyploid breeding of the section Aigeiros Duby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoid-binding protein7 (RBP7) is a member of the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) family, which is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The study aims to illustrate the prognostic value and the potential regulatory mechanisms of RBP7 expression in breast cancer. Bioinformatics analysis with the TCGA and CPTAC databases revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RBP7 in normal were higher compared to breast cancer tissues. Survival analysis displayed that the lower expression of RBP7, the worse the prognosis in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Genomic analysis showed that low expression of RBP7 correlates with its promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that downregulation of RBP7 expression may exert its biological influence on breast cancer through the PPAR pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we identified RBP7 as a novel biomarker that is helpful for the prognosis of ER+ breast cancer patients. Promoter methylation of RBP7 is involved in its gene silencing in breast cancer, thus regulating the occurrence and development of ER+ breast cancer through the PPAR and PI3K/AKT pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better study the creep deformation characteristics of rock under different stresses, the generalized Burgers model was used as the basic model after analyzing the creep characteristics of rock and its relationship with stress and strain, and its application scope was verified. Based on the damage mechanics theory, a viscoplastic body considering aging damage was established, which was connected with the generalized Burgers model in series. A new nonlinear creep constitutive model was obtained, which was extended to three dimensions. In addition, the relationship between model parameters and damage variables was established by introducing damage variables that considered damage effects. The unsteady creep constitutive model of rock is obtained, and the correctness and rationality of the model are verified by test data. The results show that this model not only accurately reflects the creep characteristics of attenuation and steady creep stage but also overcomes the defect that the generalized Burgers model is difficult to describe the accelerated creep. Considering the deterioration of creep parameters with time, the creep damage process of rock under different stress states can be better described, which provides a new idea for establishing unsteady creep model and determining model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaciers play an important role in understanding the climate, water resources, and surrounding natural change. Baishui River Glacier No. 1, a temperate glacier in the monsoon-influenced Southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, has experienced significant ablation due to regional warming during the past few decades. However, little is known about the yearly changes in Baishui River Glacier No. 1. To investigate how Baishui River Glacier No. 1 has changed in recent years, digital orthophoto maps and digital elevation models were obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle on 20 October 2018 and 22 July 2021, covering 84% and 47% of the total area, respectively. The results of the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 changes were obtained by differencing the digital elevation models, manual tracking, and terminus-retreat calculation methods. Our results showed that the surveyed area had a mean elevation change of −4.26 m during 2018 and 2021, and the lower area lost more ice than other areas. The terminus of Baishui River Glacier No. 1 has retreated by 16.35 m/a on average, exhibiting spatial variation with latitude. Moreover, we initially found that there was a high correlation between surface velocity and elevation gradient in this high-speed glacier. The surface velocity of Baishui River Glacier No. 1 was derived with the manual feature tracking method and ranged from 10.48 to 32.00 m/a, which is slightly smaller than the seasonal average. However, the snow coverage and ice melting of the two epochs led to the underestimation of our elevation change and velocity results, which need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient oil‐water separation shows urgent demand in industrial applications, especially in oil‐spill accidents and organic solvent separation. Herein, a novel method is proposed for continuous oil‐water separation by a pressure response through valve, which is loaded in a flexible convolute superhydrophobic/superoleophilic film based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic LDPE/EPDM TPV film (with contact angles of oil and water are 0° and 161.9°± 2.2°) is prepared only via a molding process where sandpaper is used as the template. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic property of the TPV film shows robust performance in the activity endurance test. More importantly, the flexible LDPE/EPDM TPV film can be easily rolled up and loaded in through valve, which is the pressure response channel in oil‐water separation. The typical separation pressure of oil and water is 3.01 and 6.17 kPa, which means the oil can be completely separated from the oil‐water mixture under proper pressure in the pressure response through valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) is closely related to the growth, development and stress resistance of plants. Combined with the previous study of GABA to promote the cotton against abiotic stresses, the characteristics and expression patterns of GABA branch gene family laid the foundation for further explaining its role in cotton stress mechanism. Members of GAD, GAB-T and SSADH (three gene families of GABA branch) were identified from the Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii genome. The GABA branch genes were 10 GAD genes, 4 GABA-T genes and 2 SSADH genes. The promoter sequences of genes mainly contains response-related elements such as light, hormone and environment.Phylogenetic analysis shows that GAD indicating that even in the same species, the homologous sequences in the family. The GABA-T gene of each cotton genus was in sum the family had gene loss in the process of dicotyledon evolution. SSADH families Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii were closely related to the dicot plants.GABA gene is involved in the regulation of salt stress and high temperature in Gossypium hirsutum.GABA attenuated part of the abiotic stress damage by increasing leaf protective enzyme activity and reducing reactive oxygen species production.This lays the foundation for a thorough analysis of the mechanism of GABA in cotton stress resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we synthesized two hexaazatriphenylene (HATN)-based organic cathode materials (HATNA-6OCH 3 and HATNA-6OH) and tailored them with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolytes to the construction of quasi-solid-state lithium organic batteries (LOBs). Benefitting from the compatible hydroxyl groups, HATNA-6OH shows the enhanced electrochemical properties compared with HATNA-6OCH 3 and its lithium-ion storage mechanism have been elucidated using theoretical calculation and spectral characterizations. [Display omitted] High-performance organic small-molecule electrode materials are troubled with their high solubility in liquid electrolytes. The construction of quasi-solid-state lithium organic batteries (LOBs) using gel polymer electrolytes with high mechanical properties, compromised ionic conductivity, high safety, and eco-friendly is an effective way to inhibit the dissolution of active materials. Herein, two hexaazatriphenylene (HATN)-based organic cathode materials (HATNA-6OCH 3 and HATNA-6OH) are synthesized and then matched with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolytes to construct quasi-solid-state LOBs. Thanks to the enhanced interfacial compatibility between organic cathode material and gel polymer electrolyte, HATNA-6OH with compatible hydroxyl group shows the enhanced electrochemical properties compared with HATNA-6OCH 3. Further, the electrochemical performance is improved when HATNA-6OH is combined with a gel polymer electrolyte modified with a succinonitrile (SN) plasticizer (GPE-0.4SN), including a high specific capacity of 153.3 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a good reversible capacity of 88 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1. In addition, the good electrochemical properties and lithium-ion storage mechanism of HATNA-6OH have been elucidated using density functional theory (DFT) and spectral characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergency response is crucial in preventing and mitigating urban floods. Both remote sensing and social media data offer distinct advantages in large-scale flood monitoring and near-real-time flood monitoring. However, current research lacks a thorough exploration of the application of social media data and remote sensing imagery in the urban flood emergency response. To address this issue, this paper, while extracting disaster information based on social media data, deeply mines the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and dynamic spatial accessibility of rescue points. Furthermore, SAR imagery and social media data for monitoring urban flooding are compared. This study took the Zhengzhou 7.20 urban flood as a case study and created a methodological framework to quickly extract flood disaster information (flood, landslide, and rescue points) using these two types of data; spatiotemporal analysis and random forest classification were also conducted to mine valuable information. Temporally, the study revealed that disaster information did not increase proportionally with the amount of rainfall during the rainfall process. Spatially, specific regions with higher susceptibility to flooding, landslides, and rescue points were identified, such as the central region characterized by low drainage standards and high-density urban areas, as well as the eastern region with low-lying terrain. Moreover, this study examined the spatial accessibility of rescue resources in real flood scenarios and found that their service coverage varied throughout the day during and after the disaster. In addition, social media excelled in high-density urban areas' flood point extraction, while SAR performed better in monitoring floods at the edges of low-density urban areas and large water bodies, allowing them to complement each other, to a certain extent. The findings of this study provide scientific reference value for the optimal selection of rescue paths and the allocation of resources in the emergency response to urban floods caused by extreme rainstorms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton mechanized harvesting is the development direction of cotton production. The rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting in Xinjiang has significantly increased the efficiency of cotton harvesting and reduced the harvesting cost. However, in the rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting, there are also the problems of net yield, recovery rate and poor harvesting quality, which lead to the poor quality competitiveness of mechanized cotton harvesting. In order to solve the problem of mechanized cotton loss, the key is to reduce the problem of cotton miscellaneous, and breed cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting. The purpose of this study was to clarify the key trait correlation of defoliation through the establishment and association analysis of foliation and deciduous phenotype indicators in cotton. In this study, the phenotypic indexes of defoliation and deciduous traits were established through the comprehensive analysis of the defoliation rate of 273 cotton germplasm resources and other 11 related phenotypic traits in the field, in order to provide guidance for the breeding and production of cotton varieties collected by breeders. In addition to peeling rate, an analysis of the association between 11 agronomic parameters and peeling rate and hanging rate revealed that the number of effective branches, chlorophyll SPAD value, fruit branch angle, and hanging rate have substantial correlation in 3 years. Hence The hanging rate, fruit branch angle, effective branch number, and chlorophyll SPAD value can be used as the evaluation indicators of varieties for peeling ability trait index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract For a solid oxide fuel cell, temperature gradient has a great effect on its efficiency and durability. In recent years, several observers are developed to estimate the temperature gradient. However, the temperature gradient control strategies with suitable observers are not seen. Therefore, a compound nonlinear controller based on a high-order sliding mode observer is proposed to control the temperature gradient at desired values to improve the solid oxide fuel cell performance. The high-order sliding mode observer is firstly employed to estimate immeasurable internal temperature. Under the interference of the variations in the initial values of the internal states and measurement noises, the high-order sliding mode observer can estimate the internal temperature distribution with a high precise and a fast convergence. The compound controller which includes a feedback linearization controller and a feedforward controller is then applied to regulate the estimated temperature gradient. During load current changes, the compound controller has the best dynamic performance compared with the feedback linearization controller. However, the observed temperature gradient with the two control strategies can both reach the desired value. Highlights • An observer-based temperature gradient control strategy is proposed. • A high-order sliding mode observer is built to estimate temperature distribution. • A compound controller is designed to control temperature gradient. • Temperature gradient is well controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incurable bacterial infection and intractable multidrug resistance remain critical challenges in public health. A prevalent approach against bacterial infection is phototherapy including photothermal and photodynamic therapy, which is unfortunately limited by low penetration depth of light accompanied with inevitable hyperthermia and phototoxicity damaging healthy tissues. Thus, eco-friendly strategy with biocompatibility and high antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria is urgently desired. Herein, we propose and develop an oxygen-vacancy-rich MoO x in situ on fluorine-free Mo 2 C MXene with unique neural-network-like structure, namely MoO x @Mo 2 C nanonetworks, in which their desirable antibacterial effectiveness originates from bacteria-capturing ability and robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under precise ultrasound (US) irradiation. The high-performance, broad-spectrum microbicidal activity of MoO x @Mo 2 C nanonetworks without damaging normal tissues is validated based on systematic in vitro and in vivo assessments. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis illuminates that the underlying bactericidal mechanism is attributed to the chaotic homeostasis and disruptive peptide metabolisms on bacteria instigated by MoO x @Mo 2 C nanonetworks under US stimulation. Considering antibacterial efficiency and a high degree of biosafety, we envision that the MoO x @Mo 2 C nanonetworks can serve as a distinct antimicrobial nanosystem to fight against diverse pathogenic bacteria, especially eradicating multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced deep tissue infection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromosome rearrangements play an important role in the speciation of plants and animals, and the recognition of chromosome rearrangement patterns is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of species differentiation at the chromosome level. However, the existing chromosome rearrangement recognition methods have some major limitations, such as low quality, barriers to parental selection, and inability to identify specific rearrangement patterns. Based on the whole genome protein sequences, we constructed the combined figure according to the slope of the collinear fragment, the number of homologous genes, the coordinates in the top left and bottom right of the collinear fragment. The standardized combination figure is compared with the four standard pattern figures, and then combined with the information entropy analysis strategy to automatically classify the chromosome images and identify the chromosome rearrangement pattern. This paper proposes an automatic karyotype analysis method EntroCR (intelligent recognition method of chromosome rearrangement based on information entropy), which integrates rearrangement pattern recognition, result recommendation and related chromosome determination, so as to infer the evolution process of ancestral chromosomes to the existing chromosomes. Validation experiments were conducted using whole-genome data of Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, Oryza sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The conclusions were consistent with previous results. EntroCR provides a reference for researchers in species evolution and molecular marker assisted breeding as well as new methods for analyzing karyotype evolution in other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutamate excitotoxicity induces neuronal cell death during epileptic seizures. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) expression is highly increased in the brains of epilepsy patients; however, the underlying mechanisms by which DAPK1 influences neuronal injury and its therapeutic effect on glutamate excitotoxicity have not been determined. We assessed multiple electroencephalograms and seizure grades and performed biochemical and cell death analyses with cellular and animal models. We applied small molecules and peptides and knocked out and mutated genes to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of kainic acid (KA), an analog of glutamate-induced neuronal damage. KA administration increased DAPK1 activity by promoting its phosphorylation by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). DAPK1 activation increased seizure severity and neuronal cell death in mice. Selective ERK antagonist treatment, DAPK1 gene ablation, and uncoupling of DAPK1 and ERK peptides led to potent anti-seizure and anti-apoptotic effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a DAPK1 phosphorylation-deficient mutant alleviated glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis. These results provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of epilepsy and indicate that targeting DAPK1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cemented carbide possesses excellent characteristics such as high strength and hardness, but its poor machinability has restricted its widespread application. Laser ultrasonically assisted turning (LUAT) can enhance the machinability of workpieces and is widely used in precision machining of difficult-to-machine materials. In this paper, LUAT is applied to the cutting of cemented carbide, and the characteristics of cutting force in the machining process are studied. A theoretical model of cutting force is established by analyzing the interaction between the cutting tool, chip and workpiece during the turning process. The maximum error was found to be 18.6% by comparing with the experimental data, which better predicted the changing trend of cutting force and verified the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, experiments on LUAT of cemented carbide are carried out using the Taguchi method. The influence of cutting tools and processing parameters on cutting force is analyzed, revealing that the amplitude has the most significant impact on cutting force. The optimal combination of processing parameters is also obtained. Finally, a comparison is made between different turning methods. Compared to conventional turning, laser assisted turning, and ultrasonically assisted turning, the total cutting force in LUAT is reduced by 53.44%, 45.62%, and 21.64%, respectively, resulting in improved surface quality of the workpiece. • Cemented carbide was processed by laser ultrasonically assisted turning. • The cutting force model is established to predict the cutting force accurately. • Amplitude is the most significant factor affecting cutting force as it influences the tool-workpiece contact ratio. • Laser ultrasonically assisted turning of cemented carbide drastically reduces the cutting force, improves the surface quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is important to effectively prevent carcinogenesis. Capsule endoscopy (CE) can address the pain caused by wired endoscopy in GI diagnosis. However, existing CE approaches have difficulty effectively diagnosing lesions that do not exhibit obvious morphological changes. In addition, the current CE cannot achieve wireless energy supply and attitude control at the same time. Here, we successfully developed a novel near-infrared fluorescence capsule endoscopy (NIFCE) that can stimulate and capture near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence images to specifically identify subtle mucosal microlesions and submucosal lesions while capturing conventional white light (WL) images to detect lesions with significant morphological changes. Furthermore, we constructed the first synergetic system that simultaneously enables multi-attitude control in NIFCE and supplies long-term power, thus addressing the issue of excessive power consumption caused by the NIFCE emitting near-infrared light (NIRL). We performed in vivo experiments to verify that the NIFCE can specifically "light up" tumors while sparing normal tissues by synergizing with probes actively aggregated in tumors, thus realizing specific detection and penetration. The prototype NIFCE system represents a significant step forward in the field of CE and shows great potential in efficiently achieving early targeted diagnosis of various GI diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant diversity plays an important role in maintaining and upgrading ecosystem structure and functions, and there remain uncertainties on plant species and especially phylogenetic diversity to grazing in alpine grasslands. Therefore, this study compared the differences of plant species and phylogenetic α- and β-diversity between grazing and fencing conditions at three alpine grasslands (ASMWG: alpine steppe meadow for winter grazing; ASMSG: alpine steppe meadow for summer grazing; AMSG: alpine meadow for summer grazing), Northern Tibet. At the ASMSG site, grazing significantly decreased mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) by 19.33%, and increased Pielou by 7.06%. Plant community compositions between fencing and grazing conditions were different (p = 0.021) at the ASMSG site. However, the Pielou, MNTD and plant community composition were not significantly different between the fencing and grazing conditions at the ASMWG and AMSG site. Grazing significantly increased the niche overlap at the ASMWG (levins: 51.36%, schooner: 28.97%, pianka: 28.11%, Czech: 28.97%; morisita: 28.75%) and ASMSG site (schooner: 35.19%, petraitis: 4.63%, pianka: 26.45%, czech: 35.19%; morisita: 30.86%), indicating that grazing may increase plant species competition and competitive exclusion at the ASMWG and ASMSG site. In contrast, grazing did not significantly affect niche overlap at the AMSG site. Therefore, the response of plant diversity to grazing can be different between species and phylogenetic diversity, and among alpine grasslands. [Display omitted] • A grazing experiment was performed in three alpine grassland sites. • Plant species and phylogenetic diversity had different responses to grazing. • Plant diversity responded differently to grazing among alpine grassland sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The use of coal tar pitch (CTP) as "natural Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)". • CQDs/TiO 2 composites were prepared by a simple and energy-efficient impregnation method at room temperature. • TiO 2 and CQDs can be successfully coupled together by forming Ti‒O‒C bonds. • Compared with pure TiO 2 , CQDs/TiO 2 composites exhibit remarkably improved photocatalytic activity. [Display omitted] Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have demonstrated tremendous potential in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of TiO 2 ; however, the fabrication of CQDs/TiO 2 composite photocatalysts typically involves harsh reagents/conditions, cumbersome purification procedures and external energy supplies. In this work, we present a facile and energy-efficient impregnation method for the preparation of effective CQDs/TiO 2 composite photocatalysts at room temperature employing coal tar pitch (CTP) as "natural CQDs". The characterization results indicate that TiO 2 and CQDs can be successfully coupled together by forming Ti‒O‒C bonds. The fabricated CQDs/TiO 2 composites show remarkably improved photodegradation performances of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation, which are far higher than pure TiO 2. At the optimum CQDs content (6 wt%), the degradation rate constant is 43.7-fold higher than that of pure TiO 2. The marked ameliorated photocatalytic performance is attributed to the fact that the successful coupling between TiO 2 and CQDs can ameliorate the absorption ability of visible light, accelerate the separation/transfer of charge carriers and restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole (e−–h+) pairs. This research provides a facile method for large-scale preparation of CQDs modified semiconductor photocatalysts that can potentially be used in environmental and energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyropia is an economically advantageous genus of red macroalgae, which has been cultivated in the coastal areas of East Asia for over 300 years. Realizing estimation of macroalgae biomass in a high-throughput way would great benefit their cultivation management and research on breeding and phenomics. However, the conventional method is labour-intensive, time-consuming, manually destructive, and prone to human error. Nowadays, high-throughput phenotyping using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based spectral imaging is widely used for terrestrial crops, grassland, and forest, but no such application in marine aquaculture has been reported. Results: In this study, multispectral images of cultivated Pyropia yezoensis were taken using a UAV system in the north of Haizhou Bay in the midwestern coast of Yellow Sea. The exposure period of P. yezoensis was utilized to prevent the significant shielding effect of seawater on the reflectance spectrum. The vegetation indices of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), difference vegetation index (DVI) and normalized difference of red edge (NDRE) were derived and indicated no significant difference between the time that P. yezoensis was completely exposed to the air and 1 h later. The regression models of the vegetation indices and P. yezoensis biomass per unit area were established and validated. The quadratic model of DVI (Biomass = − 5.550DVI2 + 105.410DVI + 7.530) showed more accuracy than the other index or indices combination, with the highest coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative estimated accuracy (Ac) values of 0.925, 8.06, and 74.93%, respectively. The regression model was further validated by consistently predicting the biomass with a high R2 value of 0.918, RMSE of 8.80, and Ac of 82.25%. Conclusions: This study suggests that the biomass of Pyropia can be effectively estimated using UAV-based spectral imaging with high accuracy and consistency. It also implied that multispectral aerial imaging is potential to assist digital management and phenomics research on cultivated macroalgae in a high-throughput way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten carbide, known for its high hardness and brittleness, presents a challenge in traditional processes due to severe tool wear and shortened tool life, impacting machining efficiency. This paper introduces a hybrid turning method – laser ultrasonically assisted turning (LUAT) – for precision and efficient machining of tungsten carbide. LUAT combines tool ultrasonic vibration with laser-induced workpiece heating to enhance the cutting performance of tungsten carbide. Thermal modeling is utilized to determine suitable LUAT parameters. Comparative experiments are conducted to assess the advantages of LUAT in enhancing tool performance and improving surface quality. Results indicate that, compared to traditional turning, ultrasonically assisted turning, and laser assisted turning, LUAT significantly reduces tool wear and enhances tool lifespan. In LUAT of tungsten carbide, the tool wear on the rake face exhibits long strips parallel to the tool edge, while the flank face presents triangular wear land, shallow pits, and grooves. Investigation into wear characteristics and mechanisms of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools reveals that adhesion, oxidation, and diffusion are major wear factors, with chipping and tipping being abnormal wear patterns for CBN tools. Intensified tool wear elevates cutting forces and cutting temperatures, deteriorating the surface quality of tungsten carbide turning. However, LUAT mitigates these effects, resulting in lower cutting forces and temperatures within the same wear time, improving surface quality. • CBN tool wear on the rake face was characterized by long strips, and the triangular wear land is formed on the flank face. • Tool wear mechanisms of CBN tool mainly include the adhesion, oxidation, diffusion, tipping and chipping. • With CBN tool wear increases, the cutting force and temperature increase, and the surface quality decreases. • Laser ultrasonically assisted turning of tungsten carbides drastically reduces cutting force, temperature and tool wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells, degradation is considered one of the biggest technical problems, which may lead to a decrease in the discharge performance of the fuel cell. This paper proposes a prognostic-based control strategy to restore the discharge performance during the degradation process, thereby extending the life of the fuel cell. A prognostic approach based on wavelet decomposition and an echo state network is utilized to predict the downward trend in the discharge performance, and then iterative learning controllers are designed to restore the discharge performance. Taking nickel coarsening and oxidation degradation mechanisms as an example, several controllers with different discharge performance recovery capabilities are built. The simulation results show that compared with no controller, the power generation efficiency using the proposed strategy is reduced by 12.4% at most, while the remaining useful lifetime is increased by at least 26.3%. The proposed strategy can restore the discharge performance without significant reduction in the generation efficiency. The proposed method is not only suitable for nickel coarsening and oxidation degradation, but also can be generalized to different types of degradation and different types of fuel cells. Image 1 • For large fluctuations in the original data, the prognostic results are better. • Several controllers with different recovery capacities are designed. • Discharge performance can be recovered without significant reduction in efficiency. • The proposed strategy can be generalized to different types of degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the influence of fused zirconia-alumina (FZA) on the fracture behavior and thermal shock resistance (TSR) of alumina-spinel castables, and discover the relationship between toughness parameters and TSR. Alumina-spinel castables with different FZA contents (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt.%) were prepared using tabular alumina, fused spinel, calcium aluminate cement, ultrafine alumina powder, and FZA as raw materials. The fracture behavior and TSR of alumina-spinel castables were determined by a wedge splitting test (WST) and a water quenching test, respectively. The results show that the flexibility of alumina-spinel castables can be significantly enhanced by introducing FZA. With increasing FZA content, the load-displacement curves change from typical brittle fracture behavior to non-linear fracture behavior. The flexibility parameter (ratio of G F /σ NT) of the castables increases from 8.3 μm to 13.6 μm when FZA content increases from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%. The flexibility improvement of castables containing FZA can be attributed to the formation of microcracks caused by the transformation of ZrO 2. The TSR of alumina-spinel castables can also be significantly improved by adding FZA. The ratio of residual cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of the castables increases from 12.3% to 34.2% when FZA content increases from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%. The improvement in TSR can be attributed to a decrease in the stored elastic energy and a subsequent increase in the specific fracture energy of the castables. Generally, alumina-spinel castables with non-linear fracture behavior have good thermal shock resistance. There is a significant correlation between the flexibility parameter (G F /σ NT ratio) and the ratio of residual CMOR; the correlation coefficient is 0.96. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The decrease of carbon storage is mainly affected by construction land. • In 2030 and 2050, carbon reserves in Henan Province will continue to decrease. • Clarify the scenario of effectively maintaining carbon storage. • Some policy recommendations for carbon management in Henan Province are proposed. The carbon storage service of terrestrial ecosystems has an veritable impact on the global carbon cycle and, in turn, on global climate change. Hence, both assessing and predicting the impact of land use changes on carbon storage are necessary to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. Therefore, using integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model with remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the land use/cover change (LUCC) and the carbon storage response characteristics of land types in Henan Province, China in the 1990–2020 period. The study also uses patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model to predict the LUCC and carbon storage in Henan Province from 2023 to 2050 under different scenarios, including Business as Usual (BAU), Ecological Conservation (EC), and Urban Development (UD) scenarios. The following results are noted: (1) The LUCC mainly comprises the conversion of farmland to construction land. Presently, Henan Province's carbon storage is found to have decreased by 339.72 Tg due to LUCC, which is characterized as "high in the west and low in the east." (2) Regarding the three aforementioned scenarios, the province's construction land is predicted to increase to its greatest extent under the UD scenario. Under the EC scenario, its woodland and farmland areas will be effectively protected. Therefore, the highest level of carbon reserves will likely be found in the EC scenario, followed by that in the BAU scenario, while the lowest level of carbon reserves should be seen in the UD scenario. The carbon reserves of Henan Province in 2050 will be 312.07 Tg, 233.43 Tg, and 394.49 Tg lower than that in 2020 under the BAU, EC, and UD scenarios, respectively. In sum, this study provides the scientific basis of the decisions aimed at the facilitation of low-carbon development, the optimal utilization of land spaces, and the development of an ecological civilization in Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S100A7 is expressed in many squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Our previous study revealed that S100A7 was dramatically induced in several SCC cells and activation of the Hippo pathway significantly promoted S100A7 in epidermoid carcinoma cells. However, whether the Hippo pathway regulates S100A7 expression in SCCs remains largely unknown. Here, we uncover that S100A7 induction by the Hippo-YAP pathway displays different characteristic in cervical and glossopharyngeal SCC. In well differentiated HCC94 cervical cells and FaDu pharyngeal cells, S100A7 is easily induced by both suspension and dense culture, which is accompanied by an increase in YAP phosphorylation and a decrease in nuclear YAP. Strikingly, these correlations of S100A7 and YAP reverse after recovery of cell attachment or relief from dense culture. Further examination finds that S100A7 induction is significantly repressed by nuclear YAP, which is validated by activation or inhibition of the Hippo pathway via loss- and/or gain-of- LATS1 and MST1 function. Subsequently, we prove that TEAD1 is required for YAP transcriptional repression of S100A7. However, S100A7 is hardly induced in poorly differentiated SiHa cervical cells and NCI-H226 pulmonary cells even in suspension or activation of the Hippo pathway. More importantly, cervical and lingual SCC tissues array analyses show that S100A7 expression displays the positive correlation with pYAP-S127 and the negative correlation with nuclear YAP in the majority of well differentiated but not in poorly differentiated tissues. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the different induction of S100A7 toward activation of the Hippo pathway mainly depends on the degree of cell differentiation in cervical and glossopharyngeal SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S100A7 is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and is related to the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. However, its characteristic and function in SCC is not very known. In this present study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of S100A7 in 452 SCC specimens, including the lung, esophagus, oral cavity, skin, cervix, bladder, and three SCC cell lines. We found that S100A7-positive staining showed significant heterogeneity in six types of SCC specimen and three SCC cell lines. Further examination found that S100A7-positive cells and its expression at mRNA and protein levels could be induced in HCC94, FaDu, and A-431 cells both in vitro and in vivo using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Notably, the upregulation of squamous differentiation markers, including keratin-4, keratin-13, TG-1, and involucrin, also accompanied S100A7 induction, and a similar staining pattern of S100A7 and keratin-13 was found in HCC94 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further study revealed that the overexpression of S100A7 significantly increased proliferation and inhibited squamous differentiation in A-431 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, silencing S100A7 inhibited cell growth and survival and increased the expression of keratin-4, keratin-13, TG-1, and involucrin in HCC94 cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate that S100A7 displays heterogeneous and inducible characteristic in SCC and also provide novel evidence that S100A7 acts as a dual regulator in promoting proliferation and suppressing squamous differentiation of SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo is a potentially renewable biomass resource which can be converted into bio-fuels and bio-chemicals by thermochemical conversion technology. Torrefaction deoxygenation pretreatment can effectively upgrade bamboo into high-grade fuels with a lower content of water and higher energy density. Therefore, it is essential to establish the deoxygenation mechanism and oxygen migration characteristics during the bamboo torrefaction process, based on the properties of torrefied solid, gaseous, and liquid products. In this study, these three types of torrefied product (solid, gaseous, and liquid) were produced at different torrefaction temperatures (210, 240, 270 and 300 °C) by the tube furnace, TGA−FTIR, and Py−GC/MS. Results showed that following a series of deoxygenation reactions, the oxygen removal efficiency of bamboo reached a maximum of 28.52% at 300 °C, resulting in the highest HHV of 23.12 MJ kg−1. Oxygen in the torrefied solid product was released in the form of torrefied gaseous components (CO 2 , H 2 O and CO) and torrefied liquid oxygen-containing compounds (E.g. acids, phenols, furans and ketones). CO 2 was the dominant oxygen carrier in the torrefied gaseous product, with oxygen distribution in the torrefied gaseous components ranked in the order: CO 2 (82.1–86.6%) > CO (10.9–13.9%) > H 2 O (2.4–4.1%). In the torrefied liquid product, oxygen transferred to acids, furans, ketones and aldehydes was favored under lower torrefaction temperatures, while more oxygen was transferred to phenols under higher torrefaction temperatures. Image 1 • Deoxygenation mechanism of biomass torrefaction was analyzed based on the torrefied gaseous and liquid product. • CO 2 was the dominant oxygen removal carrier in gaseous product. • Oxygen favored transfer into acids, furans, ketones and aldehydes in liquid product at lower temperatures. • More oxygen was transferred into phenols in liquid product at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]