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Materials with in-plane electrical anisotropy have great potential for designing artificial synaptic devices. However, natural materials with strong intrinsic in-plane electrical anisotropy are rare. We introduce a simple strategy to produce extremely large electrical anisotropy via grating gating of a semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of AlGaN/GaN. We show that periodically modulated electric potential in the 2DEG induces in-plane electrical anisotropy, which is significantly enhanced in a magnetic field, leading to an ultra large electrical anisotropy. This is induced by a giant positive magnetoresistance and a giant negative magnetoresistance under two orthogonally oriented in-plane current flows, respectively. This giant electrical anisotropy is in-situ tunable by tailoring both the grating gate voltage and the magnetic field. Our semiconductor device with controllable giant electrical anisotropy will stimulate new device applications, such as multi-terminal memtransistors and bionic synapses.

Momentum correlation functions between $\pi$, $K$ and $p$ are calculated for several heavy-ion collision systems, namely $_{5}^{10}\textrm{B}+_{5}^{10}\textrm{B}$, $_{8}^{16}\textrm{O}+_{8}^{16}\textrm{O}$, $_{20}^{40}\textrm{Ca}+_{20}^{40}\textrm{Ca}$ and $_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}+_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}$ in central collisions as well as $_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}+_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}$ collision in different centralities at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 GeV within the framework of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model complemented by the Lednick$\acute{y}$ and Lyuboshitz analytical method. The results present the centrality and system-size dependence of the momentum correlation functions among pairs of $\pi$, $K$ and $p$, from which the emission source-size can be deduced. It is found that the deduced source sizes increase with the decreasing of centrality for Au + Au system or with the increasing of system-size in central collisions with different nuclear size. In addition, through the momentum correlation functions of nonidentical particle pairs gated on velocity, the average emission sequence of non-identical particles can be indicated. The results illustrate that in the small relative momentum region, protons are emitted in average earlier than $\pi^+$ and $K^+$, and $K^+$ are emitted averagely earlier than $\pi^+$. Furthermore, it seems that larger interval of the average emission order among them is exhibited for smaller collision systems. The present study sheds light on the dynamics of light particle emission at RHIC energy., Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures; Physical Review C, accepted. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2301.02846

Two-nucleon momentum correlation functions are investigated for different single thermal sources at given initial temperature $(T)$ and density $(\rho)$. To this end, the space-time evolutions of various single excited nuclei at $T$ $= 1 - 20$ $MeV$ and $\rho$ = 0.2 - 1.2 $\rho_0$ are simulated by using the thermal isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics $(ThIQMD)$ model. Momentum correlation functions of identical proton-pairs ($C_{pp}(q)$) or neutron-pairs ($C_{nn}(q)$) at small relative momenta are calculated by $Lednick\acute{y}$ and $Lyuboshitz$ analytical method. The results illustrate that $C_{pp}(q)$ and $C_{nn}(q)$ are sensitive to the source size ($A$) at lower $T$ or higher $\rho$, but almost not at higher $T$ or lower $\rho$. And the sensitivities become stronger for smaller source. Moreover, the $T$, $\rho$ and $A$ dependencies of the Gaussian source radii are also extracted by fitting the two-proton momentum correlation functions, and the results are consistent with the above conclusions., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures

Momentum correlation functions of light (anti)nuclei formed by the coalescence mechanism of (anti)nucleons are calculated for several central heavy-ion collision systems, namely $_{5}^{10}\textrm{B}+_{5}^{10}\textrm{B}$, $_{8}^{16}\textrm{O}+_{8}^{16}\textrm{O}$, $_{20}^{40}\textrm{Ca}+_{20}^{40}\textrm{Ca}$ as well as $_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}+_{79}^{197}\textrm{Au}$ in different centralities at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 GeV within the framework of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model complemented by the Lednick$\acute{y}$ and Lyuboshitz analytical method. Momentum correlation functions for identical or nonidentical light (anti)nuclei are constructed and analyzed for the above collision systems. The Au + Au results demonstrate that emission of light (anti)nuclei occurs from a source with smaller space extent in more peripheral collisions. The effect of system-size on the momentum correlation functions of identical or nonidentical light (anti)nuclei is also explored by several collision system in central collisions. The results indicate that the emission source-size of light (anti)nuclei pairs deduced from their momentum correlation functions and system-size is self-consistent. Momentum correlation functions of nonidentical light nuclei pairs gated on velocity are applied to infer the average emission sequence of them. The results illustrate that protons are emitted in average on a similar time scale with neutrons but earlier than deuterons or tritons in the small relative momentum region. In addition, larger interval of the average emission order among them is exhibited for smaller collision systems or at more peripheral collisions., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures; Phys. Rev. C, accepted

Magnonics, which employs spin-waves to transmit and process information, is a promising venue for low-power data processing. One of the major challenges is the local control of the spin-wave propagation path. Here, we introduce the concept of writable magnonics by taking advantage of the highly flexible reconfigurability and rewritability of artificial spin ice systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that globally switchable spin-wave propagation and the locally writable spin-wave nanochannels can be realized in a ferromagnetic thin film underlying an artificial pinwheel spin ice. The rewritable magnonics enabled by reconfigurable spin wave nanochannels provides a unique setting to design programmable magnonic circuits and logic devices for ultra-low power applications., Comment: To appear in Applied Physics Letters

A notable phenomenon in topological semimetals is the violation of Kohler$^,$s rule, which dictates that the magnetoresistance $MR$ obeys a scaling behavior of $MR = f(H/\rho_0$), where $MR = [\rho_H-\rho_0]/\rho_0$ and $H$ is the magnetic field, with $\rho_H$ and $\rho_0$ being the resistivity at $H$ and zero field, respectively. Here we report a violation originating from thermally-induced change in the carrier density. We find that the magnetoresistance of the Weyl semimetal, TaP, follows an extended Kohler$^,$s rule $MR = f[H/(n_T\rho_0)]$, with $n_T$ describing the temperature dependence of the carrier density. We show that $n_T$ is associated with the Fermi level and the dispersion relation of the semimetal, providing a new way to reveal information on the electronic bandstructure. We offer a fundamental understanding of the violation and validity of Kohler$^,$s rule in terms of different temperature-responses of $n_T$. We apply our extended Kohler$^,$s rule to BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ to settle a long-standing debate on the scaling behavior of the normal-state magnetoresistance of a superconductor, namely, $MR$ ~ $tan^2\theta_H$, where $\theta_H$ is the Hall angle. We further validate the extended Kohler$^,$s rule and demonstrate its generality in a semiconductor, InSb, where the temperature-dependent carrier density can be reliably determined both theoretically and experimentally.

Nanoscale single-domain bar magnets are building blocks for a variety of fundamental and applied mesoscopic magnetic systems, such as artificial spin ices, magnetic shape-morphing microbots as well as magnetic majority logic gates. The magnetization reversal switching field of the bar nanomagnets is a crucial parameter that determines the physical properties and functionalities of their constituted artificial systems. Previous methods on tuning the magnetization reversal switching field of a bar nanomagnet usually rely on modifying its aspect ratio, such as its length, width and/or thickness. Here, we show that the switching field of a bar nanomagnet saturates when extending its length beyond a certain value, preventing further tailoring of the magnetization reversal via aspect ratios. We showcase highly tunable switching field of a bar nanomagent by tailoring its end geometry without altering its size. This provides an easy method to control the magnetization reversal of a single-domain bar nanomagnet. It would enable new research and/or applications, such as designing artificial spin ices with additional tuning parameters, engineering magnetic microbots with more flexibility as well as developing magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata systems for low power computing., Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures

Momentum correlation functions at small relative momenta are calculated for light particles $\left(n, p, d, t\right)$ emitted from $^{197}$Au + $^{197}$Au collisions at different impact parameters and beam energies within the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model complemented by the $Lednick\acute{y}$ and $Lyuboshitz$ analytical method. We first make sure our model is able to reproduce the FOPI data of proton-proton momentum correlation in a wide energy range from 0.4$A$ GeV to 1.5$A$ GeV. Then we explore more physics insights through the emission times and momentum correlations among different light particles. The specific emphasize is the effects of total pair momentum among different light particles, impact parameters and in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section. Both two-deuteron and two-triton correlation functions are anti-correlation due to the final state interaction, and they are affected by in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section for the higher total momentum of the particle pairs, but not for the lower ones. In addition, impact parameter and in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section dependences of the emission source radii are extracted by fitting the momentum correlation functions. The results indicate that momentum correlation functions gating with total pair momentum is stronger for the smaller in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section factor $\left(\eta\right)$ or impact parameter $\left(b\right)$. Non-identical particle correlations ($np, pd, pt, $ and $dt$) are also investigated by the velocity-gated correlation functions which can give information of the particles' emission sequence, and the result indicates that heavier ones $\left(deuteron/triton\right)$ are, one the average, emitted earlier than protons, in the small relative momentum region., Comment: 8 figures, 2 tables, 11 pages

GRS 1915+105 has been active for more than 26 years since it was discovered in 1992. There are hundreds of RXTE pointed observations on this source, and the quasi-regular flares with a slow rise and a sharp decrease (i.e. the "heartbeat" state) were recorded in more than 200 observations. The connections among the disk/corona, jet, and the disk wind at the heartbeat state have been extensively studied. In this work, we firstly perform a statistical analysis of the light curves and the X-ray spectra to investigate this peculiar state. We calculate the parameters for heartbeat cycles, including the recurrence time, the maximum and the minimum count rate, the flare amplitude, and the cumulative radiation for each cycle. The recurrence time has a bimodal distribution ranging from $\sim 20$ to $\sim 200$ s. The minimum count rate increases with increasing recurrence time; while the maximum count rate remains nearly constant around 2 Crab. Fitting the averaged spectrum for each observation, we find the strong correlations among the recurrence time, the apparent inner radius of the accretion disk (or the color correction factor), and the (nonthermal) X-ray luminosity. We suggest that the true inner edge of the accretion disk might always extend to the marginally stable orbit, while the change in corona size should result in the observed correlations., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figurs, 1 tables, published in ApJ

With quark-antiquark annihilation and creation in the first Born approximation, we study the reactions: $K \bar {K} \to K \bar {K}^\ast, ~K \bar{K} \to K^* \bar{K}, ~\pi K \to \pi K^\ast, ~\pi K \to \rho K, ~\pi \pi \to K \bar{K}^\ast, ~\pi \pi \to K^\ast \bar{K}, ~\pi \pi \to K^\ast \bar{K}^\ast, ~\pi \rho \to K \bar{K}, ~\pi \rho \to K^\ast \bar{K}^\ast, ~\rho \rho \to K^\ast \bar{K}^\ast, ~K \bar{K}^\ast \to \rho \rho$, and $K^* \bar{K} \to \rho \rho$. Unpolarized cross sections for the reactions are obtained from transition amplitudes that are composed of mesonic quark-antiquark relative-motion wave functions and the transition potential for quark-antiquark annihilation and creation. From a quark-antiquark potential that is equivalent to the transition potential, we prove that the total spin of the two final mesons may not equal the total spin of the two initial mesons. Based on flavor matrix elements, cross sections for some isospin channels of reactions can be obtained from the other isospin channels of reactions. Remarkable temperature dependence of the cross sections is found., Comment: more discussions added, figures 1 and 2 modified

The proton-proton momentum correlation function from different rapidity regions are systematically investigated for the Au + Au collisions at different impact parameters and different energies from 400$A$ MeV to 1500$A$ MeV in the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model complemented by the $Lednick\acute{y}$ and $Lyuboshitz$ analytical method. In particular, in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section dependence of the correlation function is brought into focus, while the impact parameter and energy dependence of the momentum correlation function are also explored. The sizes of the emission source are extracted by fitting the momentum correlation functions using the Gaussian source method. We find that the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section obviously influence the proton-proton momentum correlation function which is from the whole rapidity or projectile/target rapidity region at smaller impact parameters, but there is no effect on the mid-rapidity proton-proton momentum correlation function, which indicates that the emission mechanism differs between projectile/target rapidity and mid-rapidity protons., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures

It is observed that a constant unit vector denoted by $\mathbf I$ is needed to characterize a complete orthonormal set of vector diffraction-free beams. The previously found diffraction-free beams are shown to be included as special cases. The $\mathbf I$-dependence of the longitudinal component of diffraction-free beams is also discussed., Comment: 8 pages and 2 figures