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ObjectiveTo investigate the entrance surface dose （ESD） of digital radiography （DR）adult examinees in a grade A tertiary hospital in Shanghai， to analyze the dose level of the DR adult examinees， and to provide data for the development of DR typical dose reference.MethodsA DR equipment in the hospital was selected and the irradiation parameters and dose were determined in two randomly selected age groups （15‒39 years and 40‒69 years） of DR adult examinees. The examinations included chest PA， chest LAT， abdominal AP， pelvic AP， lumbar AP， lumbar LAT， thoracic AP， and thoracic LAT. The number of examinees in each exposure position was 20. ESD and effective dose were calculated for each age group and each position.ResultsA total of 320 examinees were investigated. The 75th percentiles of ESD in different exposure positions were as follows： chest PA 0.19 mGy；chest LAT 0.96 mGy；abdominal AP 3.63 mGy；pelvic AP 3.16 mGy；lumbar AP 9.27 mGy；lumbar LAT 18.29 mGy；thoracic AP 6.85 mGy；and thoracic LAT 13.40 mGy.ConclusionsThe differences between the estimated ESD and effective dose were large in different exposure positions、in the same exposure positions、and in the same positions with different exposure types， and there were statistically significant differences in ESD of examinees with different exposure positions. The estimated typical values of different exposure positions were apparently lower than the diagnostic reference level.

As one of the major sources of protein in the human diet, chicken is characterized by high protein and low fat. Fresh chicken is susceptible to spoilage by microorganisms and enzymes during storage. Freezing is an effective way to extend the storage period of chicken, but ice crystals formed during the freezing process can negatively impact the chemical quality attributes of chicken, thereby affecting its eating quality. This article reviews traditional, modern, and emerging chicken freezing techniques, and elucidates the effects of freezing rate, freezing method, freezing temperature, freezing time, and freeze-thaw cycle on the quality of frozen chicken, with a focus on the changes in the eating quality (color, water-holding capacity, tenderness, and flavor) and chemical quality attributes (moisture, proteins, lipids, and pH) of chicken during freezing and frozen storage. It is our hope that this review will provide a theoretical reference for improving the key quality attributes of frozen chicken and extending its storage period.

This paper examines the impact of high-standard basic farmland construction on farmers’ income in China using panel data at the provincial level from 2006 to 2021. The study aims to provide insights into the relationship between high-standard basic farmland construction and farmers’ income by employing a difference-in-differences model. The research background of this study is rooted in the importance of agricultural development and rural income improvement in China. As the agricultural sector plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and rural stability, it is essential to explore the effects of high-standard basic farmland construction on farmers’ income. The primary objective of this research is to estimate the impact of high-standard basic farmland construction on farmers’ income and to identify any heterogeneity in this relationship across different regions and income levels. By analyzing the baseline regression results, the study finds a significant positive effect of high-standard basic farmland construction on farmers’ income. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship, the study conducts further analysis on the impact pathways. The findings suggest that high-standard basic farmland construction enhances farmers’ income through improvements in agricultural production conditions, land transfer levels, and the cultivation of new agricultural management entities. Furthermore, the study explores the role of high-standard basic farmland construction in grain-producing and non-grain-producing regions. In grain-producing regions, high-standard basic farmland construction primarily increases farmers’ income from family-operated businesses. Conversely, in non-grain-producing regions, it predominantly boosts farmers’ income from wages and property. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the impact of high-standard basic farmland construction on farmers’ income in China. The findings highlight the importance of promoting high-standard basic farmland construction for rural income improvement, with implications for agricultural policies and rural development strategies.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects and experimental conditions of membrane adsorption method， membrane adsorption-PEG method and membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration method on virus enrichment in purified water.MethodsMS2 bacteriophage was used as target virus to prepare water samples with high and low concentrations， and the standard curve of reverse transcription-fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was established for quantitative detection. Water samples were enriched by membrane adsorption method， membrane adsorption-PEG method and membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration method. The recoveries of different filtration membranes， different ultrafiltration tubes and two nucleic acid extraction methods were compared.ResultsThe average recoveries of membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration method， membrane adsorption-PEG method and membrane adsorption method were 19.80% ± 12.19%， 12.71% ± 9.09% and 9.05% ± 4.89%. The order of influencing factors on the recoveries was： membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration method > membrane adsorption-PEG method > membrane adsorption method. High concentration > low concentration. The effect of virus enrichment of mixed cellulose ester membrane was better than nylon membrane. There was no difference in the enrichment effect of ultrafiltration tube at 100 and 50 K， and the nucleic acid extraction effect of silica gel centrifugation column method and magnetic bead method.ConclusionThe enrichment efficiency can be improved by secondary enrichment. Membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration method is simple to operate， short time consuming， low dependence on equipment， and easy to be popularized. The experimental conditions of membrane adsorption-ultrafiltration can be optimized and improved to expand the application of different water bodies and different virus enrichment.

Detection and manipulation of spin current lie in the core of spintronics. Here we report an active control of a net spin Hall angle, θSHE(net), in Pt at an interface with a ferroelectric material PZT (PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3), using its ferroelectric polarization. The spin Hall angle in the ultra-thin Pt layer is measured using the inverse spin Hall effect with a pulsed tunneling current from a ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 electrode. The effect of the ferroelectric polarization on θSHE(net) is enhanced when the thickness of the Pt layer is reduced. When the Pt layer is thinner than 6 nm, switching the ferroelectric polarization even changes the sign of θSHE(net). This is attributed to the reversed polarity of the spin Hall angle in the 1st-layer Pt at the PZT/Pt interface when the ferroelectric polarization is inverted, as supported by the first-principles calculations. These findings suggest a route for designing future energy efficient spin-orbitronic devices using ferroelectric control.

Deep sea water (DSW) is a globally utilized source of renewable energy and other resources. To understand the characteristics of DSW resources in the South China Sea, in July 2022, the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GMGS) investigated temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), inorganic salts (DIN, PO43−-P, and SiO3-Si), heavy metals (Hg, Pb, As, and Cd), trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, and Mo), and other related indicators. The results of this investigation elucidate the horizontal and vertical changes in the physical and chemical properties of deep sea water in the Xisha Sea. The surface seawater quality in Xisha was found to be excellent and to meet first-class seawater survey standards. However, the concentrations of various nutrient salts in the surface layer were relatively low. As the seawater depth increased, different trace elements and heavy metals exhibited variations, and the concentrations of various nutrients also gradually increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) is crucial for tree growth and development, and it significantly influences the rhizosphere microbial community. However, the effects of phosphorus addition on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa remain understudied. In this study, two-year-old "Yuji" Idesia polycarpa seedlings were used to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilization at four different levels of 0 g (control, CK), 0.92 g (low phosphorus, LP), 1.83 g (medium phosphorus, MP), and 2.75 g (high phosphorus, HP) per plant. The fertilizers were applied every 40 days over 120 days. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes was employed to analyze the microbial community composition and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil under different phosphorus levels. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the application of phosphorus fertilizer changed the physicochemical properties of the soil. The LP treatment significantly increased the soil pH, while the HP treatment group exhibited the highest soil-available phosphorus (AP) content. LP treatment significantly increased the number of microbial OTUs in the early and rapid growth stages and the richness and diversity of microbial communities. In addition, the bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH and AP, while the fungal community had no significant effect. The primary metabolic pathway function of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is mainly metabolism, while fungi are mainly biosynthesis. Compared with CK treatment, 20 differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the bacterial community. Only two differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the fungal community by LP treatment at 120 days. In summary, applying low-level phosphate fertilizer is conducive to promoting the diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Therefore, potted planting of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is more suitable for applying low phosphorus levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male Idesia polycarpa, which display distinct morphological and physiological traits, exhibit greater adaptability to stressful environments than females. However, the connection between this adaptability and rhizosphere processes remains unclear. Here, we investigate the differences in root bacterial community structures between male and female plants at different developmental stages, identifying bacterial strains associated with plant sex through functional predictions. This study aims to inform the optimal allocation of male and female plants during cultivation and provide a theoretical basis for sex identification and breeding. Samples from seven-year-old male and female plants were collected during the flowering (May) and fruit ripening (October) stages. Rhizosphere nutrient content and bacterial diversity were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results demonstrate that total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and available potassium (AK) varied between sexes at different times. No significant differences between male and female plants were observed in the Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 indexes during the flowering period. However, the Chao1 and Shannon indexes were significantly higher at fruit maturity in male rather than female plants. The predominant phyla of rhizosphere bacteria were Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinomycetes. Interestingly, from flowering to fruit ripening, the dominant phyla in both male and female plants shifted from Actinomycetes to Pseudomonadota. A significant correlation was observed between pH and AK and rhizosphere bacteria (p < 0.05), with metabolism being the main functional difference. This study provides preliminary insights into the functional predictions and analyses of bacteria associated with Idesia polycarpa. The above findings lay the groundwork for further investigation into the sex-specific differences in microbial flora across different developmental stages, elucidating the mechanisms underlying flora changes and offering theoretical support for the high-quality management of Idesia polycarpa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of peer support nursing on caregiver preparedness for care of low anal fistula in infants. Methods A prospective, randomized, single-blind control study was conducted, and 60 cases of infants with anal fistula were included and randomly divided into two groups. Totally 60 primary caregivers of infants were also included as research subjects. Caregivers of infants in both control group and observation group received routine health education before discharge from hospital, and those in the observation group were given peer support nursing. The caregiver preparedness and anxiety status were evaluated and compared between two groups. Results The total score of Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The score of short-form Anxiety Assessment Scale in the observation group was (2. 53±1. 07), which was lower than (5. 00±1. 08)in the control group (P＜0. 01). Conclusion Peer support nursing is potentially effective to improve caregivers preparedness and reduces their degree of anxiety. It has positive significance for promoting postoperative rehabilitation of infant patients with anal fistula. (目的 探讨运用同伴支持式护理干预提升婴儿低位肛瘘照顾者准备度的效果。方法 采用前瞻性、随机、单盲对照研究方法, 纳入60例婴儿低位肛瘘患儿, 术前进行肛肠专科检查及肛管直肠超声检查, 根据随机数字法分为两组。对照组采用常规出院指导, 观察组在对照组基础上采用同伴支持式护理。每位患儿选取1位照顾者参与研究, 共调查60位患儿照顾者。评价2组患儿照顾者准备度和焦虑指标。结果 观察组患儿照顾者的照顾者准备度量表(CPS)总分高于对照组患儿照顾者, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。简易焦虑问卷评价结果显示, 观察组评分(2. 53±1. 07)分, 低于对照组的(5. 00±1. 08)分, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 同伴式支持护理干预能够提高照顾者的准备能力, 减轻焦虑程度, 对促进婴儿低位肛瘘患儿康复具有积极意义。)

Objective To investigate the effect of WeChat platform combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method in standardization training for proctology specialist. Methods Totally 60 medical specialists who required standardization training were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group adopted wechat platform combined with PBL teaching method, while the control group adopted traditional teaching method. After teaching, the written test, operation skill and clinical competency were evaluated comprehensively. Results Scores of written test and operation skill in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). All indicators of clinical competence including reasoning ability, information processing capability, interpersonal communication skills and overall coordination ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion WeChat platform combined with PBL teaching method in the standardization training can significantly improve the theoretical knowledge mastery and practical operation skills of specialists. The combined teaching method contributes to the establishment of standardized thinking mode in clinical diagnosis and treatment. (目的 探讨微信平台联合以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学法在肛肠学科规范化培训教学中的应用效果。方法 将60例规范化培训学员随机分为观察组和对照组, 各30例。对照组采用传统教学法, 观察组采用微信平台联合PBL教学法。比较2组培训考核成绩以及临床胜任力。结果 观察组笔试和技能操作成绩均得分均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组临床推理能力、信息处理能力、人际交流能力、整体协同能力得分均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 微信平台联合PBL教学法在肛肠学科住院医师规范化培训中应用效果显著, 有助于提高规范化培训医生的理论知识掌握能力和实践操作技术水平, 帮助建立规范的临床诊疗思维模式。)

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination level and trend of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) in freshwater products in Jiangsu Province, and provide basic quantitative data for the risk assessment.MethodsOne thousand one hundred and seventy samples form 8 categories freshwater products were collected from 2010 to 2018. The sampling sites include different locations of circulate and catering links in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province. The qualitative and quantitative data was obtained by method based on GB 4789.7 "Food microbiological examination-Examination of Vibrio parahemolyticus" . @RISK software was used to analyze the data and fitting quantitative contamination data.ResultsThe detection rate of VP in 1 170 freshwater products was 28.0% and 3.7% VP carried virulence gene. The contamination levels of VP in freshwater products was (-1.01±1.57) lg MPN/g. The detection rate and contamination levels of VP in inland areas was higher than coastal areas, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The contamination levels of VP in inland areas and coastal areas were (-0.89±1.59) lg MPN/g and (-1.56±1.54) lg MPN/g. The contamination level in the second quarter, in the restaurant/hotel and freshwater shrimps were the highest, with the values of (-0.56±1.72) lg MPN/g, (-0.68±1.55) lg MPN/g and (-0.44±1.68) lg MPN/g, respectively.ConclusionThe contamination of VP in freshwater products in Jiangsu Province was seriously. The contamination of VP had shifted from seafood to freshwater products and spread from coastal areas to inland areas. Moreover, the contamination of inland area had a trend to exceed the coastal areas. Freshwater products might be the important risk factor for the disease of VP. The contamination of VP in freshwater shrimps were seriously. It is necessary to carry out the risk assessment for freshwater products.

Background: An important first step in enhancing professional palliative care training is to investigate the educational needs of pediatric clinicians in this field. The aims of this research were to analyze the extent of end-of-life care experience of Chinese pediatric clinicians and identify the differing educational needs of physicians and nurses as well as associated impact factors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey via a structural questionnaire was used in this research. Results: In total, 187 clinicians, comprising 52 physicians and 135 nurses, participated in this study. The topics "pain management", "symptom management", and "discussing the prognosis with family members" were the most expressed educational needs among both physicians and nurses. Compared to nurses, physicians placed greater emphasis on the importance of "communication" and "pain and symptom management" (p < 0.05). Clinicians with more extensive end-of-life care experience more strongly felt the importance of learning about pain management and communication regarding end-of-life care (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Research showed that the education currently provided to pediatric clinicians does not meet their distinctive needs. Future palliative care education must be a continuing multi-level, interdisciplinary program and different education should be provided to physicians and nurses based on their respective needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]