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The global energy crisis and environmental pollution have caused great concern. Hydrogen is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy and has potential to be a major alternative energy carrier in the future. Due to its high capacity and relatively low cost of raw materials, alanate has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for hydrogen storage. Among them, LiAlH4 and NaAlH4, as two representative metal alanates, have attracted extensive attention. Unfortunately, the high desorption temperature and sluggish kinetics restrict its practical application. In this paper, the basic physical and chemical properties as well as the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction mechanism of LiAlH4 and NaAlH4 are briefly reviewed. The recent progress on strategic optimizations toward tuning the thermodynamics and kinetics of the alanate including nanoscaling, doping catalysts and compositing modification are emphatically discussed. Finally, the coming challenges and the development prospects are also proposed in this review.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The previously reported topologies within eudicots. Fig. S2. 19-Kmer-based analysis to estimate the genome size of Buxus austro-yunnanensis. Fig. S3. Interaction frequency distribution of Hi-C links among chromosomes. Fig. S4. GC contents of five early-diverging eudicot species. Fig. S5. BUSCO results for six eudicots. Fig. S6. LTR insertion time of Buxus austro-yunnanensis. Fig. S7. Gene structures of Aquilegia, Buxus, Nelumbo, Trochodendron and Tetracentron. Fig. S8. The phylogenetic trees of the nuclear sequences with concatenated and coalescence-based methods. Fig. S9. Divergence times of the 28 species. Fig. S10. The phylogenetic tree of the chloroplast dataset. Fig. S11. Quartet score of each node based on the nuclear gene trees. Fig. S12. Superimposed ultrametric gene trees in a consensus DensiTree plot. Fig. S13. Relative importance of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), gene tree estimation error (Est. error), and hybridization in generating gene tree variation. Fig. S14. Collinear gene dot plots between Buxus austro-yunnanensis and Aristolochia, Aquilegia, Nelumbo, Tetracentron, Cercidiphyllum, Vitis. Fig. S15. Collinear gene dot plots between Cercidiphyllum, Vitis and Simmondsia, Carthamus, Olea. Fig. S16. Merged dotplot of Aquilegia, Buxus, Nelumbo, Trochodendron, Tetracentron and Vitis. Fig. S17. Heatmap of cluster of collinearity relationships in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S18. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 1 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S19. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 2 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S20. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 3 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S21. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 4 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S22. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 5 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S23. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 6 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S24. Demonstration of pieces of AEK 7 in Aquilegia (aco), Buxus austro-yunnanensis (byu), Nelumbo (nnu), Trochodendron (tar), Tetracentron (tsi) and Vitis (vvi). Fig. S25. Comparison between the previous AEK (PAEK) and our constructed AEK. Fig. S26. Karyotype projection of Aquilegia, Nelumbo, Buxus austro-yunnanensis, Tetracentron, Trochodendron and Coffea genome based on PAEK. Fig. S27. Karyotype projection of Vitis and Cercidiphyllum based on PAEK and AEK. Fig. S28. Karyotype projection of Aquilegia, Nelumbo, Buxus austro-yunnanensis, Tetracentron, Trochodendron and Coffea genome based on AEK. Fig. S29. Collinear gene dot plots and karyotype projection between Cercidiphyllum and Bretschneidera, Theobroma, Acer, Averrhoa, Populus, Tripterygium. Fig. S30. Collinear gene dot plots and karyotype projection between Cercidiphyllum and Cucumis, Phaseolus, Malus, Betula, Eucalyptus, Vitis. Fig. S31. Collinear gene dot plots and karyotype projection between Cercidiphyllum and Coffea, Ipomoea, Olea, Apium, Carthamus, Davidia, Rhododendron, Simmondsia. Fig. S32. Collinear gene dot plots and karyotype projection between Coptis and Aquilegia, Cercidiphyllum and Muscadinia, Vitis and Muscadinia. Fig. S33. Collinear gene dot plots and karyotype projection between Tetracentron and Trochodendron. Fig. S34. Synteny comparison among asterids species with Davidia as reference. Fig. S35. Synteny comparison among rosids species with Tripterygium as reference. Table S1. The detail sequencing information of Buxus austro-yunnanensis. Table S2. Summary of genome assembly. Table S3. Contig N50 values of the early-diverging eudicots. Table S4. Summary of chromosome level assembly. Table S5. Statistic of repetitive elements in the assembled genome. Table S6. Comparison of gene space of Buxus austro-yunnanensis with other genomes. Table S7. Assessment of the predicted genes by BUSCO (database: eudicotyledons_odb10). Table S8. Functional annotation of the predicted genes. Table S9. Summary of the 28 species genome that used in this study. Table S10. Average total introgression proportion per species pair in QuIBL analysis. Table S11. The QuIBL analysis result.

The residue depletion of niclosamide (NIC) in freshwater fish including blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and channel catfish (Ietalurus Punetaus) were investigated under laboratory conditions. NIC concentrations in fish were determined by Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with heated electrospray ionisation. The mean recoveries were in the range of 75.5–98.5%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.0 to 9.4%. The depletion results showed that the long half-life of NIC was 8.8–22.1 days. Risk assessment of NIC residue in edible tissues (muscle and skin) of the three species of freshwater fish was performed using the quotient (RQ), because of no maximum residue limit (MRL) has been set for NIC in fish. The results demonstrated that the RQ values were all significantly lower than 1. Therefore, the effect of NIC residues in the three species of freshwater fish at the immersion concentration was negligible to Chinese people.

Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Ramularia sp. were endophytic fungi isolated from Rumex gmelini Turcz (RGT), all of these three strains could produce some similar bioactive secondary metabolites of their host. However the ability to produce active components degraded significantly after cultured these fungi alone for a long time, and were difficult to recover. In order to obtain more bioactive secondary metabolites, the co-culture of tissue culture seedlings of RGT and its endophytic fungi were established respectively, and RGT seedling was selected as producer. Among these fungi, Aspergillus sp. showed the most significant enhancement on bioactive components accumulation in RGT seedlings. When inoculated Aspergillus sp. spores into media of RGT seedlings that had taken root for 20 d, and made spore concentration in co-culture medium was 1 × 104 mL-1, after co-cultured for 12 d, the yield of chrysophaein, resveratrol, chrysophanol, emodin and physcion were 3.52-, 3.70-, 3.60-, 4.25-, 3.85-fold of the control group. The extreme value of musizin yield was 0.289 mg, which was not detected in the control groups. The results indicated that co-culture with endophytic fungi could significantly enhance bioactive secondary metabolites production of RGT seedlings.