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To reveal the effects of milling methods on the physicochemical properties of rice flour and the qualities of fresh rice noodles, the rice was treated by dry, semi-dry, and wet milling methods and the resultant products were utilized to produce fresh rice noodles. The basic chemical components, the damaged starch rate, the size distribution, the morphology, the solubility and swelling power, and the pasting properties of the rice flour, as well as the texture, cooking, and sensory qualities of fresh rice noodles, were investigated. The obtained results suggested that the rice flour produced by drying methods with a 300 mesh had the highest damaged starch rate (17.55%) and solubility, smallest particle size, peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity. By contrast, the rice flour produced from wet milling methods showed the lowest damaged starch rate (2.87%) and solubility, and the highest peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity. Increasing the moisture content during the semi-dry milling treatment, the damaged starch rate of the rice flour decreased from 4.49% to 3.55%, and similar trend was observed for particle size distribution and solubility. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the lower damaged starch rate, the more intact structure of the rice flour. The fresh rice noodles made from wet milling flour showed the best cooking qualities, and the cooking qualities of semi-dry milled flour-made and semi-soaking milled flour-made fresh noodles were close to those of wet milled flour-made fresh rice noodles while the rice flour produced from dry milled method was not suitable for making fresh rice noodles. The semi-dry and semi-soaking milled rice flour can replace the wet milled rice flour for the preparation of rice noodles during the practical production process. The findings in this study may assist the revolution for the traditional production of rice noodles.

In this paper, a kind of half-loop Yagi-Uda antenna made of high-permittivity dielectric is proposed to realize end-fire radiation. As two typical materials with high permittivity, low-loss zirconia ceramic and liquid pure water are here employed for the proposed antenna to attain high radiation efficiency and support the characteristic of pattern reconfigurability, respectively. The thin dielectric waveguide with high permittivity is here used as the metal wire of conventional wire antennas, due to its traveling-wave radiation under TM01 mode. The different radiation characteristics of the electrically small loop and full-wave loop antennas are discussed. And the dielectric large half-loop antenna with ground plane and bi-directional radiation is utilized to form a Yagi-Uda array for desired end-fire radiation. Moreover, circular loop elements are subsequently transformed into rectangular shape to reduce the profile of antenna and a comparison between the conventional metal Yagi-Uda antenna and the proposed dielectric one is provided. It is found that the dielectric parasitic element could play a more flexible role. Both ceramic and pure-water antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. Measured results match the simulated ones well, which validates the predicted antenna performance.

Micro-stereolithography (μSL) is an advanced additive manufacturing technique that enables the fabrication of highly precise microstructures with fine feature resolution. One of the primary challenges in μSL is achieving and maintaining precise focus throughout the fabrication process. For the successful application of μSL, it is essential to maintain the sample surface within a focal depth of several microns. Despite the growing interest in auto-focus devices, limited attention has been directed towards auto-focus systems in image-based auto-focus microscope systems for precision μSL. To address this challenge, we propose an image-based auto-focus microscope system incorporating visual servo control. In the optical design, a transflective beam splitter is employed, allowing the laser beam to pass through for fabrication while reflecting the focused beam on the sample surface to the microscope and camera. Utilizing captured spot images and the Foucault knife-edge test, a deep learning-based laser spot image processing algorithm is developed to determine the focus position based on spot size and the number of spot pixels on both sides. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed auto-focus system effectively determines the relative position of the focal point using the laser spot image and achieves auto-focusing through visual servo control.

Pituitary incidentalomas (PIs) are defined as previously unexpected pituitary lesions which are accidentally discovered during imaging examinations performed for unrelated reasons, including pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, Rathke's cyst, pituitary hyperplasia and other sellar lesions. With the wide application of imaging techniques, especially MRI, more and more pituitary incidentalomas have been detected. However, there are still many problems regarding the definition of pituitary incidentaloma, natural course of disease, intervention indication at the first diagnosis, follow⁃up plan, and so on, resulting in misdiagnosis and overtreatment. This review attempts to discuss the definition, relevant factors for predicting the natural course of tumor, diagnosis, surgical indications, and individualized follow ⁃up plan, and so on, in order to attract clinical attention and conduct related research to further clarify the clinical unsolved problems.

Commercial multi-channel energy spectrometers have good performance, they have multiple input signal channels and multi-channel analyzers, which can simultaneously acquire the energy spectrum of multiple nuclear pulse signals. But the input signal channel of this general multi-channel energy spectrometer cannot be switched between the internal multi-channel analyzers, and an input signal channel can only be fixed to the corresponding multi-channel analyzers. Hence, to resolve this issue, this paper designed a nuclear pulse signal array switching circuit. The core of the array switching circuit is a switch array chip with low internal resistance and high bandwidth, which controls the signal connection between the input signal channel with the multi-channel analyzers. Using 137Cs and uranium ore as radioactive sources, the energy spectrum test and spectrum data analysis were carried out using a NaI detector, respectively, when the nuclear pulse signal passed through and did not pass through the array switching circuit. The results showed that the circuit demonstrates little effect on the energy resolution and linearity of the multi-channel analyzers but causes a small drift of the high-energy photopeak, and improve the reliability of the circuit by energy spectrum data accumulation. This circuit can make the application of a multi-channel energy spectrometers more flexible and reliable.

Betatrons have the advantages of small size, lightweight, and simple operation. They are widely used in non-destructive testing, cargo, and vehicle safety inspection systems. Magnetic field distribution is an essential parameter of betatrons and has been investigated via experimental methods. Recently, simulations have been performed for the magnetic field distribution generated by different magnetic pole parameters. In this study, the finite element method is employed to simulate the magnetic field distribution. The effects of the different magnetic end face opening angles, pole protrusion sizes, number of central magnetic pads, and magnetic pole bottom width on the magnetic field distribution are simulated. Based on the simulation results, magnetic poles are developed, and the magnetic field distribution is measured by a gauss meter. The relative error of the measured and simulated equilibrium orbit is 2.1 %, and the relative error of the magnetic field decay index is 3.3 %. The magnetic field distribution can satisfy the essential conditions that the magnetic field at equilibrium orbit of the betatron is equal to half of the average magnetic field within equilibrium orbit and the magnetic field decay index is greater than 0 and less than 1. The results show that the finite element simulation method and established model have high reliability and effectively improve the design accuracy of magnetic poles.

In the present investigation, laboratorial test is conducted to examine the evolution law of fissures of the Wuxiang clay complexs under wetting and drying cycles. The oven drying method and the water film transfer method are employed to simulate the drying and wetting process, respectively. Digital photography and weighing are used to record the changes of fissures in each drying and wetting process, so as to conduct qualitative analyses. Matlab is applied to image processing to obtain the geometric feature values in the evolution process of fissures. The evolution rules of fissures are obtained by combining qualitative analyses and quantitative analyses, including: (1) in the drying process, the fissure rate of the clay complexs increases continuously and finally tends to be stable, and the first and second drying have the greatest influence on the fissure rate. In terms of the geometric characteristics, the fissures first grow and develop in all directions along the middle large fissure, and then turn to form a new large fissure with the increase number of cycles. (2) In the wetting process, the clay complexs expands when it absorbs water, and the fissures gradually tend to close, but the plastic deformation occurs. With the increasing wetting times, the accumulated deformation gradually decreases. After the fifth drying and wetting cycle, the accumulated deformation basically disappears, and the soil structure returns to a relatively uniform loose structure.

Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material is a promising next-generation lithium-ion battery cathode material, however, it exhibits significant differences in electrochemical performance at different temperatures, which severely limits the application in practical environments. A variety of electrochemical measures were used to characterize the difference in electrochemical performance of lithium-rich material within the temperature range of 5-45℃. The influencing factors of material properties and temperature dependence were analyzed from the perspective of polarization. The results show that the charge/discharge capacity of lithium-rich material decreases with decreasing temperature, which is mainly due to the significant increase in the polarization of the oxygen/manganese ion reaction in the high-voltage and low-voltage ranges with decreasing temperature, resulting in a severe decrease in its capacity contribution.The significantly increased polarization is mainly caused by the poor intrinsic kinetic performance of oxygen/manganese ions, which leading to high apparent activation energy of the charge transfer process. In addition, the participation of oxygen and manganese ions in the charge compensation reaction changes the structure of the material seriously.It induces changes in the composition of the interface film, which increases the apparent activation energy of lithium ion transmission at the interface in the low voltage interval. Moreover, it causes bulk diffusion of lithium ions at the end of the charge and discharge process having higher apparent activation energy. Therefore, improving the oxygen/manganese ion reaction kinetics of lithium-rich material is the main method to enhance its environmental adaptability.

Objective To explore the preoperative factors affecting the immediate remission of Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. Methods A total of 420 patients with Cushing's disease (led by Dr. Feng Ming) in the Department of Neurosurgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2014 to August 2020 were included. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to find risk factors for immediate remission after operation of Cushing's disease, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to predict the cut⁃off value of immediate remission after operation. Results Among 420 patients with Cushing's disease, 318 patients had immediate remission after operation, and the immediate remission rate was 75.71%. Logistic regression analysis showed that non⁃primary surgery (OR = 3.904, 95%CI: 2.199-6.930; P = 0.000) and high adrenocorticotropic hormone level (OR = 0.995, 95%CI: 0.991-0.999; P = 0.027) were risk factors for immediate remission after opration in patients with Cushing's disease. ROC showed the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of 85.45 pg/ml adrenocorticotropic hormone level (best threshold) for predicting immediate remission after operation were 0.586 (95%CI: 0.524-0.648, P = 0.009), 0.510 and 0.640. Conclusions Preoperative adrenocorticotropic hormone and the first operation are important factors affecting the immediate remission of patients with Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal operation. Endocrinologists and neurosurgeons should pay attention to the factors affecting the prognosis of patients during the preoperative evaluation of patients with Cushing's disease and make good communication between doctors and patients.

Conventional von Newmann-based computers face severe challenges in the processing and storage of the large quantities of data being generated in the current era of “big data.” One of the most promising solutions to this issue is the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) that can process and store data in a manner similar to that of the human brain. To extend the limits of Moore’s law, memristors, whose electrical and optical behaviors closely match the biological response of the human brain, have been implemented for ANNs in place of the traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) components. Based on their different operation modes, we classify the memristor family into electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic memristors, and review their respective physical principles and state-of-the-art technologies. Subsequently, we discuss the design strategies, performance superiorities, and technical drawbacks of various memristors in relation to ANN applications, as well as the updated versions of ANN, such as deep neutral networks (DNNs) and spike neural networks (SNNs). This paper concludes by envisioning the potential approaches for overcoming the physical limitations of memristor-based neural networks and the outlook of memristor applications on emerging neural networks.

Nervous system diseases are associated with complexity and diversity. As a result, the prognosis of patients deeply depends on physicians' clinical experience and their diagnosis and treatment level. With the exponential growth of medical big data and the development of statistical analysis tools, more researchers discover the pathogenesis of diseases and assist clinical process through the mining of big data, so as to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of nervous system diseases. This paper elaborates the application of three kinds of medical big data in nervous system diseases, including structured data, radiomics, and bioinformatics. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.002

With the development of molecular biology technology, the era of precision medicine is gradually coming. Standardized clinical database can provide a platform for clinicians to integrate clinical and molecular data, so as to make diagnosis and treatment plans more effectively. This paper summarizes the research progress of pituitary adenoma databases at home and abroad in recent years, expounds the management and application of database, and prospects the development of big data of pituitary adenoma. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.003

With rapid aging worldwide, stroke disease has become the second leading cause of death in people over 60 years old, following the cancer disease. The large⁃scale medical database provides epidemiological data by systematically integrating medical data and transforming research hypotheses into evidence⁃based medicine evidence to guide clinical practice, widely used in clinical medical research. This article describes different stroke databases to explain their application and research progress in stroke diseases, and describes the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in database construction, aiming to promote the construction of stroke databases and conduct high⁃quality stroke research. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.004

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) complicated with perioperative pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Depending on Chinese Pituitary Disease Registry Network (CPDRN) and Pituitary Tumor Database in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 20 patients with CS complicated perioperative PE were collected from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2020, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory examination data of the patients were investigated. The clinical characteristics were compared between ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS) and CS with PE during the perioperative period. In addition, clinical characteristics were also studied in these patients before and after the operation. Results According to etiology, they were divided into CS (7 cases), EAS (9 cases) and adrenal adenoma (4 cases). The course of CS was longer than EAS (t = ⁃ 2.938, P = 0.011). According to the occurrence time of PE, the patients were divided into preoperative PE (13 cases) and postoperative PE (7 cases). The patients with postoperative PE had a lower body mass index (t = 2.427, P = 0.026) and a higher fibrinogen (t = ⁃ 2.162, P = 0.047). The patients with PE before surgery included 5 cases of CS, 5 cases of EAS, and 3 cases of adrenal adenomas, while those who with PE after surgery included 2 cases of CS, 4 cases of EAS, and one case of adrenal adenoma. Among the 7 patients with PE after surgery, 5 cases did not get remission. Compared with preoperative examination, the erythrocyte count (t = ⁃ 2.032, P = 0.042) and hemoglobin (t = 9.807, P = 0.001) were decreased after operation, the prothrombin time (t = ⁃ 2.847, P = 0.047) and international normalized ratio (t = ⁃ 3.059, P = 0.038) were increased after operation. Conclusions Longer course of disease and no remission hypercortisolemia after surgery may be the risk factors for perioperative PE in CS patients. Patients with elevated fibrinogen before surgery and reduced red blood cell count and hemoglobin after surgery should be alert to the risk of PE. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.009

Objective To summarize the clinical features of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)⁃dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). Methods Based on the pituitary tumor database of Peking Union Medical College Hospital of China Pituitary Disease Register Network (CPDRN), 18 patients with ACTH ⁃ dependent CS complicated with MEN from January 1984 to September 2020 were collected. The clinical manifestations, involved other endocrine glands, laboratorial and imageological examinations were analyzed. Results Among 18 patients, 13 cases were Cushing's disease and 5 cases were ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS); 15 cases were MEN1 type, 2 cases were MEN2 type and one case was MEN4 type. The clinical manifestations were subclinical CS in 6 cases and overt CS in 12 cases. All cases had osteopenia or osteoporosis. Urolithiasis accounted for 11/18 cases. Regarding the involved endocrine glands, pituitary ACTH adenoma accounted for 13/18 cases, prolactinoma accounted for 4/18 cases, hyperparathyroidism accounted for 15/18 cases, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors accounted for 13/18 cases and adrenal adenomas and hyperplasia accounted for 10/18 cases. Laboratorial examinations showed the average morning serum cortisol was (652.90 ± 254.90) nmol/L, the morning ACTH was (13.38 ± 8.73) pmol/L and the 24 h urinary free cortisol was 446.35 (233.08, 531.10) µg. Serum prolactin was elevated in 2 cases, parathyroid hormone was elevated in 13 cases and serum calcium was elevated in 11 cases. In imageological examinations, there were pituitary microadenoma in 12 cases, pituitary macroadenoma in 3 cases, adrenal adenoma in 8 cases, thickened adrenal in 4 cases, adrenal pheochromocytoma in 2 cases, and paraganglioma in one case. Genetic test showed 3 cases had MEN1 gene mutation including c.1183C ＞ T, c.1579C ＞ T and c.1174G ＞ T. Conclusions ACTH⁃dependent CS with MEN is a rare disease with complex manifestations. The most common symptom is osteopenia/osteoporosis. The most common cause of CS is pituitary microadenoma. MEN1 is the most common MEN type, and primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common type of affected endocrine glands, followed by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.008

Objective To explore the imaging data of spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (sIPH) extracted from the Chinese Intracranial Hemorrhage Imaging Database (CICHID), and analyze the distribution of characteristics and features of hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with more than one non⁃contrast CT within 24 h. Methods There were 831 patients who received recurrent head CT scans involved the inclusion criteria analyzed from January 2016 to June 2020. The cutoff of HE was defined a 6 ml, and the patients were divided into HE group (≥ 6 ml) and non ⁃HE group (＜ 6 ml) to explore the characteristics of patients and their imaging. To explore more features, the HE group was subdivided into groups. According to the cutpoints of the expansion volume in hematoma volume, the groups were subdivided into group A (reduce/no change), group B (＜ 3 ml), group C (3-5.99 ml), group D (6-12.49 ml) and group E (≥ 12.50 ml). According to the expansion rate in hematoma volume, there were group F (＜ 26%), group G (26%-32%) and group H (≥ 33%). Results Among 831 patients, there were 155 patients (18.65%) with hematoma expansion. Compared to non ⁃ HE group, the patients in HE group had larger initial hematoma volume (t = ⁃ 6.148, P = 0.000), higher rate of hematoma breaking into ventricle (χ2 = 20.812, P = 0.000) and shorter interval time between CTs (t = 2.306, P = 0.021). When subdivided as 3, 6 and 12.50 ml, there were significant differences among the groups, which including initial hematoma volume (H = 97.129, P = 0.000), rate of hematoma breaking into ventricle (χ2 = 50.043, P = 0.000) and interval time between CTs (t = 2.306, P = 0.021), the initial hematoma volume (P = 0.014, 0.005, 0.000) and the rate of hematoma breaking into ventricle (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) in 3-5.99 ml group, 6-12.49 ml group and ≥ 12.50 ml group were higher than ＜ 3 ml group, the interval time between CTs in ≥ 12.50 ml group was shorter than ＜ 3 ml group (P = 0.000). And subdivided as 26% and 33%, only the rate of hematoma breaking into ventricle showed significant difference among groups (χ2 = 15.649, P = 0.001). Conclusions In the studies, there was 18.65% sIPH patients occurred HE within 24 h and the risk factors might be initial hematoma volume, rate of hemorrhage breaking into ventricle and interval time between CTs. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.010

Objective To validate the agreement among the convolution neural network segmentation algorithm, Tada formula and manual segmentation for subdural/epidural hemorrhage volume. Methods A total of 129 cases with 352 subdural/epidural hemorrhage CT scans were extracted from Chinese Intracranial Hemorrhage Image Database (CICHID) from January 2017 to June 2019. All CT scans were measured by three methods including manual segmentation, algorithm segmentation and Tada formula. The manual segmentation was regarded as the "golden standard" and the agreement test among three methods was performed. We explored the influence factors in different measurement methods, such as the shape or boundary of hematoma. Results Compared with the Tada formula method, the percentage error of segmentation algorithm was small (23.62%), and the agreement between algorithm and the manual reference was strong, which 94.89% (334/352) of the data was within the 95% limits of agreement (95%LoA), however, the 95%LoA was broad. And the performance of segmentation algorithm showed better in asymmetry (P = 0.000) and clear boundary hematoma (P = 0.000). Conclusions The segmentation algorithm based on convolution neural network has a certain application prospect, but need to be validated in large sample research. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.011

Temperature difference and dew point are two important factors for moisture condensation of the storage grain.According to the large temperature humidity，storage temperature and humidity，grain temperature conditions and rice moisture during the discharge period of the finished grain rice，the reasons for moisture condensation were concluded.Using the relevant charts such as grain pile dew point approximation checklist，grain absolute humidity graph and atmospheric absolute humidity map，the main method of grain pile dew predicting were summarized and the feasible and effective treatment measures were provided which has positive significance for the safe storage of finished grain

Due to the popularity of intelligent mobile devices, malwares in the internet have seriously threatened the security of industrial control systems. Increasing number of malware attacks has become a major concern in the information security community. Currently, with the increase of malware variants in a wide range of application fields, some technical challenges must be addressed to detect malwares and achieve security protection in industrial control systems. Although many traditional solutions have been developed to provide effective ways of detecting malwares, some current approaches have their limitations in intelligently detecting and recognizing malwares, as more complex malwares exist. Given the success of machine learning methods and techniques in data analysis applications, some advanced algorithms can also be applied in the detection and analysis of complex malwares. To detect malwares and consider the advantages of machine learning algorithms, we developed a detection framework for malwares that threatens the network security of industrial control systems through the combination of an advanced machine learning algorithm, i.e., reinforcement learning. During the implementation process, according to the actual needs of malware behavior detection, key modules including feature extraction, policy, and classification networks were designed on the basis of the intelligent features of reinforcement learning algorithms in relation to sequence decision and dynamic feedback learning. Moreover, the training algorithms for the above key modules were presented while providing the detailed functional analysis and implementation framework. In the application experiments, after preprocessing the actual dataset of malwares, the developed method was tested and the satisfactory classification performance for malware was achieved that verified the efficiency and effectiveness of the reinforcement learning-based method. This method can provide an intelligent decision aid for general malware behavior detection.

Owing to the influence of continuous running of ground water, the uranium atoms can be separated physically from their daughters for the reason of different solubilities and the uranium deposit often shows the disequilibrium feature between uranium and its daughter products (radium principally). It is important, when spectral gamma ray logging, to quantify the uranium content which can cause inaccuracy of the result. This paper, based on spectral γ ray logging method, proposes a neutron-gamma logging method to determine the coefficient of uranium-radium disequilibrium. In this method, characteristic peak count rate of uranium is taken from prompt fission neutron logging, whereas characteristic peak count rate of radium, thorium and potassium are taken from spectral gamma ray logging. Based on this method, the union logging tool including epithermal neutron, thermal neutron, and gamma detector along with D-T generator, have been developed. The experimental results, in standard model wells, show that this method is in good agreement within 7% in core assay results. It shows that the union neutron-γ logging method can be used for field uranium logging jobs.

Phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) is widely regarded as one of the most promising candidates to replace Flash memory as the next generation of non-volatile memories due to its high-speed and low-power consumption characteristics. Recent advent of the blade-type PCRAM with low programming current merit further confirms its prospects. The thermoelectric effects existing inside the PCRAM devices have always been an important factor that determines the phase-transformation kinetics due to a fact that it allows PCRAM to have electric polarity dependent characteristics. However, the potential physics governing the thermoelectric effects for blade-type PCRAM device still remains vague. We establish a three-dimensional (3D) electro-thermal and phase-transformation model to study the influences of thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and device scaling on the thermoelectric effects of the blade-type PCRAM during its “RESET” operation. Our research shows that the presence of TBR significantly improves the electric polarity-dependent characteristics of the blade-type PCRAM, and such polarity-dependent characteristic is found immune to the scaling of the device. It is therefore possible to optimize the thermoelectric effects of the blade-type PCRAM through appropriately tailoring the TBR parameters, thus further lowering resulting power consumption.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.03.001

This study aims to investigate the differences in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in normal gastric tissues, gastric cancer tissues and lymph node metastasis.

Background: Essential hypertension (EP) is characterized by blood pressure (BP) elevations, which often lead to target organ damage and cardiovascular illness. The following study investigates whether aerobic exercise programs with different intensities could reduce the magnitude of BP rise. Methods: Patients with essential hypertension were recruited from the Baoshan Community Health Service Center. A total of 46 patients were finally selected and randomly assigned into two groups: control group (CON) included patients who did not participate in exercise intervention training; treatment group (TRG) included patients who participated in 12-week brisk walking training (60-min of brisk walking, three times a week for a total of 12 weeks). 3-minute step tests of low and high intensity were conducted pre- and post-intervention. To compare the effects of exercise intervention, 23 subjects with normal blood pressure (NBP) who did not participate in 12-week brisk walking training, were recruited. Results: After 12 weeks of brisk walking, SBP of TRG during resting, low and high-intensity exercise was significantly reduced by 8.3mmHg, 15.6mmHg, and 22.6mmHg, respectively; while HR of TRG’s during resting, low and high intensity was significantly reduced by 3.6beats/minute, 8.7beats/minute and 11.3beats/minute, respectively. Meanwhile, after 12 weeks of brisk walking, TRG’s steps per day, $$\dot v$$o2max, moderate physical activity time and physical activity energy expenditure significantly increased by 6000 steps, 2.4 ml/kg/m, 40 minutes and 113 kcal, respectively. At the same time, TRG’s body fat rate and sedentary time significantly reduced by 2% and 60 minutes per day. Conclusion: Brisk walking can reduce the magnitude of BP rise during exercise of different intensities and may be reduced the risk of acute cardiovascular incidents in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Abbreviations: EP: Essential hypertension; BP: blood pressure; CON: control group; TRG: treatment group; NBP: normal blood pressure; PA: physical activity

In recent years, with the rapid development of human civilization, a variety of environmental problems have emerged. As the most important natural ecological system of terrestrial ecosystems, forest ecosystem plays a significant role in protecting the environment and beautifying cities. The landscape planning and design of botanical gardens is of great significance to the maintenance of the urban forest ecosystem. Taking the Nanshan botanical garden as the research object, this paper analysed the present situation of the garden and carried out the vegetation landscape planning transformation on it from the perspective of landscape ecology. Then, the landscape hierarchy analysis method was used to evaluate the landscape after the transformation, the results of which suggested that the comprehensive evaluation of the garden was the highest when the plant landscape was diversified and the structure level was reasonable, which provided a reference for the optimization of the urban forest ecosystem.

The particle of calcareous sands was forced to crush, then the energy from the crushing was released by the form of sound waves. Therefore the AE technique was used to detect the calcareous sands AE signal when it crushed. by to study the AE characteristics, the mechanics of calcareous sands was studied. Study showed that: (1) there was the AE activities on the low confining pressure condition at the beginnig of test, (2) there was more and more AE activities with the continuing of test until to the end, (3) the calcareous sands’ AE activities was on the whole testing, (4) the calcareous sands’ particle crushing and mutual friction played different roles for its AE activities. Then the AE model based on the calcarous sands’ particle crushing was discussed.

Glioma is one of the most malignant and fatal tumors in adults. Researchers and physicians endeavor to improve clinical efficacy towards it but made little achievement. In recent years, people have made advances in understanding characteristics and functions of tumor microenvironment and its role in different processes of tumor. In this paper, we describe the effects of tumor microenvironment on glioma proliferation, invasion and treatments. By explaining underlying mechanisms and enumerating new therapy strategies employing tumor microenvironment, we aim to provide novel ideas to improve clinical outcomes of glioma.