Search

Deployment of reflected signals of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) from the Earth's surface, so-called GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), has emerged as a powerful tool in obtaining a variety of geophysical parameters and surface properties. This technique can meet the growing demand for high spatiotemporal resolution geophysical data and close the data gaps due to its advantageous characteristics: it is a multistatic radar method using heretofore existing signals from numerous GNSS satellites as the transmitters. The low-costs, low-mass, and low-power recievers can be implemented in the ground-based stations or different air/space-borne platforms, such as Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS), a constellation of eight small Low Earth Orbiting (LEO), launched in December 2016. Here, we present the derived GNSS-R surface wind speeds, validations, and comparisons to conventional remote sensing instruments. The robustness of the derived wind speeds during rain events over oceans is demonstrated being a piece of evidence for the suitability of the technique for severe weather monitoring. Using modern data scientific techniques, further accuracy of the wind speed data is sought. In different experiments on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence techniques, it is shown how such methods could lead to a higher quality of GNSS-R data products. Potentials are still being explored and new ideas are being created leading to novel GNSS-R applications. It is shown that the technique can detect precipitation over oceans. In addition to empirical evidence, physical feasibility and schemes are discussed. Besides, it is shown how the technique can also respond to ocean mesoscale eddies initiating future studies on this application.

This policy was authored by representatives of the EOSC FAIR Working Group and EOSC Architecture Working group. See Appendix 3 for details. This second draft of the policy was released in May 2020for community feedback and comment. We welcome responses to and comments on this second version. Please share them with the wider community on https://pidforum.org or email them to us pid-policy@eoscsecretariat.eu. We understand that some areas may require discussion and encourage you to have that discussion on https://pidforum.org. That is where we will also provide details of opportunities for face-to-face feedback and discussion. We will developa final policy that will be delivered to the EOSC Governance Board in October 2020.

Die FAIR-Prinzipien werden seit ihrer Veröffentlichung im Jahr 2016 von einem breiten Spektrum an Stakeholdern zitiert, übernommen und angewendet. Ziel der 15 FAIR-Leitprinzipien ist es nicht, konkrete technische Implementierungen vorzuschreiben, sondern Leitlinien zur Verbesserung der Auffindbarkeit, Zugänglichkeit, Interoperabilität und Nachnutzbarkeit digitaler Ressourcen an die Hand zu geben. Dies hat vermutlich zur breiten Anwendung der FAIR-Prinzipien beigetragen, da einzelne Stakeholder-Communitys ihre eigenen Lösungen umsetzen können. Allerdings gingen damit auch uneinheitliche Interpretationen einher, die das Risiko inkompatibler Umsetzungen zur Folge haben. Wenngleich die FAIR-Prinzipien auf einer übergeordneten Ebene formuliert sind und sich in vielfältiger Weise interpretieren und umsetzen lassen, bedarf es für eine wirkliche Interoperabilität somit einer stärkeren Konvergenz weithin zugänglicher und (wieder)verwendbarer Implementierungsentscheidungen. Mit den Überlegungen zur Umsetzung der FAIR-Prinzipien unterstützen wir eine schnellere globale Mitwirkung und Konvergenz hin zu zugänglichen, soliden, auf breiter Ebene angewandten und einheitlichen FAIR-Implementierungen. Jede selbst identifizierte Stakeholder-Community kann sich entweder dafür entscheiden, Lösungen aus vorhandenen Implementierungen wiederzuverwenden, oder bei Bedarf die Herausforderung annehmen, die benötigte Lösung, die in Zukunft idealerweise wiederum von anderen Communitys angewandt werden kann, selbst zu entwickeln. Nachfolgend wollen wir für jedes der FAIR-Prinzipien Interpretationen und Überlegungen zu seiner Implementierung (Entscheidungen und Herausforderungen) erörtern. Die vorliegende deutsche Übersetzung des Dokuments entstand im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes EcoDM mit der Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unter dem Förderkennzeichen 16DWWQP.

This policy was authored by representatives of the EOSC FAIR Working Group and EOSC Architecture Working group. See Appendix 3 for details. This initial policy was released in December 2019 for community feedback and comment. We welcome responses to and comments on this first version. Please share them with the wider community on https://pidforum.org or email them to us pid-policy@eoscsecretariat.eu. We understand that some areas may require discussion and encourage you to have that discussion on https://pidforum.org. That is where we will also provide details of opportunities for face-to-face feedback and discussion. We will develop a second version for March 2020 and a final policy will be delivered to the EOSC Governance Board in October 2020.

Herzschrittmachersysteme sind eine weitverbreitete Möglichkeit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zu behandeln. Wegen der natürlichen Reaktion des Immunsystems auf Fremdkörper, erfolgt aber eine fortschreitende Verkapselung der Herzschrittmacherelektrode. Die Folge ist eine ansteigende Verminderung der Stimulationseffizienz durch Erhöhung der Anregungsschwelle. Die Integration der Elektrode in das Gewebe ist dabei mangelhaft und wird bestimmt durch Implantateigenschaften wie Größe, Flexibilität und Dimensionalität. Um die Integration zu verbessern, stellen dreidimensionale (3D) bzw. gewebeartige Elektroden eine Alternative zu den derzeit verwendeten planaren Metallelektroden dar. Zur Entwicklung einer leitfähigen, 3D und faserförmigen Elektrode wurden in dieser Arbeit Kohlenstoff-Nanofaser-Scaffolds über Elektrospinnen hergestellt. Durch die Modifikation des Fasergerüstes mit Natriumchlorid (NaCl) während der Scaffoldherstellung, konnte das Fasernetzwerk aufgelockert und Poren generiert werden. Die Kohlenstofffaser-Elektroden zeigten einen effizienten Energieübertrag, welcher vergleichbar mit heutigen Titannitrid (TiN) -Elektroden ist. Die Auflockerung des Fasergewebes hatte eine verbesserte Flexibilität des Faserscaffolds zu Folge. Neben der Flexibilität, konnte auch die Infiltration von Zellen in das poröse Faserscaffold erheblich verbessert werden. Dabei konnten Fibroblasten durch das gesamte Scaffold migrieren. Die Kompatibilität mit kardialen Zellen, die Grundvoraussetzung von Herzschrittmacherelektroden, wurde in vitro nachgewiesen. Durch die Kombination aus dem 3D-Elektrodengerüst mit einer Co-Kultur aus humanen Kardiomyozyten, mesenchymalen Stammzellen und Fibroblasten, erfolgte eine Einbettung der Elektrode in funktionelles kardiales Gewebe. Dadurch konnte ein lebender Gewebe-Elektroden-Hybrid generiert werden, welcher möglicherweise die Elektrode vor Immunzellen in vivo abschirmen kann. Eine Zusammenführung der hybriden Elektrode mit einen Tissue-Engineerten humanen kardialen Patch in vitro, führte zu Bildung einer nahtlosen Elektronik-Gewebe-Schnittstelle. Die fusionierte Einheit wurde abschließend auf ihre mechanische Belastbarkeit getestet und konnte über einen Elektroden-Anschluss elektrisch stimuliert werden., The application of pacemaker systems is a widespread treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The inflammatory interaction of the immune system and the implant results in the formation of a fibrous capsule around the pacemaker’s electrode. The consequence is a progressing reduction of the stimulation efficiency by an increased excitation threshold. The primary cause of the encapsulation is the deficient integration of the electrode into the cardiac tissue, which is induces by the incompatible implant properties like size, flexibility and dimensionality. To improve the electrode’s integration, the application of three dimensional and tissue imitating electrodes represent an improvement of currently implanted planar electrodes. To develop a conductive and fibrous 3D-electrode, carbon nanofiber scaffolds were generated by electrospinning. By modifying the fiber network with NaCl during the scaffold preparation, the mesh openings could be loosened and pores generated. An efficient energy transfer of the resulting carbon fiber electrodes was demonstrated and is comparable to today's TiN electrodes. The loosening of the fiber network resulted in improved flexibility of the scaffold. In addition to the flexibility, the infiltration of cells into the porous fiber scaffold could be significantly enhanced. Thereby, fibroblasts were enabled to migrate through the entire scaffold. For application as a pacemaker electrode, the compatibility of the tissue electrode with cardiac cells in vitro was demonstrated. The combination of the 3D electrode Scaffold with a co-culture of human cardiomyocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts led to a partially embedded electrode in functional cardiac tissue. As a result, a living tissue-electrode hybrid could be generated which could possibly shield the electrode from immune cells in vivo. Implantation of the hybrid electrode into a tissue engineered human heart patch in vitro resulted in a seamless electronic tissue interface. This fused unit was conclusively tested for its functionality, like mechanical stability and the electrical stimulation of the patch by the in grown hybrid electrode.

Global middleware infrastructure is insufficient for robust data identification, discovery, and use. While infrastructure is emerging within sub-ecosystems such as the DOI ecosystem of services purposed for data and literature objects (i.e., DataCite, CHORUS, CrossRef), in general the layers of abstraction that have made the Internet so easy to build on, is lacking for data especially for computer (machine) automated services. The goal of the PID Kernel Information recommendation is to advance a small change to middleware infrastructure by injecting a tiny amount of carefully selected metadata into a Persistent ID (PID) record. This carefully chosen and placed information has the potential to stimulate development of an entire ecosystem of third party services that can process the billions of expected PIDs and do so with more information at hand about an object (no need for costly link following) than just a unique ID. The key challenge of the PID Kernel Information working group was to determine which from amongst thousands of relevant metadata elements are suitable to embed in the PID record. This recommendation lays out principles to guide in the identification of information suitable for inclusion in the PID record. The information contained in a PID record is represented by a PID Kernel Information profile which must be publicly and globally available. For PID Kernel Information to be effective in stimulating an ecosystem of data services, the number of different profiles of PID Kernel Information must be small and their content stable. The recommendation includes a draft profile with illustrating examples and cases for adoption in practice., Draft recommendation submitted for review and endorsement by the Research Data Alliance.

This document describes the originally envisioned technical implementation plan for Handle-based PIDs for CMIP6 using ESGF services., Original location was at https://www.earthsystemcog.org/site_media/projects/wip/CMIP6_PID_Implementation_Plan.pdf Relocated to Zenodo in 2021 after notification that the project website is no longer reachable.

Global middleware infrastructure is insufficient for robust data identification, discovery, and use. While infrastructure is emerging within sub- ecosystems such as the DOI ecosystem of services purposed for data and literature objects (i.e., DataCite, CHORUS, CrossRef), in general the layers of abstraction that have made the Internet so easy to build on, is lacking for data especially for computer (machine) automated services. The goal of the PID Kernel Information recommendation is to advance a small change to middleware infrastructure by injecting a tiny amount of carefully selected metadata into a Persistent ID (PID) record. This carefully chosen and placed information has the potential to stimulate development of an entire ecosystem of third party services that can process the billions of expected PIDs and do so with more information at hand about an object (no need for costly link following) than just a unique ID. The key challenge of the PID Kernel Information working group was to determine which from amongst thousands of relevant metadata elements are suitable to embed in the PID record. This recommendation lays out principles to guide in the identification of information suitable for inclusion in the PID record. The information contained in a PID record is represented by a PID Kernel Information profile which must be publicly and globally available. For PID Kernel Information to be effective in stimulating an ecosystem of data services, the number of different profiles of PID Kernel Information must be small and their content stable. The recommendation includes a draft profile with illustrating examples and cases for adoption in practice.

This document is the third and final status and progress report on the service building activities conducted within the EUDAT2020 project. It provides an overview of the highlights and main achievements. The service building activities concentrated in the final year on further progressing in the service developments, realizing the defined CDI architecture, the completion of two new production services. The User Documentation and Training Materials team provided continuous effort in developing and maintaining new and existing documentation and training material. While the activities in the CDI Architecture and Service Rolling Plan concentrated on addressing existing and new requirements, maintaining the service building roadmap and participate in the business offering task on defining criteria for service available, reliability and data durability. Also, an outlook is provided on how service development is sustained after the EUDAT2020 project has finished.

Experts from 47 European research infrastructure initiatives and ERICs have agreed on a set of assertions about the nature, the creation and the usage of Persistent Identifiers (PIDs). This work was done in close synchronisation with the RDA Data Fabric Interest Group (DFIG) ensuring a global validation of the assertions. The intention of this cross-disciplinary report is to overcome still existing confusions about PIDs and the lack of detail knowledge in many disciplines. It is not meant to produce yet another comprehensive document on PIDs, but to identify agreements across documents that have been suggested to be included by experts. With this document GEDE (Group of European Data Experts in RDA Europe) is happy to help demystify PIDs, overcome confusion and create bridges between the various disciplines.

Recent efforts of the Research Data Alliance have established a conceptual model for the management of research data that promotes the use of digital objects, transcending the traditional notion of files and decoupling questions of access and use from location and storage. In this context, the need for building aggregations or collections of such objects has become an essential element. However, contemporary work on object collections focuses on primarily describing such collections through metadata, whereas research data management practice requires not only to describe collections, but to make them actionable by automated processes to be able to cope with ever increasing amounts and volumes of data. To this effect, this recommendation provides a comprehensive model for actionable collections and a technical interface specification to enable client-server interaction. It also reports on first adoption and implementation efforts across communities and institutions and provides perspectives on the use of data types in connection with collection structures, highlighting pathways for possible future work.

This document provides an overview of the service building activities conducted in the second year of the EUDAT 2020 project. The service building activities in the second year concentrated on further progressing on the consolidation and integration of the existing services, on the implementation the Collaborative Data Infrastructure (or CDI) architecture with support for metadata and a HTTP API, and on addressing requirements within the service building requirements procedure established in the first year. Further, the service building activities have been supplemented by an approach to define and use Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) as used by the European Commission within the EUDAT CDI and services. An initial assessment has been made to define TLR levels on current EUDAT services, either in production or in development.

This document presents the work done by WP8 to produce a generic framework that allows the EUDAT CDI services to appropriately handle dynamic data. We propose a generic HTTP API to allow services to model the dynamic data lifecycle of research communities, present extensions to the Generic Execution Framework and discuss optimizations to data transfers and storage. We also discuss a proof-of-concept prototype for a dynamic data-enabled archival service based on the HTTP API and discuss the results obtained when using it to replicate a real use case.

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the activities related to building data management services and of the architectural discussions about the EUDAT Common Data Infrastructure (CDI) that were conducted during the first year of the EUDAT2020 project. The service building activities concentrated on the consolidation and integration of the existing EUDAT services and on the uptake of new community requirements initiated from the community uptake plans and data pilots or as a result from Joint Result Activities (JRA). The discussions about the architecture of the EUDAT CDI focused on the definition of the data model used, the layered architecture and the support for metadata within the CDI. In addition, a service building roadmap was defined to facilitate communication between EUDAT and the communities and project enablers about new releases of the services and supported functionalities – the roadmap is updated every half year. Furthermore, a procedure for identifying the requirements for new or proposed services was established – this will make it easier to adapt the EUDAT CDI network to any new requirements in an agile way.

The working group on Persistent Identifier Information Types of the Research Data Alliance concerned itself with the essential types of information associated with persistent identifiers. The working group developed a conceptual model for structuring typed information, an application programming interface for access to typed information and a demonstrator implementing the interface. The final deliverable consists of a summarizing report, the interface specification and a set of exemplary types.

A concept to combine DOIs on data collections suitable for citation and analysis of data impact with user-defined PID collections specifying the data subset used in a publication for data traceability is presented at EGU 2013., EGU 2013 poster with abstract_id=EGU2013-4254-1 presented in session ESSI2.4 'Managing data and models: full lifecycle, uncertainty and large scale analytics'

Multiple recommendations of the Research Data Alliance (RDA) can be combined to help improve workflows in research infrastructures related to the management of FAIR Digital Objects. In the concrete example given, the background motivational case is from climate research data and its supporting infrastructure services, but other cases have been part of RDA discussions. More specifically, the presentation shows how under the umbrella of the Data Fabric concept, the recommendations of PID Kernel Information, Data Type Registries and Research Data Collections can be leveraged to support object management. Persistent Identifiers (PIDs), metadata and knowledge graphs built with them are key concepts that are part of such a solution., {"references":["Weigel, Tobias, Almas, Bridget, Baumgardt, Frederik, Zastrov, Thomas, Schwardmann, Ulrich, Hellström, Maggie, Quinteros, Javier, Fleischer, Dirk. (2017, November 14). RDA Research Data Collections WG Recommendations (Version 1.0). http://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00022","Weigel, Tobias, DiLauro, Timothy, & Zastrow, Thomas. (2015, October 10). PID Information Types WG final deliverable. http://doi.org/10.15497/FDAA09D5-5ED0-403D-B97A-2675E1EBE786","Lannom, Larry, Broeder, Daan, & Manepalli, Giridhar. (2015, April 30). RDA Data Type Registries Working Group Output. http://doi.org/10.15497/A5BCD108-ECC4-41BE-91A7-20112FF77458","Weigel, T., Plale, B., Parsons, M., Zhou, G., Luo, Y., Schwardmann, U., Quick, R., Hellström, M., Kurakawa, K. (2018). RDA Recommendation on PID Kernel Information (Version 1). https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00031"]}