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Contains fulltext : 286832.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Direct evaluation of vascular inflammation in patients with COVID-19 would facilitate more efficient trials of new treatments and identify patients at risk of long-term complications who might respond to treatment. We aimed to develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis platform that quantifies cytokine-driven vascular inflammation from routine CT angiograms, and sought to validate its prognostic value in COVID-19. METHODS: For this prospective outcomes validation study, we developed a radiotranscriptomic platform that uses RNA sequencing data from human internal mammary artery biopsies to develop novel radiomic signatures of vascular inflammation from CT angiography images. We then used this platform to train a radiotranscriptomic signature (C19-RS), derived from the perivascular space around the aorta and the internal mammary artery, to best describe cytokine-driven vascular inflammation. The prognostic value of C19-RS was validated externally in 435 patients (331 from study arm 3 and 104 from study arm 4) admitted to hospital with or without COVID-19, undergoing clinically indicated pulmonary CT angiography, in three UK National Health Service (NHS) trusts (Oxford, Leicester, and Bath). We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of C19-RS for death in hospital due to COVID-19, did sensitivity analyses based on dexamethasone treatment, and investigated the correlation of C19-RS with systemic transcriptomic changes. FINDINGS: Patients with COVID-19 had higher C19-RS than those without (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2·97 [95% CI 1·43-6·27], p=0·0038), and those infected with the B.1.1.7 (alpha) SARS-CoV-2 variant had higher C19-RS values than those infected with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant (adjusted OR 1·89 [95% CI 1·17-3·20] per SD, p=0·012). C19-RS had prognostic value for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 in two testing cohorts (high [≥6·99] vs low [

Recently, deep neural network models have achieved promising results in image captioning task. Yet, "vanilla" sentences, only describing shallow appearances (e.g., types, colors), generated by current works are not satisfied netizen style resulting in lacking engagements, contexts, and user intentions. To tackle this problem, we propose Netizen Style Commenting (NSC), to automatically generate characteristic comments to a user-contributed fashion photo. We are devoted to modulating the comments in a vivid "netizen" style which reflects the culture in a designated social community and hopes to facilitate more engagement with users. In this work, we design a novel framework that consists of three major components: (1) We construct a large-scale clothing dataset named NetiLook, which contains 300K posts (photos) with 5M comments to discover netizen-style comments. (2) We propose three unique measures to estimate the diversity of comments. (3) We bring diversity by marrying topic models with neural networks to make up the insufficiency of conventional image captioning works. Experimenting over Flickr30k and our NetiLook datasets, we demonstrate our proposed approaches benefit fashion photo commenting and improve image captioning tasks both in accuracy and diversity., Comment: The Web Conference (WWW) 2018

Background and Purpose— Large artery intracranial occlusive disease (LAICOD) is a predominant cause of ischemic stroke in China. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and presence of carotid plaque are also related to subsequent ischemic stroke. However, the correlation between these and LAICOD is less clear. Methods— This was a community-based cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent carotid duplex ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler. Mean CIMT value of bilateral common carotid arteries was used. Plaque was defined as a focal CIMT of >1.5 mm. LAICOD in transcranial Doppler was defined by peak systolic velocity and age, and presence of turbulence or musical sound was also considered. Results— For the 537 subjects studied (mean age, 54.7±10.1 years; 46.9% males), mean CIMT was 0.74±0.12 mm, with the 75th percentile of 0.80 mm. CIMT ≥1.0 mm was identified in 13 subjects (2.4%). Plaques were detected in 79 subjects (14.7%). Compared with those without LAICOD, the 48 subjects (8.9%) with LAICOD had greater CIMTs (0.77±0.09 versus 0.73±0.12 mm; P =0.044), more with CIMT of higher quartiles ( P =0.007), and more with carotid plaques (25.0% versus 13.7%; P =0.035). However, after adjusting for confounding factors, CIMT and presence of carotid plaque were not significantly associated with LAICOD. Conclusions— The results suggest that CIMT and presence of carotid plaque probably are not independently correlated with LAICOD in Chinese community residents, which supported the existence of pathologic and pathophysiologic differences in atherogenesis of intra- and extracranial arteries.

Riemerella anatipestifer is the causative agent of polyserositis of ducks and geese. We have previously reported that a 3.9-kb plasmid, pCFC1, carries protein genes (vapD1 and vapD2) that are similar to virulence-associated genes of other bacteria. In the present study, we report the complete sequence of a second plasmid of 5.6 kb, pCFC2. pCFC2 has a 28% G-C content and three large open reading frames (ORFs). One of the ORFs (designated asVapD1) encodes a polypeptide that shares 53.9, 53.9, 48.3, 48.3 and 46.1% identity with virulence-associated proteins of Dichelobacter nodosus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Helicobacter pylori and Haemophilus influenzae, respectively. The second ORF encodes a putative DNA replication protein (RepA3) with 309 amino acids and a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa. A novel insertion sequence (IS) element, designated ISRa1, was found on the plasmid pCFC2. ISRa1 was flanked by 15-bp imperfect inverted repeats (only one mismatched nucleotide). ISRa1 contained an ORF encoding a putative transposase of 292 amino acids. Southern blot analysis indicated that in R. anatipestifer strains examined, ISRa1 was present with 2-20 copies (at least). ISRa1 displayed a sequence approximately 35% homologous to the putative IS982 and RSBst-alpha from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris SK11 and Bacillus stearothermophilus CU21. Three hybridization patterns of genomic DNA of eight R. anatipestifer strains with an ISRa1 probe indicated that ISRa1 might be a useful tool for epidemiological studies.

Background: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive method used to augment cerebral perfusion but the optimal use of ECP in ischemic stroke has not been well documented. We aim to investigate the effects of increasing ECP treatment pressure on cerebral blood flow and blood pressure (BP). Methods: We recruited 38 acute ischemic stroke patients with large artery occlusive disease and 20 healthy elderly. Mean cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) of bilateral middle cerebral artery were monitored using transcranial dopper. Continuous beat-to-beat BP was measured via finger cuffs. We started ECP treatment pressure from 150mmHg, then gradually increased to 187.5mmHg, 225mmHg and 262.5mmHg. CBFV and BP were recorded before ECP and during each pressure increment respectively for 3 minutes. CBFV data of patients was analyzed based on whether it was ipsilateral or contralateral to the infarct. Results: Median NIHSS of stroke patients was 5.5 and mean time after stroke onset was 5.24 days. Mean BP was significantly elevated from baseline in both groups after ECP started. BP increase percentages of two groups similarly kept augmented following raised ECP pressure and reach maximium at 262.5mmHg (patients 16.9% vs. controls 16.52% compared with baseline). Under different ECP pressures, ipsilateral mean CBFV of stroke patients increased 5.15% (150mmHg), 4.35% (187.5mmHg), 4.55% (225mmHg) and 3.52% (262.5mmHg) from baseline. All were significantly higher than baseline but did not differ among different pressures. Contralateral mean CBFV changed likewise (5.16%, 4.02%, 3.7% and 3.34% increase from baseline). Mean CBFV of controls under ECP pressures did not increase from baseline. Conclusion: The increasing treatment pressure of external counterpulsation continuously augments blood pressure but not cerebral blood flow velocity of ischemic stroke patients with large artery occlusive disease. Cerebral blood flow velocity of stroke patients significantly increases from baseline under ECP pressure of 150mmHg but it reaches a plateau as ECP pressure further raises. Among 4 ECP pressures above, 150mmHg is the optimal treatment pressure for ischemic stroke due to higher risks of hypertension-related complications in acute stroke with higher ECP pressure.

Carotid atherosclerosis should not be neglected as a cause for stroke in China, despite its low prevalence. This study was performed to evaluate the association between ultrasonographic markers for different stages of carotid atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome.This was a community-based study in Hong Kong. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more of the following conditions or receiving specific treatment for these conditions: Abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and impaired fasting blood glucose. All subjects underwent carotid duplex ultrasonography. Mean carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) of bilateral common carotid arteries was used as the CIMT value for a single subject. CIMT within the 4(th) quartile was regarded as increased CIMT. Carotid plaque was defined as a focal CIMT of1.5 mm. A carotid plaque obstructing ≥50% of vessel lumen was considered as carotid stenosis.A total of 653 subjects (mean age 55.1±10.4; 47.2% male) were recruited. Metabolic syndrome was found in 188 (28.8%) subjects (30.8% in males and 27.0% in females). Mean CIMT was 0.74±0.12 mm. Increased CIMT, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis were detected in 163 (25.0%), 95 (14.5%), and 6 (1.4%) subjects, respectively. In multivariate linear regression, CIMT significantly increased with increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome components (P0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, metabolic syndrome was independently associated with increased CIMT [odds ratio (OR) 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.64; P=0.014), but not presence of carotid plaque (OR 1.50; 95% CI 0.92-2.46; P=0.108).Metabolic syndrome may be independently associated with the early stage but not the later and advanced stages of carotid atherosclerosis in community residents in China.

Background and Purpose— An ethnic extraintracranial difference in atherosclerosis has been well reported, whereas the potential mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate neurovascular coupling in healthy whites and Asians. Methods — Twenty volunteers of each ethnicity were recruited to perform a functional transcranial Doppler examination with standardized checkerboard patterns as visual stimulation (3×4, 6×8, and 12×16 checks subtending a visual field section of 18°×24°, flicker rate 1 Hz). Hemodynamic responses in both posterior cerebral arteries were evaluated with a control system approach. Results— The rate time, that is, the initial speed of flow velocity adaptation, was significantly lower in Asians leading to an approximately 2-second delayed hemodynamic adaptation. The other hemodynamic parameters and the dependency of hemodynamic responses in regard to the complexity degree of the stimulus were similar between groups. Conclusion— The constellation suggests a greater initial mismatch between functionally increased metabolic demand of neurons and adjusted cerebral blood flow in Asians.

Storm beach buffer, being different from the coastal set back currently in place in many countries in the world, is the provision of a sufficient beach width to safe guard against the onslaught of a fierce storm. The extent of this requirement is tentatively assessed using the SBEACH module in the CEDAS package. The inputs for the SBEACH module include berm width, medium sand grain diameter, beach slope, design water level and wave conditions; while the outputs consist of a range of characteristic parameters for the change in beach profile, especially berm erosion and bar formation resulting from a storm of different return periods. After having systematically performed a series of numerical studies, we may conclude that: (1) Berm erosion increases and bar becomes further offshore as the storm return period increases on a beach with identical sand grain size (i.e., non-dimensional fall velocity), or as sand grain dimension reduces; (2) Higher storm waves result in a larger bar to form quicker and cause wave breaking on the bar crest which could reduce the wave energy and limit the extent of the subsequent berm erosion; (3) Empirical equations can be derived to calculate the storm beach buffer width; and (4) A larger buffer is required for a beach with smaller sand grain, in order to effectively absorb the storm wave energy. The results presented in this paper can be used to assist in a beach nourishment project for shore protection and the design of a recreational beach.