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1. High-fidelity universal gates in the $^{171}$Yb ground state nuclear spin qubit

Author

Muniz, J. A., Stone, M., Stack, D. T., Jaffe, M., Kindem, J. M., Wadleigh, L., Zalys-Geller, E., Zhang, X., Chen, C. -A., Norcia, M. A., Epstein, J., Halperin, E., Hummel, F., Wilkason, T., Li, M., Barnes, K., Battaglino, P., Bohdanowicz, T. C., Booth, G., Brown, A., Brown, M. O., Cairncross, W. B., Cassella, K., Coxe, R., Crow, D., Feldkamp, M., Griger, C., Heinz, A., Jones, A. M. W., Kim, H., King, J., Kotru, K., Lauigan, J., Marjanovic, J., Megidish, E., Meredith, M., McDonald, M., Morshead, R., Narayanaswami, S., Nishiguchi, C., Paule, T., Pawlak, K. A., Pudenz, K. L., Pérez, D. Rodríguez, Ryou, A., Simon, J., Smull, A., Urbanek, M., van de Veerdonk, R. J. M., Vendeiro, Z., Wu, T. -Y., Xie, X., and Bloom, B. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Arrays of optically trapped neutral atoms are a promising architecture for the realization of quantum computers. In order to run increasingly complex algorithms, it is advantageous to demonstrate high-fidelity and flexible gates between long-lived and highly coherent qubit states. In this work, we demonstrate a universal high-fidelity gate-set with individually controlled and parallel application of single-qubit gates and two-qubit gates operating on the ground-state nuclear spin qubit in arrays of tweezer-trapped $^{171}$Yb atoms. We utilize the long lifetime, flexible control, and high physical fidelity of our system to characterize native gates using single and two-qubit Clifford and symmetric subspace randomized benchmarking circuits with more than 200 CZ gates applied to one or two pairs of atoms. We measure our two-qubit entangling gate fidelity to be 99.72(3)% (99.40(3)%) with (without) post-selection. In addition, we introduce a simple and optimized method for calibration of multi-parameter quantum gates. These results represent important milestones towards executing complex and general quantum computation with neutral atoms.

Published
2024

2. Search for the $K_{L} \to \pi^{0} \nu \bar{\nu}$ Decay at the J-PARC KOTO Experiment

Author

KOTO Collaboration, Ahm, J. K., Farriagton, M., Gonzalez, M., Grethen, N., Hanai, K., Hara, N., Haraguchi, H., Hsiung, Y. B., Inagaki, T., Katayama, M., Kato, T., Kawata, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, H. M., Kitagawa, A., Komatsubara, T. K., Kotera, K., Lee, S. K., Li, X., Lim, G. Y., Lin, C., Luo, Y., Mari, T., Matsumura, T., Morioka, I., Nanjo, H., Nishimiya, H., Noichi, Y., Nomura, T., Ono, K., Osugi, M., Paschos, P., Redeker, J., Sato, T., Sato, Y., Shibata, T., Shimizu, N., Shinkawa, T., Shiomi, K., Shiraishi, R., Suzuki, S., Tajima, Y., Taylor, N., Tung, Y. C., Wah, Y. W., Watanabe, H., Wu, T., Yamanaka, T., and Yoshida, H. Y.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We performed a search for the $K_L \to \pi^{0} \nu \bar{\nu}$ decay using the data taken in 2021 at the J-PARC KOTO experiment. With newly installed counters and new analysis method, the expected background was suppressed to $0.252\pm0.055_{\mathrm{stat}}$$^{+0.052}_{-0.067}$$_{\mathrm{syst}}$. With a single event sensitivity of $(9.33 \pm 0.06_{\rm stat} \pm 0.84_{\rm syst})\times 10^{-10}$, no events were observed in the signal region. An upper limit on the branching fraction for the decay was set to be $2.2\times10^{-9}$ at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), which improved the previous upper limit from KOTO by a factor of 1.4. With the same data, a search for $K_L \to \pi^{0} X^{0}$ was also performed, where $X^{0}$ is an invisible boson with a mass ranging from 1 MeV/$c^{2}$ to 260 MeV/$c^{2}$. For $X^{0}$ with a mass of 135 MeV/$c^{2}$, an upper limit on the branching fraction of $K_L \to \pi^{0} X^{0}$ was set to be $1.6\times10^{-9}$ at the 90% C.L., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; submitted for publication

Published
2024

3. Spin-stripe order tied to the pseudogap phase in La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4

Author

Missiaen, A., Mayaffre, H., Krämer, S., Zhao, D., Zhou, Y. B., Wu, T., Chen, X. H., Pyon, S., Takayama, T., Takagi, H., LeBoeuf, D., and Julien, M. -H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Although spin and charge stripes in high-Tc cuprates have been extensively studied, the exact range of carrier concentration over which they form a static order remains uncertain, complicating efforts to understand their significance. In La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) and in zero external magnetic field, static spin stripes are confined to a doping range well below p*, the pseudogap boundary at zero temperature. However, when high fields suppress the competing effect of superconductivity, spin stripe order is found to extend up to p*. Here, we investigated La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4 (Eu-LSCO) using 139La nuclear magnetic resonance and observe field-dependent spin fluctuations suggesting a similar competition between superconductivity and spin order as in LSCO. Nevertheless, we find that static spin stripes are present practically up to p* irrespective of field strength: the stronger stripe order in Eu-LSCO prevents superconductivity from enforcing a non-magnetic ground state, except very close to p*. Thus, spin-stripe order is consistently bounded by p* in both LSCO and Eu-LSCO, despite their differing balances between stripe order and superconductivity. This indicates that the canonical stripe order, where spins and charges are intertwined in a static pattern, is fundamentally tied to the pseudogap phase. Any stripe order beyond the pseudogap endpoint must then be of a different nature: either spin and charge orders remain intertwined, but both fluctuating, or only spin order fluctuates while charge order remains static. The presence of spin-stripe order up to p*, the pervasive, slow, and field-dependent spin-stripe fluctuations, as well as the electronic inhomogeneity documented in this work, must all be carefully considered in discussions of Fermi surface transformations, quantum criticality, and strange metal behavior.

Published
2024

4. Spin freezing induced giant exchange bias in a doped Hund's metal

Author

Li, S. J., Zhao, D., Li, J., Kang, B. L., Shan, M., Zhou, Y. B., Li, X. Y., Wu, T., and Chen, X. H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Exchange bias (EB) is a fundamental phenomenon in widespread information technologies. However, a comprehensive understanding of its microscopic origin remains a great challenge. One key issue in the debate is the role of frustration and disorder in the EB mechanism, which motivates the exploration of the EB effect in spin glass (SG) systems. Here,in the SG state of Cr-doped Hund's metal CsFe2As2, we discover a giant EB effect with a maximum bias field of ~ 2 Tesla, which is almost two orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional alloy SGs. Our results indicate that the giant EB effect should originate from the exchange interactions at the natural boundaries between the tunable ferromagnetic-like (FM) regions around Cr dopants and the SG matrix, via which the FM spins are strongly pinned by the frozen spins in the SG matrix. In addition, the temperature-dependent and cooling-field-dependent EB behaviors could be interpreted well by the SG model with frustrated FM/SG boundaries, which provides an intuitive and explicit understanding of the impact of glassy parameters on the EB effect. All these results suggest that the correlated metals are promising directions for exploring the EB effect in the SG state., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures,Supplementary information available on request

Published
2024

5. A Multi-Messenger Search for Exotic Field Emission with a Global Magnetometer Network

Author

Khamis, Sami S., Sulai, Ibrahim A., Hamilton, Paul, Afach, S., Buchler, B. C., Budker, D., Figueroa, N. L., Folman, R., Gavilán-Martín, D., Givon, M., Grujić, Z. D., Guo, H., Hedges, M. P., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Kim, D., Klinger, E., Kornack, T., Kryemadhi, A., Kukowski, N., Lukasiewicz, G., Masia-Roig, H., Padniuk, M., Palm, C. A., Park, S. Y., Peng, X., Pospelov, M., Pustelny, S., Rosenzweig, Y., Ruimi, O. M., Segura, P. C., Scholtes, T., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shin, Y. C., Stalnaker, J. E., Tandon, D., Weis, A., Wickenbrock, A., Wilson, T., Wu, T., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present an analysis method to search for exotic low-mass field (ELF) bursts generated during large energy astrophysical events such as supernovae, binary black hole or binary neutron star mergers, and fast radio bursts using the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME). In our model, the associated gravitational waves or electromagnetic signals herald the arrival of the ELF burst that interacts via coupling to the spin of fermions in the magnetometers. This enables GNOME to serve as a tool for multi-messenger astronomy. The algorithm employs a model-agnostic excess-power method to identify network-wide candidate events to be subjected to a model-dependent generalized likelihood-ratio test to determine their statistical significance. We perform the first search with this technique on GNOME data coincident with the binary black hole merger S200311bg detected by LIGO/Virgo on the 11th of March 2020 and find no significant events. We place the first lab-based limits on combinations of ELF production and coupling parameters.

Published
2024

6. Some results on total weight choosability

Author

Wu, T., Luo, J., and Gao, Y.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called $(k,k')$-choosable if for any total list assignment $L$ which assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $L(v)$ of $k$ real numbers, and assigns to each edge $e$ a set $L(e)$ of $k'$ real numbers, there is a mapping $f:V\cup E\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(y)\in L(y)$ for any $y\in V\cup E$ and for any two adjacent vertices $v, v'$, $\sum_{e\in E(v)}f(e)+f(v)\neq \sum_{e\in E(v')}f(e)+f(v')$, where $E(x)$ denotes the set of incident edges of a vertex $x\in V(G)$. In this paper, we characterize a sufficient condition on $(1,2)$-choosable of graphs. We show that every connected $(n,m)$-graph is both $(2,2)$-choosable and $(1,3)$-choosable if $m=n$ or $n+1$, where $(n,m)$-graph denotes the graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Furthermore, we prove that some graphs obtained by some graph operations are $(2,2)$-choosable.

Published
2024

8. Solution to an open problem on Laplacian ratio

Author

Wu, T.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Let G be a graph. The Laplacian ratio of G is the permanent of the Laplacian matrix of G divided by the product of degrees of all vertices. The computational complexity of Laplacian ratio is #P-complete. Brualdi and Goldwasser studied systematicly the properties of Laplacian ratios of graphs. And they proposed an open problem: what is the minimum value of the Laplacian ratios of trees with n vertices having diameter at least k ? In this paper, we give a solution to the problem.

Published
2024

9. Ultrafast terahertz field control of the emergent magnetic and electronic interactions at oxide interfaces

Author

Derrico, A. M., Basini, M., Unikandanunni, V., Paudel, J. R., Kareev, M., Terilli, M., Wu, T. -C., Alostaz, A., Klewe, C., Shafer, P., Gloskovskii, A., Schlueter, C., Schneider, C. M., Chakhalian, J., Bonetti, S., and Gray, A. X.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Ultrafast electric-field control of emergent electronic and magnetic states at oxide interfaces offers exciting prospects for the development of new generations of energy-efficient devices. Here, we demonstrate that the electronic structure and emergent ferromagnetic interfacial state in epitaxial LaNiO3/CaMnO3 superlattices can be effectively controlled using intense single-cycle THz electric-field pulses. We employ a combination of polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy with magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity to measure a detailed magneto-optical profile and thickness of the ferromagnetic interfacial layer. Then, we use time-resolved and temperature-dependent magneto-optical Kerr effect, along with transient optical reflectivity and transmissivity measurements, to disentangle multiple correlated electronic and magnetic processes driven by ultrafast high-field (~1 MV/cm) THz pulses. These processes include an initial sub-picosecond electronic response, consistent with non-equilibrium Joule heating; a rapid (~270 fs) demagnetization of the ferromagnetic interfacial layer, driven by THz-field-induced nonequilibrium spin-polarized currents; and subsequent multi-picosecond dynamics, possibly indicative of a change in the magnetic state of the superlattice due to the transfer of spin angular momentum to the lattice. Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay of electronic and magnetic phenomena in this strongly correlated material system, suggesting a promising avenue for efficient control of two-dimensional ferromagnetic states at oxide interfaces using ultrafast electric-field pulses.

Published
2024

10. Deconstructing the spin susceptibility of a cuprate superconductor

Author

Zhou, R., Vinograd, I., Hirata, M., Wu, T., Mayaffre, H., Krämer, S., Hardy, W. N., Liang, R., Bonn, D. A., Loew, T., Porras, J., Keimer, B., and Julien, M. -H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

A major obstacle to understanding high-Tc cuprates is that superconductivity precludes observing normal-state properties at low temperatures. One prime example is the normal-state spin susceptibility: although its decrease upon cooling far above Tc typifies pseudogap behavior, its behavior at low temperatures is generally unknown. Here, our measurements in high magnetic fields expose the spin susceptibility of YBa2Cu3Oy down to low temperatures. Even though superconductivity is suppressed by the field, we uncover two thermally-activated contributions alongside a residual susceptibility at T=0 due to gapless excitations. We relate these two distinct gaps to short-range charge-density waves and to the formation of spin singlets similar to those found in certain quantum spin systems. These phenomena thus collectively contribute to the pseudogap in the spin susceptibility at low temperature, supplementing short-lived antiferromagnetism known to initiate pseudogap behavior at high temperatures. We therefore propose that the pseudogap should be regarded as a composite property.

Published
2024

11. Iterative assembly of $^{171}$Yb atom arrays with cavity-enhanced optical lattices

Author

Norcia, M. A., Kim, H., Cairncross, W. B., Stone, M., Ryou, A., Jaffe, M., Brown, M. O., Barnes, K., Battaglino, P., Bohdanowicz, T. C., Brown, A., Cassella, K., Chen, C. -A., Coxe, R., Crow, D., Epstein, J., Griger, C., Halperin, E., Hummel, F., Jones, A. M. W., Kindem, J. M., King, J., Kotru, K., Lauigan, J., Li, M., Lu, M., Megidish, E., Marjanovic, J., McDonald, M., Mittiga, T., Muniz, J. A., Narayanaswami, S., Nishiguchi, C., Paule, T., Pawlak, K. A., Peng, L. S., Pudenz, K. L., Perez, D. Rodriguez, Smull, A., Stack, D., Urbanek, M., van de Veerdonk, R. J. M., Vendeiro, Z., Wadleigh, L., Wilkason, T., Wu, T. -Y., Xie, X., Zalys-Geller, E., Zhang, X., and Bloom, B. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Assembling and maintaining large arrays of individually addressable atoms is a key requirement for continued scaling of neutral-atom-based quantum computers and simulators. In this work, we demonstrate a new paradigm for assembly of atomic arrays, based on a synergistic combination of optical tweezers and cavity-enhanced optical lattices, and the incremental filling of a target array from a repetitively filled reservoir. In this protocol, the tweezers provide microscopic rearrangement of atoms, while the cavity-enhanced lattices enable the creation of large numbers of optical traps with sufficient depth for rapid low-loss imaging of atoms. We apply this protocol to demonstrate near-deterministic filling (99% per-site occupancy) of 1225-site arrays of optical traps. Because the reservoir is repeatedly filled with fresh atoms, the array can be maintained in a filled state indefinitely. We anticipate that this protocol will be compatible with mid-circuit reloading of atoms into a quantum processor, which will be a key capability for running large-scale error-corrected quantum computations whose durations exceed the lifetime of a single atom in the system., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

12. TESS Cycle 2 observations of roAp stars with 2-min cadence data

Author

Holdsworth, D. L., Cunha, M. S., Lares-Martiz, M., Kurtz, D. W., Antoci, V., Forteza, S. Barceló, De Cat, P., Derekas, A., Kayhan, C., Ozuyar, D., Skarka, M., Hey, D. R., Shi, F., Bowman, D. M., Kobzar, O., Gómez, A. Ayala, Bognár, Zs., Buzasi, D. L., Ebadi, M., Fox-Machado, L., Hernández, A. García, Ghasemi, H., Guzik, J. A., Handberg, R., Handler, G., Hasanzadeh, A., Jayaraman, R., Khalack, V., Kochukhov, O., Lovekin, C. C., Mikołajczyk, P., Mkrtichian, D., Murphy, S. J., Niemczura, E., Olafsson, B. G., Pascual-Granado, J., Paunzen, E., Posiłek, N., Safari, A. Ramón-Ballesta H., Samadi-Ghadim, A., Smalley, B., Sódor, Á., Stateva, I., Suárez, J. C., Szabó, R., Wu, T., Ziaali, E., Zong, W., and Seager, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a systematic search of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 2-min cadence data for new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars observed during the Cycle 2 phase of its mission. We find seven new roAp stars previously unreported as such and present the analysis of a further 25 roAp stars that are already known. Three of the new stars show multiperiodic pulsations, while all new members are rotationally variable stars, leading to almost 70 per cent (22) of the roAp stars presented being $\alpha^2$ CVn-type variable stars. We show that targeted observations of known chemically peculiar stars are likely to overlook many new roAp stars, and demonstrate that multi-epoch observations are necessary to see pulsational behaviour changes. We find a lack of roAp stars close to the blue edge of the theoretical roAp instability strip, and reaffirm that mode instability is observed more frequently with precise, space-based observations. In addition to the Cycle 2 observations, we analyse TESS data for all known roAp stars. This amounts to 18 further roAp stars observed by TESS. Finally, we list six known roAp stars that TESS is yet to observe. We deduce that the incidence of roAp stars amongst the Ap star population is just 5.5 per cent, raising fundamental questions about the conditions required to excite pulsations in Ap stars. This work, coupled with our previous work on roAp stars in Cycle 1 observations, presents the most comprehensive, homogeneous study of the roAp stars in the TESS nominal mission, with a collection of 112 confirmed roAp stars in total., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 32 Pages, 2 Tables, 77 Figures

Published
2023

13. Emergent spin-glass state in the doped Hund's metal CsFe2As2

Author

Li, S. J., Zhao, D., Wang, S., Cui, S. T., Wang, N. Z., Li, J., Song, D. W., Kang, B. L., Zheng, L. X., Nie, L. P., Wu, Z. M., Zhou, Y. B., Shan, M., Sun, Z., Wu, T., and Chen, X. H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Hund's metal is one kind of correlated metal, in which the electronic correlation is strongly influenced by the Hund's interaction. At high temperatures, while the charge and orbital degrees of freedom are quenched, the spin degrees of freedom can persist in terms of frozen moments. As temperature decreases, a coherent electronic state with characteristic orbital differentiation always emerges at low temperatures through an incoherent-to-coherent crossover, which has been widely observed in iron-based superconductors (e.g., iron selenides and AFe2As2 (A = K, Rb, Cs)). Consequently, the above frozen moments are "screened" by coupling to orbital degrees of freedom, leading to an emergent Fermi-liquid state. In contrast, the coupling among frozen moments should impede the formation of the Fermi-liquid state by competitive magnetic ordering, which is still unexplored in Hund's metal. Here, in the iron-based Hund's metal CsFe2As2, we adopt a chemical substitution at iron sites by Cr/Co atoms to explore the competitive magnetic ordering. By a comprehensive study of resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrate that the Fermi-liquid state is destroyed in Cr-doped CsFe2As2 by a spinfreezing transition below T_g ~ 22 K. Meanwhile, the evolution of charge degrees of freedom measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy also supports the competition between the Fermi-liquid state and spin-glass state., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023
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14. Evolution of self-organized structure, the internal transport barrier in the ion-temperature-gradient driven gyrokinetic turbulence

Author

Wang, S., Wang, Z., and Wu, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

Understanding the self-organization of the most promising internal transport barrier in fusion plasmas needs a long-time nonlinear gyrokinetic global simulation. The Neighboring Equilibrium Update method, which solves the secularity problem in a perturbative simulation and speeds up the numerical computation by more than 10 times. It is found that the internal transport barrier emerges at the magnetic axis due to inward propagated turbulence avalanche, and its outward expansion is the catastrophe of self-organized structure induced by outward propagated avalanche., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

15. Deciphering the Dynamics of EGFR-TKI Resistance in Lung Cancer: Insights from Bibliometric Analysis

Author

Zhou Y, Wu T, Sun J, Bi H, Xiao Y, Shao Y, Han W, and Wang H

Subjects
egfr-tki, resistance, lung cancer, bibliometric, citespace, vosviewer, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yinxue Zhou,1,* Tingyu Wu,2,* Jiaxing Sun,1 Huanhuan Bi,1 Yuting Xiao,1 Yanmei Shao,1 Weizhong Han,1 Hongmei Wang1 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiaxing Sun; Hongmei Wang, Email jiaxing20022001@163.com; dor.whm@163.comBackground: EGFR-TKI resistance poses a significant challenge in the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prompting extensive research into mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. In this study, we conduct a bibliometric analysis to elucidate evolving research hotspots and trends in EGFR-TKI resistance, offering insights for clinical interventions and scientific inquiries.Methods: Publications spanning from 1996 to 2024, focusing on EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC, were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer 1.6.19, CiteSpace 6.2. R2, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.35, we analyzed these articles to identify countries/regions and institutions, Journals, publications, key contributors, collaborations, and emerging topics.Results: An analysis of 8051 articles by 38,215 researchers from 86 countries shows growing interest in EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms. Since 1996, publications have steadily increased, surpassing 500 per year after 2016, with a sharp rise in citations. Research articles make up 84% of publications, emphasizing scholarly focus. Global collaboration, especially among researchers in China, the US, and Japan, is strong. Leading institutions like Dana-Farber and Harvard, along with journals such as “Lung Cancer”, are key in sharing findings. Professors Yi-Long Wu and William Pao are prominent contributors. Keyword analysis reveals core themes, including first-generation EGFR-TKIs, emerging agents like osimertinib, and research on the T790M mutation.Conclusion: EGFR-TKI resistance remains a critical issue in NSCLC treatment, driving ongoing research efforts worldwide. Focusing future research on clear identification of resistance mechanisms will guide post-resistance treatment strategies, necessitating further exploration, alongside the validation of emerging drugs through clinical trials. Moreover, “chemo+” treatments following EGFR-TKI resistance require more clinical data and real-world evidence for assessing safety and patient outcomes. As research advances, a multidisciplinary approach will be key to overcoming these challenges. Continued innovation in treatment could greatly enhance patient survival and quality of life.Keywords: EGFR-TKI, resistance, lung cancer, bibliometric, citespace, VOSviewer

Published
2024

16. Screening COPD-Related Biomarkers and Traditional Chinese Medicine Prediction Based on Bioinformatics and Machine Learning

Author

Cao Z, Zhao S, Hu S, Wu T, Sun F, and Shi L

Subjects
bioinformatics analysis, mendelian randomization, machine learning, copd, characteristic genes, targeted traditional chinese medicine, early diagnosis, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Zhenghua Cao,1 Shengkun Zhao,1 Shaodan Hu,2 Tong Wu,3 Feng Sun,2 LI Shi2 1Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 3Geriatric Department, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: LI Shi, Email shili0648@163.comPurpose: To employ bioinformatics and machine learning to predict the characteristics of immune cells and genes associated with the inflammatory response and ferroptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to aid in the development of targeted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Mendelian randomization analysis elucidates the causal relationships among immune cells, genes, and COPD, offering novel insights for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COPD. This approach also provides a fresh perspective on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for treating COPD.Methods: R software was used to extract COPD-related data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, differentially expressed genes were identified for enrichment analysis, and WGCNA was used to pinpoint genes within relevant modules associated with COPD. This analysis included determining genes linked to the inflammatory response in COPD patients and analyzing their correlation with ferroptosis. Further steps involved filtering core genes, constructing TF-miRNA‒mRNA network diagrams, and employing three types of machine learning to predict the core miRNAs, key immune cells, and characteristic genes of COPD patients. This process also delves into their correlations, single-gene GSEA, and diagnostic model predictions. Reverse inference complemented by molecular docking was used to predict compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for treating COPD; Mendelian randomization was applied to explore the causal relationships among immune cells, genes, and COPD.Results: We identified 2443 differential genes associated with COPD through the GEO database, along with 8435 genes relevant to WGCNA and 1226 inflammation-related genes. A total of 141 genes related to the inflammatory response in COPD patients were identified, and 37 core genes related to ferroptosis were selected for further enrichment analysis and analysis. The core miRNAs predicted for COPD include hsa-miR-543, hsa-miR-181c, and hsa-miR-200a, among others. The key immune cells identified were plasma cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, gamma delta T cells, activated NK cells, M2 macrophages, and eosinophils. Characteristic genes included EGF, PLG, PTPN22, and NR4A1. A total of 78 compounds and 437 traditional Chinese medicines were predicted. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between 36 types of immune cells and COPD, whereas no causal relationship was found between the core genes and COPD.Conclusion: A definitive causal relationship exists between immune cells and COPD, while the prediction of core miRNAs, key immune cells, characteristic genes, and targeted traditional Chinese medicines offers novel insights for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COPD.Keywords: bioinformatics analysis, Mendelian randomization, machine learning, COPD, characteristic genes, targeted traditional Chinese medicine, early diagnosis

Published
2024

21. Mid-circuit qubit measurement and rearrangement in a $^{171}$Yb atomic array

Author

Norcia, M. A., Cairncross, W. B., Barnes, K., Battaglino, P., Brown, A., Brown, M. O., Cassella, K., Chen, C. -A., Coxe, R., Crow, D., Epstein, J., Griger, C., Jones, A. M. W., Kim, H., Kindem, J. M., King, J., Kondov, S. S., Kotru, K., Lauigan, J., Li, M., Lu, M., Megidish, E., Marjanovic, J., McDonald, M., Mittiga, T., Muniz, J. A., Narayanaswami, S., Nishiguchi, C., Notermans, R., Paule, T., Pawlak, K., Peng, L., Ryou, A., Smull, A., Stack, D., Stone, M., Sucich, A., Urbanek, M., van de Veerdonk, R., Vendeiro, Z., Wilkason, T., Wu, T. -Y., Xie, X., Zhang, X., and Bloom, B. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Measurement-based quantum error correction relies on the ability to determine the state of a subset of qubits (ancillae) within a processor without revealing or disturbing the state of the remaining qubits. Among neutral-atom based platforms, a scalable, high-fidelity approach to mid-circuit measurement that retains the ancilla qubits in a state suitable for future operations has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we perform imaging using a narrow-linewidth transition in an array of tweezer-confined $^{171}$Yb atoms to demonstrate nondestructive state-selective and site-selective detection. By applying site-specific light shifts, selected atoms within the array can be hidden from imaging light, which allows a subset of qubits to be measured while causing only percent-level errors on the remaining qubits. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of conditional operations based on the results of the mid-circuit measurements, and of our ability to reuse ancilla qubits, we perform conditional refilling of ancilla sites to correct for occasional atom loss, while maintaining the coherence of data qubits. Looking towards true continuous operation, we demonstrate loading of a magneto-optical trap with a minimal degree of qubit decoherence., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023
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22. What can a GNOME do? Search targets for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches

Author

Afach, S., Tumturk, D. Aybas, Bekker, H., Buchler, B. C., Budker, D., Cervantes, K., Derevianko, A., Eby, J., Figueroa, N. L., Folman, R., Martin, D. Gavil'an, Givon, M., Grujic, Z. D., Guo, H., Hamilton, P., Hedges, M. P., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Khamis, S., Kim, D., Klinger, E., Kryemadhi, A., Liu, X., Lukasiewicz, G., Masia-Roig, H., Padniuk, M., Palm, C. A., Park, S. Y., Pearson, H. R., Peng, X., Pospelov, M., Pustelny, S., Rosenzweig, Y., Ruimi, O. M., Scholtes, T., Segura, P. C., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shin, Y. C., Smiga, J. A., Stadnik, Y. V., Stalnaker, J. E., Sulai, I. A., Tandon, D., Vu, K., Weis, A., Wickenbrock, A., Wilson, T. Z., Wu, T., Xiao, W., Yang, Y., Yu, D., Yu, F., Zhang, J., and Zhao, Y.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Numerous observations suggest that there exist undiscovered beyond-the-Standard-Model particles and fields. Because of their unknown nature, these exotic particles and fields could interact with Standard Model particles in many different ways and assume a variety of possible configurations. Here we present an overview of the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME), our ongoing experimental program designed to test a wide range of exotic physics scenarios. The GNOME experiment utilizes a worldwide network of shielded atomic magnetometers (and, more recently, comagnetometers) to search for spatially and temporally correlated signals due to torques on atomic spins from exotic fields of astrophysical origin. We survey the temporal characteristics of a variety of possible signals currently under investigation such as those from topological defect dark matter (axion-like particle domain walls), axion-like particle stars, solitons of complex-valued scalar fields (Q-balls), stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter fields, a solar axion-like particle halo, and bursts of ultralight bosonic fields produced by cataclysmic astrophysical events such as binary black hole mergers., Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Annalen der Physik

Published
2023
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23. Direct experimental evidence of tunable charge transfer at the $LaNiO_{3}/CaMnO_{3}$ ferromagnetic interface

Author

Paudel, J. R., Terilli, M., Wu, T. -C., Grassi, J. D., Derrico, A. M., Sah, R. K., Kareev, M., Klewe, C., Shafer, P., Gloskovskii, A., Schlueter, C., Strocov, V. N., Chakhalian, J., and Gray, A. X.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Interfacial charge transfer in oxide heterostructures gives rise to a rich variety of electronic and magnetic phenomena. Designing heterostructures where one of the thin-film components exhibits a metal-insulator transition opens a promising avenue for controlling such phenomena both statically and dynamically. In this letter, we utilize a combination of depth-resolved soft X-ray standing-wave and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies in conjunction with polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the effects of the metal-insulator transition in $LaNiO_{3}$ on the electronic and magnetic states at the $LaNiO_{3}/CaMnO_{3}$ interface. We report on a direct observation of the reduced effective valence state of the interfacial Mn cations in the metallic superlattice with an above-critical $LaNiO_{3}$ thickness (6 u.c.) due to the leakage of itinerant Ni 3d $e_{g}$ electrons into the interfacial $CaMnO_{3}$ layer. Conversely, in an insulating superlattice with a below-critical $LaNiO_{3}$ thickness of 2 u.c., a homogeneous effective valence state of Mn is observed throughout the $CaMnO_{3}$ layers due to the blockage of charge transfer across the interface. The ability to switch and tune interfacial charge transfer enables precise control of the emergent ferromagnetic state at the $LaNiO_{3}/CaMnO_{3}$ interface and, thus, has far-reaching consequences on the future strategies for the design of next-generation spintronic devices.

Published
2023

24. STCF Conceptual Design Report: Volume 1 -- Physics & Detector

Author

Achasov, M., Ai, X. C., Aliberti, R., An, L. P., An, Q., Bai, X. Z., Bai, Y., Bakina, O., Barnyakov, A., Blinov, V., Bobrovnikov, V., Bodrov, D., Bogomyagkov, A., Bondar, A., Boyko, I., Bu, Z. H., Cai, F. M., Cai, H., Cao, J. J., Cao, Q. H., Cao, Z., Chang, Q., Chao, K. T., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H., Chen, H. X., Chen, J. F., Chen, K., Chen, L. L., Chen, P., Chen, S. L., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Chen, S. P., Chen, W., Chen, X. F., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, H. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, S., Dai, J. P., Dai, L. Y., Dai, X. C., Dedovich, D., Denig, A., Denisenko, I., Ding, D. Z., Dong, L. Y., Dong, W. H., Druzhinin, V., Du, D. S., Du, Y. J., Du, Z. G., Duan, L. M., Epifanov, D., Fan, Y. L., Fang, S. S., Fang, Z. J., Fedotovich, G., Feng, C. Q., Feng, X., Feng, Y. T., Fu, J. L., Gao, J., Ge, P. S., Geng, C. Q., Geng, L. S., Gilman, A., Gong, L., Gong, T., Gradl, W., Gu, J. L., Escalante, A. G., Gui, L. C., Guo, F. K., Guo, J. C., Guo, J., Guo, Y. P., Guo, Z. H., Guskov, A., Han, K. L., Han, L., Han, M., Hao, X. Q., He, J. B., He, S. Q., He, X. G., He, Y. L., He, Z. B., Heng, Z. X., Hou, B. L., Hou, T. J., Hou, Y. R., Hu, C. Y., Hu, H. M., Hu, K., Hu, R. J., Hu, X. H., Hu, Y. C., Hua, J., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, M., Huang, Q. Y., Huang, W. Q., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. J., Huang, Y. B., Huang, Y. S., Hüsken, N., Ivanov, V., Ji, Q. P., Jia, J. J., Jia, S., Jia, Z. K., Jiang, H. B., Jiang, J., Jiang, S. Z., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jing, H. J., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Ke, B. C., Kenzie, M., Khoukaz, A., Koop, I., Kravchenko, E., Kuzmin, A., Lei, Y., Levichev, E., Li, C. H., Li, C., Li, D. Y., Li, F., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H., Li, H. N., Li, H. J., Li, H. L., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, L., Li, L. Y., Li, N., Li, P. R., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, T., Li, W. J., Li, X. H., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, Z. J., Liang, H., Liang, J. H., Liao, G. R., Liao, L. Z., Liao, Y., Lin, C. X., Lin, X. S., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. W., Liu, D., Liu, F., Liu, G. M., Liu, H. B., Liu, J., Liu, J. J., Liu, J. B., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Y. W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. L., Liu, Z. Q., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, Z. W., Logashenko, I., Long, Y., Lu, C. G., Lu, N., Lü, Q. F., Lu, Y., Lv, Z., Lukin, P., Luo, F. J., Luo, T., Luo, X. F., Lyu, H. J., Lyu, X. R., Ma, J. P., Ma, P., Ma, Y., Maas, F., Malde, S., Matvienko, D., Meng, Z. X., Mitchell, R., Dias, J. M., Nefediev, A., Nefedov, Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pan, X., Pan, Y., Passemar, E., Pei, Y. P., Peng, H. P., Peng, L., Peng, X. Y., Peng, X. J., Peters, K., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Qi, B. B., Qi, Y. Q., Qian, W. B., Qian, Y., Qiao, C. F., Qin, J. J., Qin, L. Q., Qin, X. S., Qiu, T. L., Rademacker, J., Redmer, C. F., Sang, H. Y., Saur, M., Shan, W., Shan, X. Y., Shang, L. L., Shao, M., Shekhtman, L., Shen, C. P., Shen, J. M., Shen, Z. T., Shi, H. C., Shi, X. D., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, Y., Song, Y. X., Sukharev, A., Sun, J. F., Sun, L., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Z. P., Tang, J., Tang, S. S., Tang, Z. B., Tian, C. H., Tian, J. S., Tikhonov, Y., Todyshev, K., Uglov, T., Vorobyev, V., Wan, B. D., Wang, B. L., Wang, B., Wang, D. Y., Wang, G. Y., Wang, G. L., Wang, H. L., Wang, J., Wang, J. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, M. L., Wang, R., Wang, S. B., Wang, W., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. C., Wang, X. D., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Y. L., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z. L., Wang, Z. G., Wei, D. H., Wei, X. L., Wei, X. M., Wen, Q. G., Wen, X. J., Wilkinson, G., Wu, B., Wu, J. J., Wu, L., Wu, P. W., Wu, T. W., Wu, Y. S., Xia, L., Xiang, T., Xiao, C. W., Xiao, D., Xiao, M., Xie, Y. H., Xing, Y., Xing, Z. Z., Xiong, X. N., Xu, F. R., Xu, J., Xu, L. L., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. C., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. C., Xu, Y. P., Xu, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Xuan, D. W., Xue, F. F., Yan, L., Yan, M. J., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, X. S., Yang, B. F., Yang, C., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. R., Yang, H. T., Yang, J. F., Yang, S. L., Yang, Y. D., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. S., Yang, Y. L., Yang, Z. Y., Yao, D. L., Yin, H., Yin, X. H., Yokozaki, N., You, S. Y., You, Z. Y., Yu, C. X., Yu, F. S., Yu, G. L., Yu, H. L., Yu, J. S., Yu, J. Q., Yuan, L., Yuan, X. B., Yue, Y. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, S., Zhang, A. L., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, G. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, H. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. G., Zhao, R. P., Zhao, Z. G., Zhao, Z. X., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, L., Zheng, Q. B., Zheng, R., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, X. H., Zhou, H. J., Zhou, H. Q., Zhou, H., Zhou, S. H., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, Y. L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhu, J. Y., Zhu, K., Zhu, R. D., Zhu, R. L., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Z. A., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zou, B. S., and Zuo, Y. B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Super $\tau$-Charm facility (STCF) is an electron-positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community. It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of $0.5\times 10^{35}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$ or higher. The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that by the present $\tau$-Charm factory -- the BEPCII, providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter (charge-parity violation), in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions, as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model. The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R\&D program. This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF, describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system, and discusses future plans for detector R\&D and physics case studies.

Published
2023
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25. Tanshinone IIA Promoted Autophagy and Inhibited Inflammation to Alleviate Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy

Author

Li Y, Wu T, Li H, Liu M, and Xu H

Subjects
tanshinone iia, podocyte, diabetic nephropathy, autophagy, inflammation, pi3k/akt/mtor signalling pathway, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Yuan Li,1 Tong Wu,1 Hongye Li,2 Mingming Liu,2 Haiyan Xu1 1School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China; 2Lianyungang Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222006, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Haiyan Xu, School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People’s Republic of China, Email xhy_8@163.comPurpose: Tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA) is widely used in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its protective effect on podocytes in DN has not been well studied. In this study, the effects of Tan-IIA on autophagy and inflammation of glomerular podocytes in DN were observed in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, is a representative medication for the clinical treatment of DN. So irbesartan was chosen as a positive control drug.Methods: Eight-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into a DN group, an irbesartan group, and three groups receiving different doses of Tan-IIA. The control group consisted of the db/m littermate mice. Blood, urine, and kidney samples were taken from the mice after 12 weeks of continuous administration. Renal protection of Tan-IIA was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, haematoxylin and eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the protective effect of Tan-IIA on podocytes was explored using MPC5 cells cultured with high glucose.Results: Tan-IIA significantly improved renal pathological injury and relieved the renal dysfunction in DN. Compared with the DN group, Tan-IIA could up-regulate the expression of Synaptopodin, Podocin, LC3II/I and Beclin-1 (p < 0.05), and down-regulate the expression of p62, F4/80, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05) both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that Tan-IIA treatment alleviated podocyte injury by promoting autophagy and inhibiting inflammation during DN. The levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR in Tan-IIA group were lower than those in DN group (p < 0.05), indicating that Tan-IIA inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in podocytes, which was a key pathway in regulating both autophagy and inflammation.Conclusion: Tan-IIA prevented podocyte injury in DN by fostering autophagy and inhibiting inflammation, at least in part via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.Keywords: tanshinone IIA, podocyte, diabetic nephropathy, autophagy, inflammation, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway

Published
2024

26. Pyroptosis-Related Genes as Diagnostic Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration

Author

Shu HM, Lin CQ, He B, Wang W, Wang L, Wu T, He HJ, Wang HJ, Zhou HP, and Ding GZ

Subjects
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pyroptosis, gene, biomarkers, immune infiltration, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Hong-Mei Shu,1,&ast; Chang-Qing Lin,1 Bei He,1 Wang Wang,1 Ling Wang,1 Ting Wu,1 Hai-Juan He,1 Hui-Juan Wang,1 He-Ping Zhou,2 Guo-Zheng Ding1,&ast; 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Neurosurgery Department, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anhui, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong-Mei Shu, Email shuxin501@163.comBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stands as a predominant cause of global morbidity and mortality. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) and COPD diagnosis in the context of immune infiltration, ultimately proposing a PRG-based diagnostic model for predicting COPD outcomes.Methods: Clinical data and PRGs of COPD patients were sourced from the GEO database. The “ConsensusClusterPlus” package was employed to generate molecular subtypes derived from PRGs that were identified through differential expression analysis and LASSO Cox analysis. A diagnostic signature including eight genes (CASP4, CASP5, ELANE, GPX4, NLRP1, GSDME, NOD1and IL18) was also constructed. Immune cell infiltration calculated by the ESTIMATE score, Stroma scores and Immune scores were also compared on the basis of pyroptosis-related molecular subtypes and the risk signature. We finally used qRT – PCR to detect the expression levels of eight genes in COPD patient and normal.Results: The diagnostic model, anchored on eight PRGs, underwent validation with an independent experimental cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) for the diagnostic model showcased values of 0.809, 0.765, and 0.956 for the GSE76925, GSE8545, and GSE5058 datasets, respectively. Distinct expression patterns and clinical attributes of PRGs were observed between the comparative groups, with functional analysis underscoring a disparity in immune-related functions between them.Conclusion: In this study, we developed a potential as diagnostic biomarkers for COPD and have a significant role in modulating the immune response. Such insights pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COPD.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pyroptosis, gene, biomarkers, immune Infiltration

Published
2024

28. Direct experimental evidence of tunable charge transfer at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 ferromagnetic interface

Author

Paudel, JR, Terilli, M, Wu, T-C, Grassi, JD, Derrico, AM, Sah, RK, Kareev, M, Wen, F, Klewe, C, Shafer, P, Gloskovskii, A, Schlueter, C, Strocov, VN, Chakhalian, J, and Gray, AX

Subjects
Engineering, Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Chemical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Interfacial charge transfer in oxide heterostructures gives rise to a rich variety of electronic and magnetic phenomena. Designing heterostructures where one of the thin-film components exhibits a metal-insulator transition opens a promising avenue for controlling such phenomena both statically and dynamically. In this work, we utilize a combination of depth-resolved soft x-ray standing-wave and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies in conjunction with polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the effects of the metal-insulator transition in LaNiO3 on the electronic and magnetic states at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 interface. We report a direct observation of the reduced effective valence state of the interfacial Mn cations in the metallic superlattice with an above-critical LaNiO3 thickness (6 unit cells, u.c.) facilitated by the charge transfer of itinerant Ni3deg electrons into the interfacial CaMnO3 layer. Conversely, in an insulating superlattice with a below-critical LaNiO3 thickness of 2u.c., a homogeneous effective valence state of Mn is observed throughout the CaMnO3 layers due to the blockage of charge transfer across the interface. The ability to switch and tune interfacial charge transfer enables precise control of the emergent ferromagnetic state at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 interface and, thus, has far-reaching consequences on the future strategies for the design of next-generation spintronic devices.

Published
2023

29. Tailoring iridescent visual appearance with disordered resonant metasurfaces

Author

Agreda, A., Wu, T., Hereu, A., Treguer-Delapierre, M., Drisko, G. L., Vynck, K., and Lalanne, P.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The nanostructures of natural species offer beautiful visual appearances with saturated and iridescent colors and the question arises whether we can reproduce or even create new appearances with man-made metasurfaces. However, harnessing the specular and diffuse light scattered by disordered metasurfaces to create attractive and prescribed visual effects is currently inaccessible. Here, we present an interpretive, intuitive and accurate modal-based tool that unveils the main physical mechanisms and features defining the appearance of colloidal disordered monolayers of resonant meta-atoms deposited on a reflective substrate. The model shows that the combination of plasmonic and Fabry-Perot resonances offers uncommon iridescent visual appearances, differing from those classically observed with natural nanostructures or thin-film interferences. We highlight an unusual visual effect exhibiting only two distinct colors and theoretically investigate its origin. The approach can be useful in the design of visual appearance with easy-to-make and universal building blocks having a large resilience to fabrication imperfections, and potential for innovative coatings and fine-art applications.

Published
2022

30. Shell helium-burning hot subdwarf B stars as candidates for blue large-amplitude pulsators

Author

Xiong, H., Casagrande, L., Chen, X., Vos, J., Zhang, X., Justham, S., Li, J., Wu, T., Li, Y., and Han, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) are a newly discovered type of variable star. Their typical pulsation periods are on the order of a few tens of minutes, with relatively large amplitudes of 0.2-0.4 mag in optical bands, and their rates of period changes are on the order of $10^{-7} yr^{-1}$ (both positive and negative). They are extremely rare objects and attempts to explain their origins and internal structures have attracted a great deal of attention. Previous studies have proposed that BLAPs may be pre-white dwarfs, with masses around $0.3M_\odot$, or core-helium-burning stars in the range of $\sim 0.7-1.1M_\odot$. In this work, we use a number of MESA models to compute and explore whether BLAPs could be explained as shell helium-burning subdwarfs type B (SHeB sdBs). The models that best match existing observational constraints have helium core masses in the range of $\sim 0.45-0.5M_\odot$. Our model predicts that the positive rate of period change may evolve to negative. The formation channels for SHeB sdBs involve binary evolution and although the vast majority of BLAPs do not appear to be binaries (with the exception of HD 133729), the observational constraints are still very poor. Motivated by these findings, we explored the Roche lobe overflow channel. Of the 304 binary evolution models we computed, about half of them are able to produce SHeB sdBs in long-period binaries that evade detection from the limited observations that are currently available., Comment: A&A accepted

Published
2022
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31. Search for the Pair Production of Dark Particles $X$ with $K_L^0 \to XX$, $X \to \gamma\gamma$

Author

Lin, C., Ahn, J. K., Choi, J. M., Farrington, M. S., Gonzalez, M., Grethen, N., Hsiung, Y. B., Inagaki, T., Kamiji, I., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. L., Kim, H. M., Kawata, K., Kitagawa, A., Komatsubara, T. K., Kotera, K., Lee, S. K., Lee, J. W., Lim, G. Y., Luo, Y., Matsumura, T., Nakagiri, K., Nanjo, H., Nomura, T., Ono, K., Redeker, J. C., Sato, T., Sasse, V., Shibata, T., Shimizu, N., Shinkawa, T., Shinohara, S., Shiomi, K., Shiraishi, R., Suzuki, S., Tajima, Y., Tung, Y. -C., Wah, Y. W., Watanabe, H., Wu, T., Yamanaka, T., and Yoshida, H. Y.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the first search for the pair production of dark particles $X$ via $K_L^0\to XX$ with $X$ decaying into two photons using the data collected by the KOTO experiment. No signal was observed in the mass range of 40 - 110 MeV/c$^2$ and 210 - 240 MeV/c$^2$. This sets upper limits on the branching fractions as $\mathcal{B}(K_L^0 \to XX)$ $<$ (1-4) $\times$ 10$^{-7}$ and $\mathcal{B}(K_L^0 \to XX)$ $<$ (1-2) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ at the 90% confidence level for the two mass regions, respectively.

Published
2022
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33. Mechanisms of Sorafenib Resistance in HCC Culture Relate to the Impaired Membrane Expression of Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1)

Author

Chava S, Ekmen N, Ferraris P, Aydin Y, Moroz K, Wu T, Thung SN, and Dash S

Subjects
hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), sorafenib, sorafenib resistance (sr), organic cation transporter-1 (oct1)., Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Srinivas Chava,1 Nergiz Ekmen,2 Pauline Ferraris,1 Yucel Aydin,2 Krzysztof Moroz,1 Tong Wu,1 Swan N Thung,3 Srikanta Dash1,2,4 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; 3Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 4Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USACorrespondence: Srikanta Dash, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA, Tel +1 504-988-2519, Fax +1 504-988-7389, Email sdash@tulane.eduIntroduction: Sorafenib, an FDA-approved drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, encounters resistance in many patients. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying sorafenib resistance is crucial for devising alternative strategies to overcome it.Aim: This study aimed to investigate sorafenib resistance mechanisms using a diverse panel of HCC cell lines.Methods: HCC cell lines were subjected to continuous sorafenib treatment, and stable cell lines (Huh 7.5 and Huh 7PX) exhibiting sustained growth in its presence were isolated. The investigation of drug resistance mechanisms involved a comparative analysis of drug-targeted signal transduction pathways (EGFR/RAF/MEK/ERK/Cyclin D), sorafenib uptake, and membrane expression of the drug uptake transporter.Results: HCC cell lines (Huh 7.5 and Huh 7PX) with a higher IC50 (10μM) displayed a more frequent development of sorafenib resistance compared to those with a lower IC50 (2– 4.8μM), indicating a potential impact of IC50 variation on initial treatment response. Our findings reveal that activated overexpression of Raf1 kinases and impaired sorafenib uptake, mediated by reduced membrane expression of organic cation transporter-1 (OCT1), contribute to sorafenib resistance in HCC cultures. Stable expression of the drug transporter OCT1 through cDNA transfection or adenoviral delivery of OCT1 mRNA increased sorafenib uptake and successfully overcame sorafenib resistance. Additionally, consistent with sorafenib resistance in HCC cultures, cirrhotic liver-associated human HCC tumors often exhibited impaired membrane expression of OCT1 and OCT3.Conclusion: Intrinsic differences among HCC cell clones, affecting sorafenib sensitivity at the expression level of Raf kinases, drug uptake, and OCT1 transporters, were identified. This study underscores the potential of HCC tumor targeted OCT1 expression to enhance sorafenib treatment response.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, CCA, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKI, organic cation transporter-1, OCT1, organic cation transporter-3, OCT3, sorafenib resistance cell lines, SR huh 7

Published
2024

34. A SARS-CoV-2 Nanobody Displayed on the Surface of Human Ferritin with High Neutralization Activity

Author

Zhang W, Wang H, Wu T, Gao X, Shang Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, and Li Y

Subjects
covid-19, ferritin, fenobody, baculovirus expression system, silkworm, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Wenrong Zhang,1,2,&ast; Haining Wang,1,&ast; Tong Wu,1 Xintao Gao,1 Yuting Shang,1 Zhifang Zhang,1 Xingjian Liu,1 Yinü Li1 1National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xingjian Liu; Yinü Li, Tel/Fax +861082109854 ; +861082105495, Email liuxingjian@caas.cn; liyinv@caas.cnPurpose: COVID-19 is rampant throughout the world, which has caused great damage to human lives and seriously hindered the development of the global economy. Aiming at the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, in this study, we proposed a novel fenobody strategy based on ferritin (Fe) self-assembly technology.Methods: The neutralizing nanobody H11-D4 of SARS-CoV-2 fused to the C-terminus of end-modified human ferritin was expressed in E. coli and silkworm baculovirus expression systems. A large number of nanoparticles were successfully self-assembled in silkworms, while relatively few nanoparticles can be observed in the treated products from E. coli by electron microscopy. Subsequently, the fenobody’s expression level and neutralizing activity were then evaluated.Results: The results showed that the IC50 of H11-D4 and fenobody Fe-H11-D4 expressed in E. coli were 171.1 nmol L− 1 and 20.87 nmol L− 1, respectively. However, the IC50 of Fe-HD11-D4 expressed in silkworms was 1.46 nmol L− 1 showing better neutralization activity.Conclusion: Therefore, fenobodies can be well self-assembled in silkworm baculovirus expression system, and ferritin self-assembly technology can effectively improve nanobody neutralization activity.Keywords: COVID-19, ferritin, fenobody, baculovirus expression system, silkworm

Published
2024

35. Efficacy and Safety of Conversion Surgery for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy

Author

Li W, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wu T, Pan Y, Chen J, Hu D, Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen M, and Zhou Z

Subjects
hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, conversion therapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Wenxuan Li,1,&ast; Zhikai Zheng,2,3,&ast; Jiongliang Wang,2,3,&ast; Tianqing Wu,2,3,&ast; Juncheng Wang,2,3 Yangxun Pan,2,3 Jinbin Chen,2,3 Dandan Hu,2,3 Li Xu,2,3 Yaojun Zhang,2,3 Minshan Chen,2,3 Zhongguo Zhou2,3 1Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Juncheng Wang; Zhongguo Zhou, Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-87343115 ; +86-20-87343117, Email wangjch@sysucc.org.cn; zhouzhg@sysucc.org.cnPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion surgery for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).Patients and Methods: Data from 172 HCC patients treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2016 and June 2021 with effective assessment of HAIC treatment response were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical pathological data, treatment process, survival, and occurrence of adverse events were recorded. Patients were grouped according to whether they achieved imaging remission after HAIC, underwent conversion surgery, and met the surgical resection criteria. Efficacy and safety were analyzed.Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the imaging remission group were 8.6 months and 26.3 months, respectively, which were longer than the 4.6 months (P< 0.05) and 15.6 months (P< 0.05) in the nonremission group. Compared with 6.7 months and 18.9 months in the HAIC maintenance group, the median PFS and median OS in the conversion surgery group were 16.5 months (P< 0.05) and 45.0 months (P< 0.05), but there was a higher risk of treatment-related hemoglobin decrease, alanine aminotransferase increase, aspartate aminotransferase increase, and total bilirubin increase (P< 0.05). The risk of biliary fistula, abdominal hemorrhage and ascites in the HAIC conversion surgery group was higher than that of the single surgery group (P< 0.05). Compared with the conversion surgery group, the median PFS and median OS of patients in the HAIC maintenance group who met the resection criteria were shorter: 7.1 months (P< 0.05) and 21.7 months (P< 0.05), respectively. All adverse events during the study were less than moderate, and no toxicity-related deaths occurred during follow-up.Conclusion: HAIC-based conversion therapy had acceptable toxic effects and could effectively stabilize intrahepatic lesions in advanced HCC, improve the survival benefit of patients, and provide some patients with the opportunity for conversion surgery to further improve prognosis.Keywords: hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, conversion therapy

Published
2024

36. Modal analysis of electromagnetic resonators: user guide for the MAN program

Author

Wu, T., Arrivault, D., Yan, W., and Lalanne, P.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

All electromagnetic systems, in particular resonators or antennas, have resonances with finite lifetimes. The associated eigenstates, also called quasinormal modes, are essentially non-Hermitian and determine the optical responses of the system. We introduce MAN (Modal Analysis of Nanoresonators), a software with many open scripts, which computes and normalizes the quasinormal modes of virtually any electromagnetic resonator, be it composed of dispersive, anisotropic, or non-reciprocal materials. MAN reconstructs the scattered field in the basis formed by the quasinormal modes of the resonator and provides a transparent interpretation of the physics. The software is implemented in MATLAB and has been developed over the past ten years. MAN features many toolboxes that illustrate how to use the software for various emblematic computations in low and high frequency regimes. A specific effort has been devoted to interface the solver with the finite-element software COMSOL Multiphysics. However, MAN can also be used with other frequency-domain numerical solvers. This article introduces the program, summarizes the relevant theoretical background. MAN includes a comprehensive set of classical models and toolboxes that can be downloaded from the web.

Published
2022
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37. Enhancing Insights on Chronic Diseases and Insomnia in Older Adults [Letter]

Author

Du H and Wu T

Subjects
n/a, Psychiatry, RC435-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Huimin Du,1 Tong Wu2 1Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huimin Du, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China, Email huimindu@naver.com

Published
2024

38. Sleep Disorders, Depression, and Chronic Pain: Clinical Implications for Multidisciplinary Integrated Treatment [Letter]

Author

Du H and Wu T

Subjects
n/a, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Huimin Du,1 Tong Wu2 1Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huimin Du, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China, Email huimindu@naver.com

Published
2024

39. Towards Trustworthy Explanation: On Causal Rationalization

Author

Zhang, W, Wu, T, Wang, Y, Cai, Y, and Cai, H

Abstract

With recent advances in natural language processing, rationalization becomes an essential self-explaining diagram to disentangle the black box by selecting a subset of input texts to account for the major variation in prediction. Yet, existing association-based approaches on rationalization cannot identify true rationales when two or more snippets are highly inter-correlated and thus provide a similar contribution to prediction accuracy, so-called spuriousness. To address this limitation, we novelly leverage two causal desiderata, non-spuriousness and efficiency, into rationalization from the causal inference perspective. We formally define a series of probabilities of causation based on a newly proposed structural causal model of rationalization, with its theoretical identification established as the main component of learning necessary and sufficient rationales. The superior performance of the proposed causal rationalization is demonstrated on real-world review and medical datasets with extensive experiments compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Published
2023

40. A Semiparametric Model for Between-Subject Attributes: Applications to Beta-Diversity of Microbiome Data

Author

Liu, J, Zhang, Xinlian, Chen, T, Wu, T, Lin, T, Jiang, L, Lang, S, Liu, L, Natarajan, L, Tu, JX, Kosciolek, T, Morton, J, Nguyen, TT, Schnabl, B, Knight, R, Feng, C, Zhong, Y, and Tu, XM

Subjects
Mathematical Sciences, Statistics, Human Genome, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Cross-Sectional Studies, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Microbiota, copula, functional response model, high-throughput sequencing, permutational multivariate analysis of variance using distance matrices, semiparametric regression, U-statistics-based generalized estimating equation, Other Mathematical Sciences, Statistics & Probability
Abstract

The human microbiome plays an important role in our health and identifying factors associated with microbiome composition provides insights into inherent disease mechanisms. By amplifying and sequencing the marker genes in high-throughput sequencing, with highly similar sequences binned together, we obtain operational taxonomic units (OTUs) profiles for each subject. Due to the high-dimensionality and nonnormality features of the OTUs, the measure of diversity is introduced as a summarization at the microbial community level, including the distance-based beta-diversity between individuals. Analyses of such between-subject attributes are not amenable to the predominant within-subject-based statistical paradigm, such as t-tests and linear regression. In this paper, we propose a new approach to model beta-diversity as a response within a regression setting by utilizing the functional response models (FRMs), a class of semiparametric models for between- as well as within-subject attributes. The new approach not only addresses limitations of current methods for beta-diversity with cross-sectional data, but also provides a premise for extending the approach to longitudinal and other clustered data in the future. The proposed approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data.

Published
2022

41. The Age-Male-Albumin-Bilirubin-Platelets (aMAP) Risk Score Predicts Liver Metastasis Following Surgery for Breast Cancer in Chinese Population: A Retrospective Study

Author

Chen L, Liu Q, Tan C, Wu T, Wu M, Tan X, Liu J, and Wang J

Subjects
breast cancer, amap score, liver metastasis, albumin, prognosis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Li Chen,1,2,&ast; Qiang Liu,2,&ast; Chunlei Tan,3,&ast; Tiangen Wu,4,&ast; Meng Wu,5 Xiaosheng Tan,5 Jinwen Liu,1 Jing Wang2 1Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China; 5Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jing Wang, Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China, Email wangjing@cicams.ac.cn Jinwen Liu, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China, Email Liujinwen@tjh.tjmu.edu.cnObjective: The current study is conducted to investigate the potential prognostic value of the age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets (aMAP) score in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis after surgery.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 178 breast cancer patients who developed liver metastasis after surgery. These patients were treated and followed up from 2000 to 2018 at our hospital. The aMAP risk score was estimated in accordance with the following formula: . The optimal cutoff value of the aMAP was evaluated via X-tile. Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to determine the clinical influence of the aMAP score on the survival outcomes. The nomogram models were established by multivariate analyses. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis were applied to evaluate the estimated performance of the nomogram models.Results: A total of 178 breast cancer patients were divided into low aMAP score group (< 47.6) and high aMAP score group (≥ 47.6) via X-tile plots. The aMAP score was a potential prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The median disease free survival (p=0.0013) and overall survival (p=0.0003) in low aMAP score group were longer than in high aMAP score group. The nomograms were constructed to predict the DFS with a C-index of 0.722 (95% CI, 0.673– 0.771), and the OS with a C-index of 0.708 (95% CI, 0.661– 0.755). The aMAP-based nomograms had good predictive performance.Conclusion: The aMAP score is a potential prognostic factor in breast cancer with liver metastasis after surgery. The aMAP score-based nomograms were conducive to discriminate patients at high risks of liver metastasis and develop adjuvant treatment and prevention strategies.Keywords: breast cancer, aMAP score, liver metastasis, albumin, prognosis

Published
2024

42. Awake Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Decompression Under Local Anesthesia for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in the Elderly: A Feasibility Study with Technique Note

Author

Wu T, Liu D, Meng F, Lu JH, Chen YF, and Fan Z

Subjects
awake spinal surgery, local anesthesia, degenerative lumbar disease, biportal endoscopic spine surgery, enhanced recovery after surgery, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Tong Wu, Da Liu, Fanhe Meng, Jing-han Lu, Yi-feng Chen, Zheng Fan Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Da Liu, Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18940257508, Email spinecmu@163.comPurpose: Here, we introduce a novel strategy of awake unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) decompression, which applies conscious sedation combined with stepwise local anesthesia (LA) as an alternative to general anesthesia (GA). The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of awake UBE decompression for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) in elderly patients.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 31 consecutive patients who received awake UBE decompression for DLSS in our institution from January 2021 to March 2022. Clinical results were evaluated using patient-reported outcomes measures (PROM) including visual analog scale for leg pain (VAS-LP), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria. The anesthesia effectiveness and intraoperative experience were evaluated by intraoperative VAS and satisfaction rating system.Results: UBE decompression was successfully performed in all patients under LA combined with conscious sedation. 26 (83.9%) patients rated the intraoperative experience as satisfactory (excellent or good) and 5 (16.1%) as fair. The mean intraoperative VAS was 3.41± 1.26. The VAS and ODI at each follow-up stage after surgery were significantly improved compared to preoperative scores (p < 0.01). At the last follow-up, 28 patients (90.3%) classified the surgical outcome as good or excellent, and 3 (9.7%) as fair. There were no serious complications or adverse reactions observed in the study.Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that awake UBE decompression is a feasible and promising alternative for elderly patients with DLSS.Keywords: awake spinal surgery, local anesthesia, degenerative lumbar disease, biportal endoscopic spine surgery, enhanced recovery after surgery

Published
2024

43. Histone Lactylation Participates in Psoriasis Progression by Regulating the Adiponectin Expression

Author

Zhao S, Wu T, Fu M, and Zhang Z

Subjects
psoriasis, adipoq, histone, lactylation, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Sicheng Zhao, Tingyan Wu, Mingjing Fu, Zhe Zhang Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Sicheng Zhao, Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, People’s Republic of China, Email zscba@163.comBackground: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, papules, and plaques. Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is an important protein hormone secreted by adipose tissue. Here, we aimed to explore the expression of ADIPOQ in psoriasis patients and the moderation effect of histone lactylation on ADIPOQ.Methods: The GSE78097 data set was downloaded from GEO database to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis. A total of 36 psoriasis patients were recruited to obtain the skin samples. The ADIPOQ protein levels, global lactylation and histone lactylation (H3K18lac) levels were detected by Western blot assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay was performed to detect the combination between H3K18lac and promoter regions of the ADIPOQ. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of ADIPOQ in psoriasis.Results: ADIPOQ was decreased in the skin tissues of psoriasis patients. In addition, the global lactylation and H3K18lac levels were significantly decreased in the skin tissues of psoriasis patients. In HaCaT cells, promoting the global lactylation and H3K18lac levels increased the ADIPOQ protein levels, while si-LDHA transfection decreased the ADIPOQ protein levels. The CHIP results indicated that lactylation promoted the binding of promoter regions of the ADIPOQ and H3K18lac. Finally, the ROC analysis showed that ADIPOQ exhibited diagnostic value in psoriasis.Conclusion: This study demonstrated ADIPOQ was decreased in the skin tissues of psoriasis patients, and ADIPOQ has diagnostic value for psoriasis. Furthermore, down-regulation of H3K18lac levels inhibited the transcription of ADIPOQ, which was the key factor of decrease of ADIPOQ levels in psoriasis patients.Keywords: psoriasis, ADIPOQ, histone, lactylation

Published
2024

44. Systemic Inflammation Score Using Pretherapeutic Inflammatory Markers to Predict Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy

Author

Wu T, Zheng Z, Wang J, He M, Pan Y, Chen J, Hu D, Zhang Y, Xu L, Chen M, and Zhou Z

Subjects
hcc, systemic inflammation score, nomogram, prognosis., Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Tianqing Wu,1,2,&ast; Zhikai Zheng,1,2,&ast; Jiongliang Wang,1,2,&ast; Minrui He,1,2,&ast; Juncheng Wang,1,2 Yangxun Pan,1,2 Jinbin Chen,1,2 Dandan Hu,1,2 Yaojun Zhang,1,2 Li Xu,1,2 Minshan Chen,1,2 Zhongguo Zhou1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongguo Zhou, Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Email zhouzhg@sysucc.org.cnPurpose: To assess the clinical value of the pretherapeutic systemic inflammation score (SIS) in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).Methods: From February 2016 to April 2021, 415 advanced HCC patients who underwent HAIC at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were randomly divided into training (n = 277) and validation cohorts (n = 138) and analyzed. The aspartate aminotransferase–alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), lymphocyte × albumin (L × A), and neutrophil × monocyte (N × M) were used to construct the SIS score based on a multivariate Cox analysis in the training cohort. A nomogram consisting of the SIS score was created and evaluated by calibration plot, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the SIS score was an independent predictor of OS. A high SIS score was associated with large tumor size (P < 0.05), multiple lesions (P < 0.01), high AFP level (P < 0.01), extrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.05), and advanced BCLC stage (P < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the patients with a high SIS had shorter OS than those with a low SIS in both the non-PD (p = 0.015) and PD group (p = 0.023). The calibration plots showed good concordance between the nomogram’s prediction and the actual observations in both the training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, the AUCs of the nomogram predicting the 2-year and 3-year survival rates were 0.749 and 0.739, respectively; in the validation cohort, they were 0.760 and 0.681, respectively. Based on the AUC and DCA, the nomogram showed better predictive ability than other predictors.Conclusion: The pretherapeutic SIS score is a potential prognostic predictor for HCC patients undergoing HAIC.Keywords: HCC, systemic inflammation score, nomogram, prognosis

Published
2023

45. Normalization, orthogonality and completeness of quasinormal modes of open systems: the case of electromagnetism

Author

Sauvan, C., Wu, T., Zarouf, R., Muljarov, E. A., and Lalanne, P.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by resonant systems is determined by the excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs), i.e., the eigenmodes of the system. This Review addresses three fundamental concepts in relation with the representation of the scattered field as a superposition of the excited QNMs: normalization, orthogonality, and completeness. Orthogonality and normalization enable a straightforward assessment of the QNM excitation strength for any incident wave. Completeness guaranties that the scattered field can be faithfully expanded into the QNM basis. These concepts are non-trivial for non-conservative (non-Hermitian) systems and have driven many theoretical developments since initial studies in the 70's. Yet, owing to recent achievements, they are not easily grasped from the extensive and scattered literature, especially for newcomers in the field. After recalling fundamental results obtained in early studies on the completeness of the QNM basis for simple resonant systems, we review recent achievements and debates on the normalization, clarify under which circumstances the QNM basis is complete, and highlight the concept of QNM regularization with complex coordinate transform.

Published
2021
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46. Fluctuating magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of quantum spin liquid

Author

Zhu, Z. H., Pan, B. L., Nie, L. P., Ni, J. M., Yang, Y. X., Chen, C. S., Huang, Y. Y., Cheng, E. J., Yu, Y. J., Hillier, A. D., Chen, X. H., Wu, T., Zhou, Y., Li, S. Y., and Shu, L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The search of quantum spin liquid (QSL), an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature, is a main theme in current condensed matter physics. However, there is no smoking-gun evidence for deconfined spinons in any QSL candidate so far. The disorders and competing exchange interactions may prevent the formation of an ideal QSL state on frustrated spin lattices. Here we report comprehensive and systematic measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, ultra-low temperature specific heat, muon spin relaxation (muSR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermal conductivity for NaYbSe2 single crystals, in which Yb3+ ions with effective spin-1/2 form a perfect triangular lattice. All these complementary techniques find no evidence of long-range magnetic order down to their respective base temperatures. Instead, specific heat, muSR and NMR measurements suggest the coexistence of quasi-static and dynamic spins in NaYbSe2. The scattering from these quasi-static spins may cause the absence of magnetic thermal conductivity. Thus, we propose a scenario of fluctuating ferrimagnetic droplets immersed in a sea of QSL. This may be quite common on the way pursuing an ideal QSL, and provides a brand-new platform to study how a QSL state survives impurities and coexists with other magnetically ordered states.

Published
2021

49. Electrode biasing maintains the edge shear layer at high density in the J-TEXT tokamak

Author

Ke, R, Diamond, PH, Long, T, Xu, M, Chen, ZP, Gao, L, Yang, QH, Wang, YH, Zhang, XY, Nie, L, Wu, T, Gao, JM, Li, D, Wang, NC, Yang, ZJ, Chen, ZY, Pan, Y, and Duan, XR

Subjects
density limit, edge shear layer, turbulence, electrode bias, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Abstract Collapse of the edge flow shear as the line-averaged density approaches the Greenwald density limit has been observed as a precursor to the enhanced edge particle flux characteristic of proximity to the density limit regime. Here, we report the use of a biased electrode to sustain the edge shear layer in high density discharges, in which the shear layer would otherwise collapse. A stable increase in line-averaged density is observed along with a strong increase in edge density. These experiments were carried out on the J-TEXT tokamak. The Reynolds stress at the edge is enhanced, and the zonal flow sustained, while density perturbation levels, the flux of turbulence internal energy (i.e., turbulence spreading), and particle and heat flux all decrease significantly. Electron adiabaticity increases, and bias voltage modulation experiments show that an increase in the edge shear leads the increase in adiabaticity. These results suggest that external edge E × B flow shear drive may be of interest for sustaining edge plasma states at high density, and support the hypothesis that collapse of the edge shear layer triggers the onset of the strong transport and turbulence characteristic of the density limit regime.

Published
2022

50. The TaichuPix1: A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor with fast in-pixel readout electronics for the CEPC vertex detector

Author

Wu, T., Grinstein, S., Casanova, R., Zhang, Y., Wei, W., Wei, X., Dong, J., Zhang, L., Li, X., Liang, Z., da Costa, J. Guimaraes, Lu, W., Li, L., Wang, J., Zheng, R., Yang, P., and Huang, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) imposes new challenges for the vertex detector in terms of high resolution, low material, fast readout and low power. The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates to satisfy these requirements. A MAPS prototype, called TaichuPix1, based on a data-driven structure, together with a column drain readout architecture, benefiting from the ALPIDE and FE-I3 approaches, has been implemented to achieve fast readout. This paper presents the overall architecture of TaichuPix1, the experimental characterization of the FE-I3-like matrix, the threshold dispersion, the noise distribution of the pixels and verifies the charge collection using a radioactive source. These results prove the functionality of the digital periphery and serializer are able to transmit the collected charge to the data interface correctly. Moreover, the individual self-tests of the serializer verify it can work up to about 3 Gbps. And it also indicates that the analog front-end features a fast-rising signal with a short time walk and that the FE-I3-like in-pixel digital logic is properly operating at the 40 MHz system clock., Comment: 14 pages and 12 figures

Published
2021
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