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Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03829969), 514 patients with treatment-naïve advanced ESCC were randomized (1:1) to receive toripalimab or placebo in combination with paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by toripalimab or placebo maintenance. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS is observed for the toripalimab arm over the placebo arm (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46-0.74; p 0.0001). The prespecified interim analysis of overall survival (OS) also reveals a significant OS improvement for patients treated with toripalimab plus TP over placebo plus TP (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43-0.78; p = 0.0004). The incidences of grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events are similar between the two arms. Toripalimab plus TP significantly improves PFS and OS in patients with treatment-naïve, advanced ESCC, with a manageable safety profile.

The present study examined whether perceptions of a transgressor’s trustworthiness mediates the relationship between apologies and repaired trust, and the moderating role of negative emotions within this process. Chinese undergraduate students (N = 221) completed a trust game where they invested tokens in their counterpart, and either experienced no trust violation (i.e., half of the tokens returned), a trust violation (i.e., no tokens returned), or a trust violation followed by an apology. Participant’s trust behavior was measured by the number of tokens they re-invested in their counterpart in a second round of the game. Participants also completed measures to assess perceptions of the transgressor’s trustworthiness and emotional state. Results revealed that participants who received an apology were more likely to trust in their counterpart, compared to those who did not receive an apology, and this relationship was mediated by perceptions of the transgressor’s trustworthiness. Further, the relationship between apologies and perceptions of the transgressors trustworthiness was moderated by negative emotions; apologies only improved perceptions of trustworthiness for participants who experienced less negative emotions.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a type of gut-derived postprandial hormone. FGF19 plays a key role in coordinating liver bile acid biosynthesis and gallbladder motility and acts as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis, including strengthening insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, and reducing body weight. In the present study, we investigated the presence of FGF19 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and investigated relationships with a cluster of characteristic emotions and behaviors. Eighty-three male subjects were recruited and participated in the study. The levels of CSF FGF19 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and FGF19 levels showed considerable interindividual variations, ranging from 80.54 to 1479.78 pg/ml. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no correlation between CSF FGF19 levels and age or Body Mass Index. Significant correlations were found between CSF FGF19 levels and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, Suicide Attitude Questionnaire factors, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale scores, and Beck Depression Inventory scores, and CSF FGF19 levels independently affected Beck Depression Inventory scores. Our findings provide evidence of the presence of FGF19 in human CSF and the role of FGF19 in mood regulation in humans.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue among married rural-to-urban migrant workers, the largest group of internal migrants in China. This study aims to explore the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhejiang province in China between July 2015 and April 2016, and a total of 1,744 married rural-to-urban migrant workers ultimately took part in the study. Conflict Tactics Scales and several short demographic questions were applied. Data were principally analyzed with logistic regression. Results The majority of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were middle-aged couples with a low education level and a relatively long-term duration of migration in fixed migrant cities. Nearly 45% of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months. The joint occurrence of multiple forms of violence is the most commonly reported features of intimate partner violence, especially three overlapping patterns of intimate partner violence. Some individual (education and age), relationship (marital satisfaction, premarital sex and extramarital affairs) and social (duration of migration and number of migratory cities) factors of the respondents, were negatively or positively associated with intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers. Conclusion The results indicated that one out of two married rural-to-urban migrant workers experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months in China. Accordingly, there is an obvious demand of intervention and treatment activities to prevent and reduce the occurrence of intimate partner violence among the millions of migrant workers in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3896-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This study examined developmental changes in children’s abilities to make trustworthiness judgements based on faces and the relationship between a child’s perception of trustworthiness and facial attractiveness. One hundred and one 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds, along with 37 undergraduates, were asked to judge the trustworthiness of 200 faces. Next, they issued facial attractiveness judgements. The results indicated that children made consistent trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements based on facial appearance, but with-adult and within-age agreement levels of facial judgements increased with age. Additionally, the agreement levels of judgements made by girls were higher than those by boys. Furthermore, the relationship between trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements increased with age, and the relationship between two judgements made by girls was closer than those by boys. These findings suggest that face-based trait judgement ability develops throughout childhood and that, like adults, children may use facial attractiveness as a heuristic cue that signals a stranger’s trustworthiness.

A transcript of the questionnaire. Description of data: A socio-demographic questionnaire and a Chinese version of short form of the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) (DOC 76 kb)

Abstract 5264 Objective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) has the ability to activate platelet and involve in intravascular coagulation, inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stressors release in sepsis. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in platelets is adjusted by iNOS and/or eNOS and contributes to platelet aggregation and adhesion. Our previous study has found that increased platelet aggregation in patients with sepsis was associated with the expression of TLR4 on platelets and NO synthesis in platelets. This study was to investigate whether inhibition of TLR-4 activation on platelets decreases eNOS(endothelial NO synthase)/NO disturbance-related platelet aggregation. Methods Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with severe sepsis and 10 healthy volunteers as controls. PRP(platelet-rich plasma) and PPP (platelet-poor plasma) were prepared for platelet aggregation, and platelet suspension (at a concentration of 2×108/mL platelets) for next experimemts. After the platelet suspension from healthy volunteers was incubated with L-Arginine (LA, 10 mM) alone, and LA and L-NAME (NΩ-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, 25mg/mL, a nonselective NOS inhibitor) for 1 hour, LPS(10.0μg/ml) was respectively added them. In separate experiments, the platelet suspension was preincubated with anti-TLR-4 Abs (10μg/mL) and then repeat above experiments. The levels of serine phosphorylation in eNOS (p-eNOS) and NO production, and platelet aggregation were determined with Western blotting, nitrate concentration analysis and platelet aggregometer, respectively. Results The protein levels of p-eNOS and NO production had 2.2-fold and 1.8-fold of increases in platelets from septic patients, and in vitro had 1.8-fold and 1.7-fold of increases in LA-incubated platelets stimulated with LPS as compared to controls. The p-eNOS expression and NO production were inhibited in the presence of L-NAME. Furthermore, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was markedly promoted by LPS and L-NAME [(61 □ ‘98) %, (80□ ‘100)% versus (40□ ‘72)% of control) ], and the effect of LPS was abolished by LA pretreatment [(54□ ‘76)% ]. Blockade of TLR-4 didn't alter the elevated levels of p-eNOS and NO under LPS challenge, but the inhibition of L-NAME on p-eNOS and NO was significantly decreased. Importantly, blockade of TLR-4 significantly decreased platelet aggregation induced by LPS, and both LPS and L-NAME, but had no effects on LA pretreatment. Conclusion These data suggest that inhibition of TLR-4 may play a role in prevention from sepsis-induced platelet aggregation and maintaining platelet eNOS activity in sepsis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.