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We present crystal structures of a new NAD+-binding riboswitch termed NAD+-II, bound to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). The RNA structure comprises a number of structural features including three helices, one of which forms a triple helix by interacting with an A5 strand in its minor-groove, and another formed from a long-range pseudoknot. The core of the structure (centrally located and coaxial with the triplex and the pseudoknot) includes two consecutive quadruple base interactions. Unusually the riboswitch binds two molecules of ligand, bound at distinct, non-overlapping sites in the RNA. Binding occurs primarily through the nicotinamide moiety of each ligand, held by specific hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions with the pyridyl ring. The mode of binding is the same for NMN, NR and the nicotinamide moiety of NAD+. In addition, when NAD+ is bound into one site it adopts an elongated conformation such that its diphosphate linker occupies a groove on the surface of the RNA, following which the adenine portion inserts into a pocket and makes specific hydrogen bonding interactions. Thus the NAD+-II riboswitch is distinct from the NAD+-I riboswitch in that it binds two molecules of ligand at separate sites, and that binding occurs principally through the nicotinamide moiety.

Ribozymes are excellent systems in which to study ‘sequence - structure - function’ relationships in RNA molecules. Understanding these relationships may greatly help structural modeling and design of functional RNA structures and some functional structural modules could be repurposed in molecular design. At present, there is no comprehensive database summarising all the natural ribozyme families. We have therefore created Ribocentre, a database that collects together sequence, structure and mechanistic data on 21 ribozyme families. This includes available information on timelines, sequence families, secondary and tertiary structures, catalytic mechanisms, applications of the ribozymes together with key publications. The database is publicly available at https://www.ribocentre.org.

Optimal treatment for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial, especially in the context of potential benefit of combining PD-1 blockade with neoadjuvant therapy. This phase 2 study aimed to assess neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in this population. Patients (clinical stage II-IVA) received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NIC) with camrelizumab (200 mg on day 1) plus nab-paclitaxel (260 mg/m2 in total on day 1 and day 8) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2 in total on days 1-3) of each 21-day cycle. Surgery was performed approximately 6 weeks after completion of NIC. Primary endpoint was complete pathologic response (CPR) rate in primary tumor. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate after surgery, PFS, overall survival (OS) and safety during NIC and perioperative period. Between 17 January 2020 and 8 December 2020, 56 patients were enrolled, and 51 received esophagectomy. Data cutoff date was 25 August 2021. The CPR rate was 35.3% (95% CI, 21.7%-48.9%). NIC had an ORR of 66.7% (95% CI, 40.0%-70.4%) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of low severity (grade 1-2, 75.0%; grade 3, 10.7%; grade 4-5, no). No perioperative mortality occurred. Three (5.9%) patients had tumor recurrence and one (2.0%) patient died. The 2-year PFS rate, median PFS and median OS had not been reached yet. Camrelizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable ESCC demonstrates promising efficacy with acceptable toxicity, providing a feasible and effective option. Study is ongoing for long-term survival analyses. ispartof: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER vol:151 issue:1 pages:128-137 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Known ribozymes in contemporary biology perform a limited range of chemical catalysis, but in vitro selection has generated species that catalyze a broader range of chemistry; yet, there have been few structural and mechanistic studies of selected ribozymes. A ribozyme has recently been selected that can catalyze a site-specific methyl transfer reaction. We have solved the crystal structure of this ribozyme at a resolution of 2.3 Å, showing how the RNA folds to generate a very specific binding site for the methyl donor substrate. The structure immediately suggests a catalytic mechanism involving a combination of proximity and orientation and nucleobase-mediated general acid catalysis. The mechanism is supported by the pH dependence of the rate of catalysis. A selected methyltransferase ribozyme can thus use a relatively sophisticated catalytic mechanism, broadening the range of known RNA-catalyzed chemistry.

Background. Manual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear. Objective. To compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves. Methods. First, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect. Results. Both types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA. Conclusion. Strong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation.

In the fiberglass industry, Pt–Rh bushings made of platinum and rhodium have very good characteristics, such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. In this paper, a semi-infinite lath structure model is constructed, and the expression of the surface temperature distribution of a Pt–Rh alloy plate with a circular through hole is obtained based on the non-Fourier heat conduction equation, complex function method and conformal mapping method. At the same time, the influence of the position of the circular through hole in the Pt–Rh bushing and the parameters of the incident light source (Non-diffusion incident wave number and relative thermal diffusion length) on the surface temperature distribution of the Pt–Rh bushing is studied by using this formula. It is found that: 1. heat concentration and fracture are occur easily at the through hole; 2. when the through hole is in the asymmetric center, the greater the asymmetry, the smaller the maximum temperature amplitude; 3. when the buried depth of the through hole increases, the maximum temperature amplitude decreases; 4. when the incident wave number and the relative thermal diffusion length of the incident light source are larger, the maximum temperature amplitude is smaller. The numerical results are almost consistent with those of ANSYS thermal simulation. The expression of the surface temperature distribution of the semi-infinite lath structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the loss of precious metal materials and the time of thermal simulation in the experimental process, as well as provide important significance for structural design, quality inspection, process optimization, and service life improvement of Pt–Rh bushings.

The reference effect of consumers’ product quality and service quality is an important behavioral factor that affects consumers’ purchase decisions. In this paper, considering the inherent dynamics of the operation mode, the two were combined into a product-service supply chain composed of a manufacturer and two competitive retailers, and the service reference effect was further divided into horizontal and vertical service reference effects. Differential game models between the manufacturer and the retailers were constructed. Using the continuous dynamic programming theory, the manufacturer’s quality level strategy, retailer’s service level strategy and supply chain system performance under the modes of no cost sharing decision, cost sharing decision and centralized decision were analyzed and compared. Main findings: The optimal strategy of product quality under centralized decision is greater than the corresponding value under cost sharing contract decision. Compared with decentralized decision making of no cost sharing, cost sharing contract cannot promote the manufacturer to improve product quality. Different from previous studies, the service quality under centralized decision making is not higher than other decisions. When the horizontal reference effect of service quality meets a certain condition, the supply chain profit under centralized decision making is lower than the corresponding value under decentralized decision making.

Outsourcing project activities to contractors has become more and more popular in recent years, and activity contractors can increase the revenue of a project through cooperation. In this paper we consider cooperation between activity contractors through resource reallocation, and address two main issues. First, we seek to find the optimal scheme for resource reallocation among contractors. To this end, a linear programming model is established, and some properties of the optimal resource reallocation scheme are discussed. Second, we propose several revenue sharing schemes for contractors based on a cooperative game theory framework. Three schemes are introduced and compared: a scheme in the core, the Shapley value, and a proportional revenue sharing scheme. We show that the cooperative game of activity contractors in a general project network does not necessarily have a nonempty core. However, we identify a special class of project network for which the core of the cooperative game of activity contractors always exists and an allocation in the core is proposed based on shadow prices. The managerial insights we obtain in this paper are as follows. (i) Contractors should cooperate. (ii) Resources should not be transferred between contractors with high transferring costs. (iii) Resources are always transferred from contractors on non-critical paths to contractors on critical paths, and on critical paths, resources are always transferred from low efficiency contractors to high efficiency contractors.

The phase characteristics of gyrotron traveling-wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) for high-resolution imaging radars have been investigated. Determinant equations of output phase are classified into the cold phase and warm phase in the cases of cold-field and hot-field regions, respectively. The phase–frequency characteristics of cold phase are examined regarding single-mode and multimode operations, respectively. The time stability and the sensitivity to external parameters of warm phase are also investigated. The efficient methods to make the output phase of gyro-TWTs controllable are proposed. The measured output phase of the input coupler and output taper of a Ka -band gyro-TWT is linear with respect to the frequency, without any distortion. Moreover, the warm output phase fluctuation introduced by the RF circuit is less than ±8°.

Nowadays, in such a competitive business environment, under the pursuit of high quality and high standards, every enterprise has clearly realized that the quality of products is directly related to the interests of the enterprise, the development of the enterprise, and the survival of the enterprise. The idea that quality is life has long been deeply rooted in every enterprise. Based on the aforementioned reality, this paper first constructs a demand function affected by product quality, service quality, reference effect and quality competition, and studies the optimal product quality and service quality under centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making. By comparing the decision values and profit difference between centralized decision making and decentralized decision making, a bilateral cost sharing contract is proposed, and its application scope is discussed. The major findings entail that the centralized decision-making mode of supply chain will be more conducive to improving service quality. However, it is not necessarily conducive to improving product quality, which depends on the marginal profits of competitors, since supply chain decision-makers are more willing to invest resources in products with high marginal profits, thereby improving product quality. The increase of reference effect is conducive to improving the quality of products and services, but it may also lead to higher production costs in the case of centralized decision-making. Therefore, when the reference effect is high, supply chain enterprises should adopt decentralized decision-making mode. Excessive competition is not conducive to improving the profits and increases internal friction among enterprises. Therefore, when the competition is fierce, enterprise alliance is a better choice. Finally, the bilateral cost sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain, that is to say, the system profit is equal to the profit of centralized decision-making. However, only when the supplier’s share rate meets certain conditions can the bilateral cost sharing contract achieve Pareto optimization, that is to say, when it is greater than the profit of the enterprise under decentralized decision-making.

Leaves start to develop at the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem. Thereafter, symmetric and flattened leaf laminae are formed. These events are simultaneously regulated by auxin, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulatory factors. However, the relationships among these factors are not well known. In this study, we conducted protein-protein interaction assays to show that our previously reported Leaf and Flower Related (LFR) physically interacted with SWI3B, a component of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex in Arabidopsis. The results of truncated analysis and transgenic complementation showed that the N-terminal domain (25–60 amino acids) of LFR was necessary for its interaction with SWI3B and was crucial for LFR functions in Arabidopsis leaf development. Genetic results showed that the artificial microRNA knockdown lines of SWI3B (SWI3B-amic) had a similar upward-curling leaf phenotype with that of LFR loss-of-function mutants. ChIP-qPCR assay was conducted to show that LFR and SWI3B co-targeted the promoters of YABBY1/FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (YAB1/FIL) and IAA carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (IAMT1), which were misexpressed in lfr and SWI3B-amic mutants. In addition, the association between LFR and the FIL and IAMT1 loci was partly hampered by the knockdown of SWI3B. These data suggest that LFR interacts with the chromatin-remodeling complex component, SWI3B, and influences the transcriptional expression of the important transcription factor, FIL, and the auxin metabolism enzyme, IAMT1, in flattened leaf lamina development.

Due to the sudden surge of orders, it is difficult for suppliers with a limited capacity to ensure that all orders are delivered in time and all the products are qualified. Suppliers are likely to put more limited capacity into completing orders, thus ignoring the quality of products. This will easily lead to the occurrence of product quality events, and then affect the goodwill of enterprise products. The innovations of this paper are as follows: first, based on the above facts, a negative and dynamic correlation between the delivery level and the quality level is established, which has been involved in previous studies. Second, the joint decision model of timely delivery, product quality, and marketing is constructed. Thirdly, centralized decision-making is the best way of supply chain cooperation, and cost sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain. This paper provides guidance for enterprise managers when making decisions on quality, marketing and delivery. It also provides the basis for enterprise managers to formulate effective cooperation models. We can draw some research implications: when consumers are less sensitive to timely delivery, enterprises should give some coupons and small gifts to consumers in exchange for the extension of delivery time and put their limited capacity into improving the product quality. When consumers are highly sensitive to timely delivery, they can outsource some orders to cost-effective and professional third-party enterprises, which not only improves the delivery rate but also improves the product quality.

Quality is not only the basis for business survival and development but also a key issue that cannot be ignored in supply chain management decisions. In practice, the impact of quality on goodwill does not show an immediate effect, and there is a dynamic delayed effect. Therefore, we developed a dynamic model that considers the delayed effect of quality on goodwill. Firstly, we constructed a delayed differential equation for the effect of quality on goodwill based on the Nerlove–Arrow model for a two-channel supply chain in a competitive environment and studied the dynamic quality decision problem of manufacturers and retailers under the delay effect. Secondly, we constructed the manufacturer and retailer Hamilton functions based on the principles of being of great value, solving and comparing the optimal product quality level, having an optimal service quality level, product goodwill, and overall profit of the supply chain under both decentralized and centralized decision modes, and investigated the effect of delay time on the profit and quality decisions of supply chain members. The conclusions show that: (i) delay time is an important reference for supply chain members when choosing the decision mode, and the overall profit size of the supply chain has different relationships with the different values of delay time taken into account with the two decision scenarios. (ii) Adopting a centralized decision mode can motivate manufacturers and retailers to improve the quality level, which in turn promotes the sales of products and the accumulation of brand goodwill.

Leaves are essential organs for plants. We previously identified a functional gene possibly encoding a component of the SWI/SNF complex named Leaf and Flower Related (LFR) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function mutants of LFR displayed obvious defects in leaf morphogenesis, indicating its vital role in leaf development. Here an allelic null mutant of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2), as2-6, was isolated as an enhancer of lfr-1 in petiole length, vasculature pattern and leaf margin development. The lfr as2 double-mutants showed enhanced ectopic expression of BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) compared with each of the single-mutants, which is consistent with their synergistic genetic enhancement in multiple BP-dependent development processes. Moreover, LFR and several putative subunits of the SWI/SNF complex interacted physically with AS2. LFR associated with BP chromatin in an AS1-AS2-dependent manner to promote the nucleosome occupancy for appropriate BP repression in leaves. Taken together, our findings reveal that LFR and the SWI/SNF complex play roles in leaf development at least partly by repressing BP transcription as interacting factors of AS2, which expounds our understanding of BP repression at the chromatin structure level in leaf development.

The chemical transformation of CO2 under mild conditions remains a great challenge because of its exceptional kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Two important reactions in the transformation of CO2 are the N-formylation reaction of amines using hydrosilanes and CO2, and the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. Here, we report the high efficiency of bifunctional metallosalen complexes bearing quaternary phosphonium salts in catalyzing both of these reactions under solvent-free, mild conditions without the need for co-catalysts. The catalysts' bifunctionality is attributed to an intramolecular cooperative process between the metal center and the halogen anion. Depending on the reaction, this activates CO2 by permitting either the synergistic activation of Si–H bond via metal–hydrogen coordinative bond (M–H) or the dual activation of epoxide via metal–oxygen coordinative bond (M–O). The one-component catalysts are also shown to be easily recovered and reused five times without significant loss of activity or selectivity. The current results are combined with previous work in the area to propose the relevant reaction mechanisms.

Environmental biosafety is the key issue in the healthy development of the graphene industry, but the toxicity of graphene to moss is still unknown to date. Herein, we investigated the influence of graphene oxide (GO) on the growth, chlorophyll content and structure of white moss Leucobryum glaucum. Our results indicated that GO did not alter the fresh weight of L. glaucum, but inhibited the dry weight gain seriously, resulting in higher water-holding rates. GO induced the suppression of chlorophyll contents and up-regulated the chlorophyll a/b ratios, thus might influence the photosynthesis of L. glaucum. GO disturbed the microstructure and ultrastructure of L. glaucum at high concentrations, inducing the destruction of cell wall, the separation of cell wall and membrane, and the formation of micropores on the leave surface. GO led to the decrease of glutathione levels and catalase activities of L. glaucum, suggesting the existence of oxidative stress. Our results collectively suggested that graphene had the potential environmental risk to moss plants, and the release of graphene into the environment should be strictly restricted.

We study a problem in which independent project managers cooperate to generate additional revenue by reallocating their resources. This additional revenue equals the increase in the direct return of a project minus the resource transfer cost. For each project, its direct return is closely related to its duration, which is mainly determined by the amount of resources available. In practice, the relationship between direct return and resources can be very complex. We study the situation that all projects use one same type of continuously divisible renewable resource and require some other types of discrete renewable resources. The activity processing rate of a project depends on its continuous resource and can be linear, strictly concave, or convex. The direct return of a project is linear over time. Based on results reported in the literature, we first show that it is not uncommon for the direct return of a project to be concave in relation to the amount of resources. Then, we formulate the resource transfer problem (RTP) as a convex programming problem and derive interesting properties. Furthermore, we design a revenue sharing scheme, which is in the core of a corresponding cooperative game. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to show the value of cooperation, examine the efficiency of the proposed additional revenue sharing scheme, and evaluate the effects of the transfer cost, the unit time reward/penalty, and the amount of initial resource.

Background Surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is considered as the gold-standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer patients. These patients have a poor 5-year survival rate of 5% or less. Furthermore, a large dose of chemotherapy can produce adverse side effects and severe toxicity. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) cell infusion as an adjuvant therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer combined with first-line treatment. Methods A total of 142 patients with stage III/IV colorectal carcinoma who had been treated with first-line therapy were included in this study. Among these patients, 71 patients received first-line treatment only (non-DC-CIK group), while the other 71 patients who had similar demographic and clinical characteristics received a DC-CIK cell infusion combined with first-line treatment (DC-CIK group). These patients were followed up until August 2014. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Results Our results showed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for the DC-CIK group versus the non-DC-CIK group was 41.3 versus 19.4% (p = 0.001) and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate for the DC-CIK group versus the non-DC-CIK group was 57.4 versus 33.6% (p = 0.022). Conclusions Our results showed that patients with advanced colorectal cancer might benefit from DC-CIK immunotherapy combined with first-line therapy by significantly prolonging 5-year OS and PFS.

Disruption of gene silencing by Polycomb protein complexes leads to homeotic transformations and altered developmental-phase identity in plants1–5. Here we define short genomic fragments, known as Polycomb response elements (PREs), that direct Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) placement at developmental genes regulated by silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identify transcription factor families that bind to these PREs, colocalize with PRC2 on chromatin, physically interact with and recruit PRC2, and are required for PRC2-mediated gene silencing in vivo. Two of the cis sequence motifs enriched in the PREs are cognate binding sites for the identified transcription factors and are necessary and sufficient for PRE activity. Thus PRC2 recruitment in Arabidopsis relies in large part on binding of trans-acting factors to cis-localized DNA sequence motifs.

A one-pot nickel-catalyzed allylation of aromatic aldehydes with α-halo-β,β-difluoropropene-containing compounds promoted by ZnEt(2) under mild conditions was described. The reaction displays moderate to good regio- and diastereoselectivity, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and provides an efficient method for the synthesis of γ-fluorinated homoallylic alcohols.

Stock trading system to assist decision-making is an emerging research area and has great commercial potentials. Successful trading operations should occur near the reversal points of price trends. Traditional technical analysis, which usually appears as various trading rules, does aim to look for peaks and bottoms of trends and is widely used in stock market. Unfortunately, it is not convenient to directly apply technical analysis since it depends on person's experience to select appropriate rules for individual share. In this paper, we enhance conventional technical analysis with Genetic Algorithms by learning trading rules from history for individual stock and then combine different rules together with Echo State Network to provide trading suggestions. Numerous experiments on S&P 500 components demonstrate that whether in bull or bear market, our system significantly outperforms buy-and-hold strategy. Especially in bear market where S&P 500 index declines a lot, our system still profits.

Neural network has been popular in time series prediction in financial areas because of their advantages in handling nonlinear systems. This paper presents a study of using a novel recurrent neural network-echo state network (ESN) to predict the next closing price in stock markets. The Hurst exponent is applied to adaptively determine initial transient and choose sub-series with greatest predictability during training. The experiment results on nearly all stocks of S&P 500 demonstrate that ESN outperforms other conventional neural networks in most cases. Experiments also indicate that if we include principle component analysis (PCA) to filter noise in data pretreatment and choose appropriate parameters, we can effectively prevent coarse prediction performance. But in most cases PCA improves the prediction accuracy only a little.

This study investigated the aminoglycoside resistance phenotypes and genotypes, as well as the prevalence of virulence genes, in Enterococcus species isolated from clinical patients in China. A total of 160 enterococcal isolates from various clinical samples collected from September 2013 to July 2014 were identified to the species level using the VITEK-2 COMPACT system. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the identified Enterococcus strains were determined by the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion method. PCR-based assays were used to detect the aminoglycoside resistance and virulence genes in all enterococcal isolates. Of 160 Enterococcus isolates, 105 were identified as E. faecium, 35 as E. faecalis, and 20 isolates were classified as “other” Enterococcus species. High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) for gentamicin, streptomycin, and both antibiotics was identified in 58.8, 50, and 34.4% of strains, respectively. The most common virulence gene (50.6% of isolates) was efaA, followed by asa1 (28.8%). The most prevalent aminoglycoside resistance genes were aac(6')-Ie-aph(2''), aph(2')-Id, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(6')-Ia, present in 49.4%, 1.3%, 48.8% and 31.3% of strains, respectively. Overall, E. faecium and E. faecalis were most frequently associated with hospital-acquired enterococcal infections in Zhejiang Province. All aminoglycoside resistance genes, except aph(2'')-Id, were significantly more prevalent in HLAR strains than amongst high level aminoglycoside susceptible (HLAS) strains, while there was no significant difference between HLAR and HLAS strains in regard to the prevalence of virulence genes, apart from esp, therefore, measures should be taken to manage infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterococcus species.

With the rapid development of smart cities in the world, research relating to smart city evaluation has become a new research hotspot in academia. However, there are general problems of cognitive deprivation, lack of planning experience, and low level of coordination in smart cities construction. It is necessary for us to develop a set of scientific, reasonable, and effective evaluation index systems and evaluation models to analyze the development degree of urban wisdom. Based on the theory of the urban system, we established a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban intelligent development based on the people-oriented, city-system, and resources-flow (PSF) evaluation model. According to the characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban intelligent development, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the experts’ opinions determine the index weight of this system. We adopted the neural network model to construct the corresponding comprehensive evaluation model to characterize the non-linear characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation indexes system, thus to quantitatively quantify the comprehensive evaluation indexes of urban intelligent development. Finally, we used the AHP, AHP-BP (Back Propagation), and AHP-ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) models to evaluate the intelligent development level of 151 cities in China, and compared them from the perspective of model accuracy and time cost. The final simulation results show that the AHP-ELM model is the best evaluation model.