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The success or failure of anesthesia determines the success or failure of surgery. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the training of students majoring in clinical anesthesia. Traditional teaching methods rely on teacher explanation, and thus students depend greatly on their teachers. In recent years, case analysis teaching has become increasingly popular as an educational mode and is widely praised by students. Many studies have shown that case analysis teaching can not only improve students' enthusiasm but also enable students to apply what they have learned into clinical practice.The English databases PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched from database establishment to April 2021, with the keywords "case analysis teaching", "clinical anesthesia teaching", and "effect analysis". Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis of experimental data.A total of 3 documents involving 143 students were analyzed to investigate the influence of case analysis teaching in clinical anesthesia education. The results showed that after case analysis teaching, students in the experiment group scored significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (MD =2.50, 95% CI: 1.84-3.16, Z=7.41, P0.00001).Studies have found that case analysis teaching allows students to better master knowledge. This meta-analysis analyzed 3 previous studies to investigate the influence of case analysis teaching in clinical anesthesia education.

Understanding the characteristics of time and distance gaps between the primary and second crashes is crucial for preventing secondary crash occurrences and improving road safety. Although previous studies have tried to analyze the variation of gaps, there is limited evidence in quantifying the relationships between different gaps and various influential factors. This study proposed a two-layer Stacking framework to discuss the time and distance gaps. Specifically, the framework took Random Forests, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting as the base classifiers in the first layer and applied Logistic Regression as a combiner in the second layer. On this basis, the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) technology was used to interpret the output of the Stacking model from both local and global perspectives. Through secondary crash identification and feature selection, 346 secondary crashes and 22 crash-related factors were collected from California interstate freeways. The results showed that the Stacking model outperformed base models evaluated by accuracy, precision, and recall indicators. The explanations based on LIME suggest that collision type, distance, speed, and volume are the critical features that affect the time and distance gaps. Higher volume can prolong queue length and increase the distance gap from the secondary to primary crashes. And collision types, peak periods, workday, truck involved, and tow away likely induce a long-distance gap. Conversely, there is a shorter distance gap when secondary roads run in the same direction and are close to the primary roads. Lower speed is a significant factor resulting in a long-time gap, while the higher speed is correlated with a short-time gap. These results are expected to provide insights into how contributory features affect the time and distance gaps and help decision-makers develop accurate decisions to prevent secondary crashes.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor disease that poses a significant threat to women’s health. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer in China has been increasing. This report aims to explore the effects of general anesthesia combined with a thoracic nerve block in modified breast cancer surgery. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify randomized controlled studies on breast cancer, general anesthesia combined with a thoracic nerve block, modified breast cancer surgery, and other breast cancer treatments. Further search criteria included postoperative pain score, postoperative morphine equivalents given 24 hours after surgery, and operation duration. After an initial selection process, the studies were evaluated using the Jadad scale and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions to assess their suitability for inclusion in the subsequent meta-analysis of the experimental data, which was carried out using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies comprising a total of 624 patients were selected for inclusion in this report. According to the meta-analysis, the analytical structure of the thoracic nerve group and the control group had a mean difference (MD) of −1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.68 to −0.86], the structure of the statistical test was Z=6.08 (P

Since 2019, new coronavirus pneumonia has been widespread worldwide and has had a direct impact on human life. Meanwhile, it also has a huge impact on teaching in universities and hospitals, especially in experimental courses. Cell biology is not only an important part of biology but also one of the most dynamic frontier branches of modern life science, which is also a science based on experiments. It is necessary to promote the online and offline teaching during this special period. To explore and evaluate the blended teaching modes during the COVID-19 epidemic, we changed the previous single teaching mode of “teaching + experiment” and published courseware and learning requirements online before class, this kind of mode takes “theory + virtual demonstration experiment” in class as the main body and the reviewing and thinking after class as the summary. We also carried out offline practice on a small scale when the epidemic allowed and actively explored the comprehensive online and offline teaching modes, in and out of class. Through the hybrid teaching, the percentage distribution of students in high and moderate scores ranges were greatly increased, the blended teaching mode also greatly improves students’ subjective initiative and highlights the development of students’ personalized thinking and scientific research ability. The practice of this model not only ensures the health of teachers and students during the epidemic but also provides a new teaching exploration model and thinking for the development of experimental courses during the epidemic.

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the novel sedative/hypnotic agent HSK3486, a 2,6-disubstituted alkylphenol analogue.Methods: The mechanism of action of HSK3486 was studied in competitive binding assays and whole-cell patch clamp assays. HSK3486 was administered by bolus intravenous injection to dogs and rats, and the loss of righting reflex as well as effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were assessed. The in vitro metabolism of HSK3486 was analyzed by CYP450 genotyping and enzyme inhibition.Results: HSK3486 competed with t-butylbicycloorthobenzoate (TBOB) and t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) for binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. HSK3486 potentiated GABA-evoked chloride currents at lower concentrations while activating GABAA receptor at higher concentrations. HSK3486 induced hypnosis in rats and dogs, and had a higher therapeutic index than propofol in rats. The hypnotic potency of HSK3486 was approximately 4-5 fold higher than that of propofol. HSK3486 exerted minimal effects on the cardiovascular system.Conclusions: HSK3486 is a positive allosteric regulator and direct agonist of GABAA receptor. It has a promising sedative/hypnotic effect and good in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, which justify further studies towards its clinical application.