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Integrated circuit industry is a strategic, fundamental and pilot industry that supports economic and social development. It has high water consumption and drainage. The quality characteristics of integrated circuit wastewaters were classified, including ammonia wastewater, fluorine wastewater, acid and alkali wastewater, organic wastewater, copper wastewater, and grinding wastewater. The treatment processes and technologies of up-to-standard discharge, pollutant resource recovery, and water reuse treatment of wastewater containing different pollutants were summarized. The physicochemical processes for up-to-standard discharge treatment included coagulation sedimentation, filtration and adsorption to treat fluorine-containing, copper-containing and grinding wastewater, and biochemical processes included hydrolytic acidification, internal circulation anaerobic reactor, AO, and membrane bioreactor to treat ammonia-containing and organic wastewater. Advanced oxidation and electrolysis technology received much attention in recent years. The resource recovery technologies for pollutants such as fluorine, copper and tetramethylammonium hydroxide in wastewater included ultrafiltration and electrodialysis. Wastewater reuse treatment technologies and processes included coagulation sedimentation, membrane bioreactor and filtration. Reverse osmosis was the core of wastewater reuse treatment, with the goal of producing industrial pure water for integrated circuit manufacturing. Finally, the problems faced in wastewater treatment were discussed. Corresponding control methods were suggested: improving the collection system, strengthening the removal of heavy metals and refractory organic pollutants to reduce the biological toxicity of wastewater, and using pretreatment, fouling monitoring, membrane cleaning, and developing new membrane materials methods to control reverse osmosis membrane fouling.

For the coordinated development of regional logistics, there is a need to break down the administrative barriers between cities and build an efficient and smooth regional logistics network. Integrating regional logistics resources to achieve cross-regional optimal allocation is essential for efficient logistics networks. The accessibility and high capacity of the railway transportation network make it possible and necessary for the coordinated construction of railway transportation and logistics networks. This paper studies a bilevel programming model to analyse the collaborative network planning process of railway transportation and logistics. The objective is to take into account the existing layout of regional railway traffic network and the future needs of regional logistics. For the upper level of the bilevel programming model, the social, economic, and logistics service index of regional railway traffic nodes is considered to determine the numbers and locations of radiation of the cities. Meanwhile, the lower programming model uses a logistics gravity model, 0-1 integer programming model, and logistics membership degree to calculate the logistics correlation between node cities and the radiation range of the hub cities. An empirical study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China shows the process and effectiveness of the bilevel programming model. Four distinctive logistics radiation circles, five trunk lines, nine hub-spoke branch lines, and six branch lines are suggested. A railway traffic-oriented regional logistics network provides a reference for regional railway traffic planning, thereby optimizing the allocation of regional logistics resources, improving the level of regional logistics services, and contributing to the development of the regional logistics industry., Author(s): Taoxing Zhu (corresponding author) [1]; Yuqing Xu [1,2]; Junyi Zhang [3]; Bukang Zhao [1] 1. Introduction Logistics is a phenomenon factor flow that supports regional sustainable development. Logistics channels [...]

The application of organic coatings is the most cost-effective and common method for metallic equipment toward corrosion, whose anti-corrosion property needs to be improved and evaluated in a short time. To rapidly and rationally assess the anti-corrosion property of organic coatings in the ocean splash zone, a new accelerated test was proposed. In the study, the corrosion protection property of the coating samples was measured by an improved AC-DC-AC test in a simulated seawater of 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, a simulated ocean splash zone test and a new accelerated test combining the above two tests. The results showed that the corrosion rate of the coating samples was high in the improved AC-DC-AC test, which lost its anti-corrosion property after 24 cycles equal to 96 h. The main rapid failure reason was that the time of the water and corrosive media arriving at the carbon steel substrate under the alternating cathodic and anodic polarization with symmetrical positive and negative electric charges was shortened. The entire impedance of the coating samples was improved by about 1.6 times more than that in the initial early time in the simulated ocean splash zone test, which was caused by the damage effect from the salt spraying, drying, humidifying, salt immersion, high temperature and UVA irradiation being weaker than the enhancement effect from the post-curing process by the UVA irradiation. In the new accelerated test, the samples lost their corrosion resistance after 12 cycles equal to 288 h with the fastest failure rate. On account of the coupling process of the salt spraying, drying, humidifying, salt immersion, high temperature combined with the cathodic and anodic polarization and the UVA irradiation, the penetration and transmission rate of water and corrosive media in the coating were further accelerated, the corrosion rate on the carbon steel substrate was reinforced even larger and the destruction of the top polymer molecules was more serious. The new accelerated test showed the strongest damage-acceleration effect than that in the other two tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important food crops in the world, rice yield is directly related to national food security. Lodging is one of the most important factors restricting rice production, and the cultivation of rice varieties with lodging resistance is of great significance in rice breeding. The lodging resistance of rice is directly related to the mechanical strength of the stalks. In this paper, we reviewed the cell wall structure, its components, and its genetic regulatory mechanism, which improved the regulatory network of rice stalk mechanical strength. Meanwhile, we analyzed the new progress in genetic breeding and put forward some scientific problems that need to be solved in this field in order to provide theoretical support for the improvement and application of rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity in tropical regions is facing threats from agricultural expansion and intensification. Therefore, a promising future for local ecosystem conservation depends not only on traditional protected areas but also on well‐managed agricultural landscapes. In this study, we compared the ecological traits of bird species in paddy fields outside of protected areas and natural forests within the protected areas of Xishuangbanna, southern China. There were 148 species in total, of which 98 were in forests and 55 in paddy fields. The abundance of birds in paddy fields was 176 per kilometer, which was much higher than the 60 per kilometer in forests. There were 26 law‐protected species observed, half of which were found in each habitat. The main functional groups living in nature reserves are invertivores and frugivores, whereas paddy fields provide habitats for aquatic predator and granivore bird species. Our results indicate that paddy fields act as a refuge for wetland and grassland bird species when natural wetlands disappear, highlighting the urgent need to focus more on wetland protection and eco‐friendly agricultural schemes at the landscape scale in future conservation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has shown good performance in screening common aneuploidies. However, its performance in detecting fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) needs to be evaluated in a large cohort. In this retrospective observation, a total of 116,862 women underwent NIPS based on DNA nanoball sequencing from 2015 to 2022. SCAs were diagnosed based on karyotyping or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Among them, 2,084 singleton pregnancies received karyotyping and/or CMA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of NIPS for fetal SCAs were evaluated. The sensitivity was 97.7% (95%CI, 87.7–99.9), 87.3% (95% CI, 76.5–94.4), 96.1% (95%CI, 86.5–99.5), and 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1–99.9), the PPV was 25.8% (95%CI, 19.2–33.2), 80.9% (95%CI, 69.5–89.4), 79.0% (95%CI, 66.8–88.3), and 53.7% (95%CI, 37.4–69.3) for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX, and 47,XYY, respectively. The specificity was 94.1% (95%CI, 93.0–95.1) for 45,X, and more than 99.0% for sex chromosome trisomy (SCT). The NPV was over 99.0% for all. NIPS screening for fetal SCAs has high sensitivity, specificity and NPV. The PPV of SCAs was moderate, but that of 45,X was lower than that of SCTs. Invasive prenatal diagnosis should be recommended for high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]