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The repair of secondary critical bone defects is an international medical challenge. Bone tissue engineering provides methods and technology for bone repair. The bone regeneration mechanism serves as inspiration for the material and structural design of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In terms of materials, this review draws inspiration from the biological characteristics of host cells in the osteogenic microenvironment (including osteoblast lineage, vascular cell lineage, inflammatory cells, etc.), reviewing the regulatory mechanisms of bone self-healing and proposing autonomous living materials scaffolds which prepared by in-situ manufacturing. Autonomous living scaffolds regulate cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in real time by releasing living cells steadily for long-term. Regarding structure, we review the functional role of natural bone structures in bone homeostasis, providing insights into the design of bone-inspired scaffolds. Due to the conflict between the mechanical properties and bone regeneration ability, this review proposes assembled scaffolds. They can prolong the half-life of living cells, provide mechanical support and attachment points for new bone growth, and autonomously regulate osteogenic microenvironment. The assembled scaffolds have potential to advance the research progress in bone tissue engineering field and pave the way for novel clinical bone repair treatments.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the parenting characteristics of young patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and explore the sex differences. The parental rearing pattern of young patients with BD was measured and compared with the healthy control of young adults. The EMBU scale was used to assess parental rearing patterns. Patients with BD reported significantly higher scores in the punishment and severity index, as well as of the rejection and denial index, but lower scores in the warmth & affectionate index in the paternal rearing pattern, compared with healthy controls. In addition, patients scored higher on the punishment and severity index and rejection and patterns index in maternal rearing patterns. More importantly, we found significant sex differences in maternal rearing patterns (pBonferroni

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases in solanaceous plants, including peppers. It generally tends to be more serious under warm−temperature and moist (WM) conditions than at moist room−temperature (RM) conditions. Although immunity mechanisms at room temperature have been intensively studied, the mechanisms underlying WM conditions remain poorly understood. Herein, the pepper cysteine protease CaZingipain2 was expressed and functionally characterized in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum at WM conditions and at room temperature. The results showed that CaZingipain2 localized to the nucleus and was upregulated at the transcript level in pepper plants upon R. solanacearum infection under WM conditions (RSWM). Virus−induced gene silencing of CaZingipain2 significantly increased the susceptibility of pepper plants to RSWM, and was coupled with the downregulation of CaPRP1 and CaMgst3, which are specifically related to pepper immunity against RSWM, according to our previous studies, while its overexpression significantly reduced the susceptibility of N. benethamiana plants to RSWM compared to that of wild−type plants. In addition, our data showed that CaZingipain2 also acts positively in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum infection at room temperature by upregulating the SA− and JA−responsive PR genes, including CaNPR1 and CaDEF1. All these results indicate that CaZingipain2 improves pepper immunity against R. solanacearum under WM conditions and at room temperature by regulating different PR genes.

Abstract Owing to their unique advantages, single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (SETENGs) have gained wide attention and have been applied in myriad areas, especially in the burgeoning flexible/wearable electronics. However, there is still a lack of a clear understanding of SETENGs. For example, previous simulation models generally put the reference electrode perpendicularly below the working part, but in practice, the reference electrode is designed in various scenarios and noticeable differences in outputs often occur when the reference electrode changes. With SETENGs developing towards wearability and portability, its reference electrode is often required to be constructed inside the device. Consequently, to achieve optimum performance, it is essential to understand the reference electrode's influence on the outputs. Here, the influence of the reference electrode on the performance of SETENGs is systematically investigated and the targeted optimization strategies are thoroughly revealed. First, theoretical simulations are conducted to investigate the reference electrode's effect on the performance of SETENGs with different structures and in various working modes. Secondly, the theoretical results are certified through corresponding experiments. Based on the results, the targeted optimization strategies for SETENGs are comprehensively demonstrated. This work provides fundamental guidance for the development of TENGs and the design and fabrication of new electronic devices.

BackgroundsThe widespread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacted the mental health of infected patients admitted to Fangcang shelter hospital a large-scale, temporary structure converted from existing public venues to isolate patients with mild or moderate symptoms of COVID-19 infection.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the risk factors of the infected patients from a new pharmacological perspective based on psychiatric drug consumption rather than questionnaires for the first time.MethodsWe summarised the medical information and analysed the prevalence proportion, characteristics, and the related risk factors of omicron variants infected patients in the Fangcang Shelter Hospital of the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai) from 9 April 2022 to 31 May 2022.ResultsIn this study, 6,218 individuals at 3.57% of all admitted patients in the Fangcang shelter were collected suffering from mental health problems in severe conditions including schizophrenia, depression, insomnia, and anxiety who needed psychiatric drug intervention. In the group, 97.44% experienced their first prescription of psychiatric drugs and had no diagnosed historical psychiatric diseases. Further analysis indicated that female sex, no vaccination, older age, longer hospitalization time, and more comorbidities were independent risk factors for the drug-intervened patients.ConclusionThis is the first study to analyse the mental health problems of omicron variants infected patients hospitalised in Fangcang shelter hospitals. The research demonstrated the necessity of potential mental and psychological service development in Fangcang shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic and other public emergency responses.

Numerical well testing is used mostly in oil/gas, geothermal, and coalbed methane injection/falloff well-testing interpretations while few published studies have been presented on how to adjust the models and numerical experiments parameters. Meanwhile, there is no simple and highly applicable evaluation standard on the approximation degree between the simulated and field-measured pressure response. In this paper, seven groups of numerical experiments were conducted to obtain the simulated pressure response. The Pearson correlation coefficients and the grey correlation between the simulated and field-measured pressure response were calculated to evaluate the approximation degree. In homogeneous, stress-independent, multi-layered, heterogeneous and integrated models, the simulated pressure response curves all fit to the field data well at the early and late time of the falloff period. However, the highest approximation degree was only found in the integrated model. Finally, the permeability, initial pressure, skin factor and investigation radius of the tested CBM reservoir were determined. The results show that, to obtain a reliable interpretation result, it is best to give an approximation degree evaluation standard on the approximation degree between the simulated and field-measured pressure response, build an integrated numerical model, and input the correct parameters, such as the effective thickness and the testing fluid viscosity. Otherwise, it will also drop into a pitfall of multi-results. The method we used is very relevant to CBM exploration and safe mining in Hedong coalfield.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high cytotoxicity to kill cancer cells, holding great promise for cancer treatment. Fractionated delivery of singlet oxygen (1O2) is a wise approach to relieving hypoxia, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. In this article, an anthracene-functionalized semiconducting compound (DPPA) has been designed and synthesized. With irradiation, the compound is able to undergo efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and non-radioactive decay for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy. In addition, the anthracene module is able to capture and release 1O2 reversibly with or without irradiation. DPPA nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by nanoprecipitation with DSPE-PEG exhibit considerable high phototoxicity on human kidney cancer cells (A498), and the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 15.8 μg/ml. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrates that complete tumor suppression was observed when the mice were administered DPPA NPs with the help of laser, compared with the control and dark groups. The H&E analysis of the normal tissues (the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney) indicates that such NPs cause no side effects, indicating the biosafety of DPPA NPs. The results provide a strategy to design a heavy-atom–free photosensitizer for photothermal and fractionated PDT against kidney tumors.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have received much attention and application in transparent electrodes, wearable electronic devices, and sensors. The hope is for these nanowires to eventually replace the most commonly used transparent electrode material—indium tin oxide (ITO). However, electrospinning used for the preparation of AgNWs on a large scale is limited by its low productivity and high electric field, while the alcohol-thermal method is limited to mixing by-product silver nanoparticles in silver nanowires. We demonstrate a novel and simple centrifugal spinning approach in order to successfully fabricate ultra-long silver microfibers based on AgNO3 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The centrifugal-spun precursor fiber and silver fiber can be prepared to as thin as 390 and 310 nm, respectively. Annealed fibers show typical nanostructures with grains down to a minimum size of 51 nm. Combinations of different parameters, including concentrations of PVP, needle size, and annealing temperature are also investigated, in order to optimize the spinning process of ultra-long silver microfibers. The feasibility of preparing silver microfibers by centrifugal spinning is preliminarily verified, examining prospects for mass production. Furthermore, numerous strategies related to assisting the creation of silver nanofibers using centrifugal spinning are presented as possibilities in future development.

Semiconducting polymers have been widely used for phototheranostics due to their strong absorbance in near infrared region, high photostability, excellent photothermal conversion ability. In this paper, a heavy atom free tri-component semiconducting polymer PTVT has been designed and synthesized by a Stille coupling reaction. PTVT has a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (1O2 QY) of 42.2% in DCM remains high 1O2 generation ability for the DSPE-PEG coated PTVT nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by a nanoprecipitation approach. Owing to the PDT and PTT synergistic therapy (photothermal conversion efficiency ~52.6%), PTVT NPs show a low half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.9 μg/mL towards human lung cancer cells (A549) with laser irradiation. And simultaneously the dark toxicity of such NPs is almost negligible even at high concentrations. Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrates that the NPs are able to inhibit tumor proliferation with laser irradiation, compared with the control and dark group, suggesting the low dark toxicity and high phototoxicity of such NPs. The H&E stained pictures of the normal tissues indicate the biosafety of PTVT NPs in that no obvious damage of heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen was observed. The results provide an approach to designing heavy atom free semiconducting polymers for phototheranostics.

The design of assembly line layout is one of the most important influential factors for the company's performance. The inappropriate arrangement of the order of workstations in the assembly line could cause the excessive movement of the material. In order to increase productivity and reduce production cost, a multi-objective optimization model with minimum the transfer distance of semi-finished products and the total area of assembly line was established in this paper. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was applied to obtain the results of this model. The coding method, genetic operation and fitness function for three different kinds of sewing assembly line layouts (multi-line, U-shape two-line and U-shape three-line) were studied, while the workstations were organized in three ways: the order of processes, the type of machines, and the components of garment. The efficiency of the model was verified by the practice of sewing assembly lines for men's shirt. The layout schemes are compared with other algorithms. The results illustrated that NSGA-II algorithm is an effective tool to solve the sewing assembly line layout problem. The transfer distances of semi-finished products in the multi-line and U-shape (three-line) layouts arranged by garment components workstation layout were short. The multi-line layout arranged by the type of machines workstation layout occupied the smallest area. The model is suitable for solving the layout problem of the garment sewing workshop in practice, shortening the production cycle, and reducing the production cost. A variety of assembly line layout schemes are provided for apparel manufacturers in this paper. Apparel manufacturers can select the appropriate assembly line layout based on the actual conditions of the workshop and product.

Objective We aimed to investigate the symptoms of inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in different types of families, and to explore the correlations between family coherence, family adaptability, and family functioning among inpatients with BD. Methods Inpatients with BD in Hebei, China (n = 61; mean age = 33.85±10.54; 39 males) participated in this study. Participants’ symptoms were evaluated using the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after their admission to the hospital. Participants’ family type was assessed using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II–Chinese Version. Family functioning was assessed using Family Assessment Device. Results Participants were classified into three family types: balanced (n = 13), mid-range (n = 28), and extreme (n = 20). BRMS scores improved over time in patients from all three family types. Improvement was slightly better with the balanced than the extreme family type. HDRS scores showed an improving trend over time, although this was not significant. Family coherence, adaptability, and functioning were mutually correlated. Conclusion The family system and family functioning are important factors that clinicians should keep in mind when treating people with BD.

Apparel manufacturing is an industry with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. With the development of the low-carbon economy, low-carbon production in the apparel manufacturing industry become more and more imperative. The apparel industry is encountering great challenges in reducing carbon emissions. Garment sewing comprises a large number of processes, machines and operators. However, the existing studies lack quantitative analysis of carbon sources in the sewing process. This study analyzed the carbon emission characteristics in garment sewing production. Evaluation models of carbon emission were established for the sewing process in this research and the factors of fabrics, accessories, sewing machines and operators were included in the models. The results showed that fabrics and accessories were the main sources of carbon emissions in garment sewing production. The second largest carbon emission source was sewing machines, followed by operators. According to the evaluation models, the number of machines, operators and the utilization rate of the machines were related to the balance of the assembly line. A multi-objective optimization model aimed at minimizing the time loss rate and smoothness index of the assembly line was established, and a fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain the solution for carbon emission reduction. The men’s shirt assembly lines, based on three types of workstation layouts (the order of processes, the type of machines and the components of the garment), were applied to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results indicated that the total carbon emissions of the three assembly lines based on balance optimization were less than that of the normal assembly line. The assembly line of the workstations arranged in the order of processes was the best assembly line since it had the highest efficiency and the lowest carbon emissions.

Objective: To study the clinical effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy to one-on-one treatment on patients with early-onset schizophrenia. Methods: Totally, 133 patients with early-onset schizophrenia admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of our hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to whether group behavioral cognitive therapy was performed. The general demographic data of the patients were collected, and the propensity score matching method was used to balance the baseline data of the 2 groups. The Positive and negative syndrome scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale, severity of illness (SI), and efficacy index (EI) were compared between the 2 groups after matching. Results: After matching, 72 patients were included in our study. Compared to the control group, observation group PANSS score were decreased including after intervention (P > .05). Both groups showed a decrease between before and after treatments. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale reduction rate after treatment and total response rate were increased in the observation group (P <.001). Personal and Social Performance Scale of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores were higher than those of the control group. In the CGI scores, there is a significant difference that SI scores were lower in the observation group (P = .002), while EI scores were higher (P <.001). Conclusion: Group cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial to the improvement of mental symptoms and disease severity, social function, and curative effect, which is advocated and popularized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a virtual design process for a tight-fitting garment pattern for adapted consumer garments, aimed at consumers with scoliosis. The design process proposed is based on a virtual human model created using a 3D scanner, allowing simulation of the morphological shape of an individual with atypical physical deformations. Customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools are used in combination to create products through interactions between the consumer, designer and pattern maker. After following an interactive sequence: Scanning - Design - Display - Evaluation - Adjustment, a final design solution acceptable to both the designer and consumer can be obtained. Through this process, traditional 2D garment design knowledge, especially design rules influenced by the fabric information, is fully utilized to support the design process proposed. Using the knowledge based collaborative design process, design satisfaction can be largely improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]