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CavichianaMejdalani et al., 2014 was a formerly monotypic Cicadellinae genus exclusively found in bromeliads from southeastern Brazil. Here a new species is described, diagnosed, and illustrated from Itatiaia National Park, municipality of Itamonte, state of Minas Gerais (Mantiqueira mountain range); specimens were collected on Vriesea spp. (Bromeliaceae). Cavichiana alpina sp. nov. (male holotype in DZRJ) can be recognized by the following combination of features: (1) forewing clavus with basal portion and area along commissural margin orange, remainder of claval area blue (except dark brown apex); (2) corium with large blue area adjacent to claval sulcus, connected to blue area of clavus; (3) distal portion of female and male pygofer not sclerotized; (4) aedeagus with distinct basidorsal lobe and with apex narrowly rounded, not bearing crown of spines; and (5) female sternite VII with deep V-shaped posterior emargination. Notes on the distribution of the genus are provided and C. bromelicolaMejdalani et al., 2014 is newly recorded from southern Brazil.

The South American sharpshooter genus Subrasaca comprises 14 species. Some species of this genus are quite common in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. In this paper, a phylogenetic analysis of Subrasaca, based on a matrix of 20 terminal taxa and 72 morphological characters of the head, thorax, and male and female genitalia, is presented. The analysis yielded six equally most parsimonious trees (197 steps, CI = 0.6091, RI = 0.5722, and RC = 0.3486). The results suggest that Subrasaca is a monophyletic taxon, although the genus branch is not robust. The clade showing the highest bootstrap and Bremer scores is formed by species with longitudinal dark brown to black stripes on the forewings (Subrasaca bimaculata, Subrasaca constricta, Subrasaca curvovittata, and Subrasaca flavolineata), followed by Subrasaca atronasa + Subrasaca austera.

Xyphon Hamilton, 1985, Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon fulgidum (Nottingham 1932) (Figs 3 B, 4 B) Carneocephala fulgida Nottingham 1932 Xyphon fulgida (Nottingham 1932): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. A large leafhopper (female 5.5 ���6.0 mm; male 4.5 ���5.0 mm) lacking dark markings on the head. The densely reticulate forewings are similar to those of X. flaviceps, but X. fulgidum may be distinguished by the comparatively smaller ocelli (distance between ocelli greater than 7 times ocular width and ocelli located more than 2 times ocular width from edge of crown). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view distinctly angular (90 %) or evenly convex, (10 %); frontoclypeus entirely yellow with brown muscle scars variably developed. Crown lacking dark markings or lines anterior margin, angular; white band along boundary with face either complete (43 %), present but broken by face color (43 %), or absent (14 %); orange pigment absent; in lateral view concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular markings absent; circular indentations absent (90 %) or present (10 %); midline concolorous with lateral areas. Proepisternum with posterior edge not irregular (62 %) or irregular (38 %). Mesonotum, green, exposed areas unmarked. Forewing. Mainly green, including anal veins. Apex densely reticulate with many crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere with 4-5 paleate setae. Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow (100 %). Male genitalia. Pygofer basolateral setae scattered and erect; subgenital plate with macrosetae absent; pygofer and subgenital plates with fine setae present. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process acute, not compressed, wider than tall; in ventral view broadly ovoid; shaft in dorsal view not compressed. Ventral flange not distinct. Paraphyses in dorsal view forming ���U���. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 11 males and 10 females. Approximately 100 additional specimens were examined. Host plants. Collected from vinegarweed (Trichostema lanceolatum). Distribution. Known only from California. Primary type. Holotype (and 85 paratypes) deposited in the SEMC, University of Kansas. Holotype is a female in good condition. Verbatim label on holotype: Lemon Grove / Calif. 7-24 - 29 / B. H. Beamer., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 498-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon nudum (Nottingham 1932) (Figs 3 D, 4 D) Carneocephala nuda Nottingham 1932 Xyphon nuda (Nottingham 1932): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. This species is relatively small for the genus (female 4.5 mm; male 4.0 mm) with the head narrower than the pronotum. Xyphon nudum is similar to X. triguttatum, but has a completely unpatterned crown (which is often orange), pronotum, and mesonotum. The wings are dark green with yellowish-green veins. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view evenly convex (14 %) or distinctly angular (76 %); frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan (69 %), entirely yellow (sometimes with brown muscle scars) (21 %), or uniformly tan (muscle scars appearing slightly darker) (10 %). Crown angular (79 %) or rounded (21 %); white band present and complete (55 %) or present but broken by face color (41 %), rarely absent (3 %); median spot absent; medioapical macula absent or poorly delimited (72 %) or entirely yellow (possibly with brown spot) (28 %); dark markings (other than median spot) absent; dark lines absent; orange pigment present (93 %) or absent (7 %). Crown flat in lateral view. Postocellar maculae absent or weak. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head no more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum lacking dark green to brown circular markings and indentations; midline of pronotum white (93 %) or concolorous with lateral areas of pronotum (7 %). Mesonotum typically green (90 %) but rarely tan (10 %) with visible part unmarked (90 %) or with pair of submedial spots (10 %); proepisternum posterior edge not irregular (72 %) or irregular (28 %). Forewings. Wings mainly green (90 %) or tan (10 %) with anal veins white. Apex with few crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 1���3 (3 %) or 4���5 (97 %). Abdomen. Abdominal sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with basolateral setae scattered and erect. Subgenital plate with small scattered macrosetae. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process acute and compressed, taller than wide; in ventral view narrowly ovoid (without distinct angles); in dorsal view shaft not compressed. Paraphyses, dorsal view, forming a circle, oval, or U shape. Style with 1, rarely 2 setae. Host plants. No data available. Material examined. We coded 14 males, 15 females, and examined approximately 200 specimens. Distribution. Southwestern United States and Mexico. Primary type. Holotype, SEMC. Holotype is a male in good condition. Verbatim locality label on holotype: Pima Co. Ariz / July 27, 1927 / P.A. Readio Additional notes. Although X. nudum was derived from within a clade comprising the four included specimens of X. reticulatum in the phylogenetic analyses, the former is morphologically distinct and is here retained as a valid species. More detailed studies will be needed to determine whether X. nudum is an extreme color variant of X. reticulatum (see Notes under the latter species)., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon gillettei (Ball 1901) (Figs 3 C, 4 C) Draeculacephala gillettei Ball 1901 Carneocephala gillettei (Ball 1901): (Ball 1927) Carneocephala balli Knull 1940 ���NEW SYNONYM Xyphon gillettei (Ball 1901): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon balli (Knull 1940): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. A large leafhopper usually with brown markings on crown. Similar to X. spadice but with macrosetal formula of hind femur 2 +0. Aedeagus with dorsal process not compressed (much wider than tall). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view convex; frontoclypeus entirely yellow (possibly with brown muscle scars) (96 %) or mottled yellow and tan (4 %). Crown with anterior margin rounded; white band absent; median spot present, but poorly defined (56 %) or present and well defined (44 %); medioapical macula brown but poorly delimited (84 %) or dark brown and well defined (16 %), almost always surrounded by cream; dark markings (other than median spot) present; light brown lines concentrated medially, orange pigment absent; postocellar maculae absent or weak (96 %) or large and well developed (4 %); in lateral view concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum, dark green to brown circular markings absent; circular indentations present; midline variably white (72 %), or concolorus with lateral areas (28 %). Mesonotum, straw colored with visible parts unmarked (72 %), very lightly marked (12 %), with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles (8 %), or anterolateral triangles only (8 %); proepisternum, posterior edge, without irregular edge (92 %) or with irregular edge (8 %). Forewings. Green pigment usually absent (96 %) but rarely present (4 %); wing majority colored straw (96 %) or less commonly green (4 %), anal veins white (52 %) or forewing pale blue (48 %). Apex with few crossveins (but more than 3). Legs. Hind femur, macrosetal formula 2 +0. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 1���3 (4 %) or 4���5 (96 %). Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly red/orange (83 %) or mostly yellow (17 %). Male genitalia. Pygofer with scattered and errect basolateral setae (75 %) or absent (25 %). Subgenital plate, macrosetae, large and forming distinct band (82 %) or small and scattered (18 %). Pygofers and subgenital plates with fine setae. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process, acute and not compressed (so wider than tall). Shaft in ventral view, narrow with basolateral expansions distinct; not compressed in dorsal view. Paraphyses, dorsal view, forming a circle, an oval; or forming a ���U���. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 12 males, 11 females, and 1 unknown. Five additional specimens were also examined but not coded. Host plants. Salicornia sp. and Suaeda sp. Distribution. Known from Colorado and Arizona. Primary types. Lectotype at the USNM. Verbatim label for Draeculacephala gillettei: N. Colo / 3 20 ��� 98. Lectotype is a male in good condition. Although lectotype label under specimen notes that it was designated by P. W. Oman in 1946, it was actually designated as such in 1947 (Oman 1947). Verbatim label for Carneocephala balli: ���Holbrook, Ar. / VII- 28-38 // D.J. and J. N. Knull Collrs.��� This specimen is deposited at OSU and is a male in good condition, genitalia cleared and stored in glycerin under specimen. Reasons for synonymy. Consistent morphological differences were not found to separate X. balli from X. gillettei. The original description of X. balli states that it is smaller than X. gillettei, but the paper did not describe or illustrate the male genitalia. Dissection of the holotype of X. balli revealed genitalia identical to those of X. gillettei. While specimens identified as X. balli tend to be smaller, specimens of intermediate size were examined and this size variation is here interpreted as intraspecific., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Key to the species of Xyphon 1. Forewing apex densely reticulate, with more than 15 cells (Fig. 3 A)............................................. 2 -. Forewing apex not densely reticulate, with few crossveins creating regular cells (Fig. 3 C)............................ 3 2 (1). Distance between ocelli more than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view (Fig. 4 B); distance from ocellus to margin of head more than 2 times width of ocellus (Fig. 4 B); California.......................................... Xyphon fulgidum -. Distance between ocelli less than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view; distance from ocellus to margin of head less than 2 times width of ocellus; United States east of Rocky Mountains, Mexico.............................. Xyphon flaviceps 3 (1 b). Crown and pronotum without dark markings (Fig. 4 D); southwestern United States, Mexico............... Xyphon nudum -. Crown and pronotum with one or more dark spots (Fig. 4 H).................................................... 4 4 (3 b). Crown concave in lateral view (Fig. 3 C).................................................................... 5 -. Crown convex or flat in lateral view (Fig. 3 A)............................................................... 6 5 (4). Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 +0; Colorado and Arizona........................................ Xyphon gillettei -. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1; Mexico............................................. Xyphon spadice sp. nov. 6 (4 b). Head with single black spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 H), lacking other dark markings (Fig. 4 H); clypellus in pro- file evenly convex, continuing contour of frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 F); western United States.............. Xyphon triguttatum -. Head usually with more dark areas than single spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 F); clypellus in profile with ventral half forming angle with dorsal half and frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 E); southern United States south through Brazil, Caribbean islands, introduced into western Africa, and various Pacific islands including Hawaii, Guam, Taiwan, and Japan................................................................................................... Xyphon reticulatum, Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 496-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon reticulatum (Signoret 1854) (Figs 3 E, 4 E, 4 F) Tettigonia reticulata Signoret 1854 Tettigonia (Diedrocephala) sagittifera Uhler 1895 ���NEW SYNONYM Tettigonia diducta Fowler 1900 - NEW SYNONYM Draeculacephala reticulata (Signoret 1854): Ball 1901 Draeculacephala sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Olsen 1918 Tettigonia dyeri Gibson 1919 ���NEW SYNONYM Carneocephala sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Ball 1927 Carneocephala dyeri (Gibson 1919): Nottingham 1932 Carneocephala diducta (Fowler 1900): Young 1977 Xyphon diducta (Fowler 1900): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon dyeri (Gibson 1919): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon reticulata (Signoret 1854): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. This species has a highly variable coloration with wings ranging from green to almost black. It is similar to X. triguttatum but with variable markings on the crown and pronotum. The head and crown can be solid colored (often tan, but never orange like X. nudum) or marked with dark brown on a creamy background. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view distinctly angular; color pattern of frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan (16 %) or mottled dark brown and yellow (84 %). Crown, anterior margin, angular (97 %) or rounded (3 %); with white band along edge of face complete (49 %), present but broken by face color (46 %), or absent (5 %); median spot well defined (51 %), poorly defined (24 %), or absent (24 %); medioapical macula, absent or poorly delimited (35 %), entirely yellow (possibly with brown spot) (5 %), tan with darker markings (or uniformly tan) (5 %) or dark brown (54 %); medial spot, completely surrounded by cream pigment (53 %), lacking medial spot (26 %), or not surrounded by cream pigment (21 %); dark markings (other than median spot) absent (68 %) or present (32 %); dark lines, mostly brown with light patches (43 %), absent (24 %), irregular brown spots (22 %), medioapical macula only (8 %), or light brown lines (concentrated in middle of the crown) (3 %), orange pigment absent (95 %) or present (5 %). Postocellar maculae, absent or weak (59 %) or part of a broader pattern (41 %); in lateral view crown convex. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head no more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular marking present (78 %) or absent (22 %) circular indentations absent (95 %) or present (5 %); midline white (92 %) or concolorous with lateral areas of pronotum (7 %). Mesonotum green with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles (53 %), very lightly marked (42 %), unmarked (3 %), or with pair of submedial spots (3 %). Transpleural macula often incomplete and poorly delimited (84 %) but in some specimens absent (16 %). Proepistermum, posterior edge not irregular (89 %) or irregular (11 %). Thoracic sterna of male yellow (80 %) or meosternum with brown longitudinal macula (20 %). Forewings. Green pigment absent (89 %) or present (11 %). Wing overall color black/brown (47 %), gray (39 %), green (11 %), or straw (5 %). Anal veins green (92 %), or white (8 %). Apex with few crossveins. Legs. Hind femur, macrosetal formula, 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae, typically 4���5 (97 %) but rarely absent (3 %). Abdomen. Abdominal sterna of male mostly yellow. Male Genitalia. Pygofer, erect basolateal setae scattered (97 %) or absent (3 %). Subgenital plate, macrosetae scattered (91 %) or in a distinct band (9 %). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view dorsal process acute, compressed (taller than wide) (96 %) or wider than tall (4 %). Shaft in ventral view arrow-shaped; dorsal view not compressed. Paraphyses in dorsal view, form oval (61 %), ���U��� (26 %), or circle (13 %). Style with 1 (97 %) or 2 (3 %) setae. Material examined. We coded 36 males and 6 females. Additionally, we examined approximately 5,000 specimens. Host data. Collected from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Distribution. This species is widespread ranging from the southern tier of states in the US south through Central America to Brazil. It also is found in the Caribbean. This species has been accidentally introduced in a number of countries including the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guam, the Philippines, and other Pacific Islands. Primary type. A holotype (which was not available for this revision) is located at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria) according to Nottingham (1927). Cotypes of Tettigonia (Diedrocephala) sagittifera at the USNM. Verbatim locality label: St. Vincent / W.I / H.H. Smith / 17 // Co-Type/ No. 10212 / U.S. N.M. To fix the identity of the taxon, we are here designating one of these specimens, a male, as the lectotype. Lectotype of Tettigonia diducta at the BMNH. Verbatim locality label: Amula / Guerreio 6000 ft / Aug. H. H. Smith // Biol. Centr. Am., Homop. Holotype of Tettigonia dyeri deposited in USNM verbatim locality label: Honduras / Tegucigulpa // June / 29 78 // FJDyer / Coll // 71612 / 42620 // Type number: 22114 Reasons for synonymy. Study of large numbers of specimens identified as X. reticulatum and the taxa here treated as synonyms revealed a morphocline in which individuals collected farther from the equator tend to be lighter in color. Tropical specimens often have black wings, dark heads, and large dark markings on the mesonotum. Specimens collected from the southeastern United States have green wings and have much lighter markings on the head and mesonotum. It is conceivable that a desert dwelling population equivalent to the concept of X. nudum would be completely lacking dark markings on the head or mesonotum, but the latter species is retained pending further study. Examination of Xyphon specimens representing populations established in areas outside their native range provided further evidence in support of the proposed synonymies. Color variation among specimens from West Africa and Guam, representing adventive populations, was similar to the variation observed among specimens identified as the 4 species here treated as synonyms. The proposed synonymy was also supported by molecular data, with parsimony and Bayesian Analysis grouping specimens representing 3 of the 4 color forms into a single clade, and individual color forms did not segregate as distinct clades., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 501-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Key to the species of Xyphon 1. Forewing apex densely reticulate, with more than 15 cells (Fig. 3 A)............................................. 2 -. Forewing apex not densely reticulate, with few crossveins creating regular cells (Fig. 3 C)............................ 3 2 (1). Distance between ocelli more than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view (Fig. 4 B); distance from ocellus to margin of head more than 2 times width of ocellus (Fig. 4 B); California.......................................... Xyphon fulgidum -. Distance between ocelli less than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view; distance from ocellus to margin of head less than 2 times width of ocellus; United States east of Rocky Mountains, Mexico.............................. Xyphon flaviceps 3 (1 b). Crown and pronotum without dark markings (Fig. 4 D); southwestern United States, Mexico............... Xyphon nudum -. Crown and pronotum with one or more dark spots (Fig. 4 H).................................................... 4 4 (3 b). Crown concave in lateral view (Fig. 3 C).................................................................... 5 -. Crown convex or flat in lateral view (Fig. 3 A)............................................................... 6 5 (4). Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 +0; Colorado and Arizona........................................ Xyphon gillettei -. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1; Mexico............................................. Xyphon spadice sp. nov. 6 (4 b). Head with single black spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 H), lacking other dark markings (Fig. 4 H); clypellus in pro- file evenly convex, continuing contour of frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 F); western United States.............. Xyphon triguttatum -. Head usually with more dark areas than single spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 F); clypellus in profile with ventral half forming angle with dorsal half and frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 E); southern United States south through Brazil, Caribbean islands, introduced into western Africa, and various Pacific islands including Hawaii, Guam, Taiwan, and Japan................................................................................................... Xyphon reticulatum

Xyphon flaviceps (Riley, 1880) (Figs 3 A, 4 A) Diedrocephala flaviceps Riley, 1880 Tettigonia flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Johnson & Fox (1892) Carneocephala flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Nottingham (1932) Xyphon flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Hamilton (1985) Diagnosis. This relatively large species (female 5.0��� 6.3 mm; male 4.5 ���5.0 mm resembles X. fulgidum in having the forewing venation densely reticulate, but differs in having larger ocelli which are separated by a distance of less than 7 times the ocellar width and located on the head less than 2 times the ocellar width from the edge of the crown. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view evenly convex (57 %) or distinctly angular (43 %). Frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan. Crown rounded (96 %) or angular (4 %); white band usually present but broken by face color (65 %), less commonly absent (22 %) or complete (13 %); dark markings absent; orange pigment present; in lateral view concave (17 %) or flat (83 %). Distance from ocelli to lateral margin of crown no more than 2 times ocellar width; distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocellar width. Thorax. Pronotum lacking dark green to brown circular markings at anterior margin; circular indentations absent; midline concolorous with lateral parts (83 %) or white (17 %). Color of mesonotum green. Visible part of mesonotum unmarked. Proepisternum with posterior edge regular. Forewings. Mostly green (78 %) or gray (22 %); anal veins green (96 %) or pale blue (4 %). Apex with many crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1 (96 %) or 2 + 1 + 1 (4 %). Plantar surface of hind tarsosome with paleate setae variable, most commonly 1���3 (65 %) or less commonly 4���5 (17 %) or absent (9 %). Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with basolateral setae scattered. Subgenital plate with small and scattered macrosetae. Aedeagal shaft in ventral view ovoid, broad (83 %) or narrow (17 %); in lateral view with dorsal process acute and compressed (8 %) or not (92 %); dorsal process wider than tall (92 %) rarely taller than wide (8 %); ventral flange not distinct. Paraphyses in dorsal view forming oval (42 %) or circle (58 %). Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 14 males and 9 females. Approximately 1,000 additional specimens were examined. Host plants. Collected from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa (Medicago sp.), beebalm (Monarda sp.), prickly Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), miscellaneous flowers, weeds, and pasture. Distribution. Eastern and central United States from Gulf Coast to Wisconsin and Atlantic coast to New Mexico. Also found in Mexico. Primary type. Two cotypes located in the USNM were examined. One of these specimens is here designated as the lectotype. The lectotype, a male in good condition, appears to have been removed from a series of X. flaviceps all mounted on single pin. It was chosen as the lectotype because it is in good condition and is the only specimen from the series that is individually mounted. Verbatim label data: ���Feb, 9 / 76 / Texas// injuring wheat + oats / Texas Jan 1 76 ���. The lectotype is here designated to fix the identity of the species based on the best preserved male specimen in the original type series. Other notes. This species was at one time incorrectly synonymized by Ball with X. reticulatum, so it is common to see determination labels reflecting this., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 497-498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon spadice Catanach & Dietrich, new species (Figs 3 G, 4 I, 5) Diagnosis. This is a large leafhopper with brown markings on the crown similar to those of X. gillettei, but with wider markings on the head and at most 2 extra preapical forewing crossveins, the macrosetal formula of the hind femur 2 + 1, and the dorsal process of the aedeagus not compressed (much wider than tall). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view is evenly convex; frontoclypeus entirely yellow (possibly with brown muscle scars). Crown in anterior margin rounded; white band complete or absent; median spot present and well defined; medioapical macula dark brown and well defined; almost always surrounded by cream. Additional dark markings present; irregular brown spots or a brown background with light patches are present; orange pigment absent; postocellar maculae, absent or well developed. In lateral view crown concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular markings and circular; midline white. Mesonotum, straw visible part with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles or very lightly marked; proepisternum with posterior edge irregular. Forewings. Lacking green pigment; wing mostly straw, anal veins pale blue. Apex with 2 crossveins. Legs. Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 4��� 5. Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with scattered erect basolateral setae. Subgenital plate with irregular oblique row of small stout setae. Other setae of pygofer and subgenital plates small and scattered. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with acute, not compressed dorsal process wider than tall; shaft in ventral view, narrow with distinct basolateral expansions; shaft in dorsal view not compressed. Paraphyses in dorsal view, forming an oval. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 2 males. An additional male was available, but it appeared to be parasitized and lacked normal genitalia. A total of 30 specimens were available for this species. Host plants. No data available. Distribution. Known from Mexico. Holotype verbatim label: Mexico: Zac: rt 23 31km / S Fresnillo, 2300m / N 22.90645 W 102.93929 / 23 -x- 2005, C.H.Dietrich / MX 05- 3303 sweeping��� [INHS]. 29 paratypes, 3 at INHS, 25 at SEC, and 1 at CNC: Deposited at INHS: 2 with identical label as above; 1 with MEXICO: Jalisco, rt. 80 / km# 149 NE Lagos de Moreno / 1875m, 21 �� 22 'N 101 �� 53 'E / 18 Oct 2001,G. Moya-Raygoza / sweeping, MX 01- 17 GMR. 1 at the CNC: San Juan Del Rio / 10 Mi. E. Quere Taro / Mex. 30 - VII- 1954 / J. G. Chillcott. Deposited at SEC: 14 with MEXICO: San Luis Potosi / 9 mi NM San Luis Potosi / 25 Oct 1981 / HDBlocker. 3 with MEXICO: Guanajuato / 3 mi S San Luis de la Paz / 24 Oct 1981 / HDBlocker. 8 with MEXICO: Queretaro / 6 mi N Queretaro / 24 Oct. 1981 / HDBlocker. Types. Holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited at the INHS, 25 paratypes are deposited at the SEC, and the remaining paratype is deposited at the CNC. The holotype is a cleared male in good condition with genitalia in a vial under the specimen. Additionally one parasitized male is in the collection but was not coded due to deformations of the genitalia. Etymology. Latin for the color chestnut which is found on the forewings of members of this species., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604