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Administrative leadership, both within and outside educational contexts, remains a male-centric field. Female leaders often are evaluated based on male leadership characteristics, a practice particularly evident in India's education sector. In India, only 35% of academics are women and even fewer are represented in leadership positions. This paper explores the experiences of two women working in administrative leadership positions in two Indian high schools. Interviews and questionnaires provided insight into how they perceived their opportunities, experienced barriers, and understood the impact of gender discrimination on their lives. The findings of this study are anticipated to encourage and provide insights to women who may aspire to assume academic leadership positions in education.

Earthworms play a crucial role in soil fertility through decomposition, nutrient mineralization and water infiltration, and they are used as a standard organism in ecotoxicological testing. However, to use them for evaluations of environmental pollution, knowledge on the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within this species as they undergo different environmental conditions such as treatment to heavy metal insecticides, herbicides, salinity and polluted soil, vermifiltration etc. that cause stress. Due to oxidative stress, the growth and reproductive potential of earthworms are affected because of an imbalance between antioxidant enzymes and Reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study provides a fundamental understanding of the antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in three earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Pheretima posthuma) at various stages of their lives. Before studying their usage as potential biomarkers, it is necessary to explore the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within these species which serve as the quintessential terrestrial invertebrates in evaluations of environmental pollution. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative stress marker, were measured in the total body of juvenile, sub-adult, and adult earthworms. SOD and CAT activities respectively declined and increased with age in all earthworm species and maximum SOD activity (4.86 U/g FW) and CAT activity (12.33 U/g FW) were found in respectively juvenile (EF-J) and adult (EF-A) stages of E. fetida. In P. posthuma, APX and POD activities rose with age. APX activity was significantly maximum (6.18 U/g FW) in P. posthuma adult stage (PP-A) whereas significant maximum POD activity (0.46±0.01ΔOD/min) in EF-J stage. H2O2, an oxidative stress marker, increased with age in all earthworm species. P. posthuma adult (PP-A) had the maximum activity (4.06 µmole/g FW), and EF-J life stage had the lowest activity (1.35 µmole/g FW). In response to increased oxidative stress (H2O2), the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and POD) work together. Overall, Eisenia fetida performed better than E. eugeniae and P. posthuma. This study fills the gaps in antioxidant enzyme activities at the different age stages of earthworms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An essential and necessary component of any investigation into a sudden, suspicious death is the medico-legal autopsy. It's critical to understand the profile of medico-legal autopsy cases in order to ascertain the mortality rate from non-natural causes in a given area and addressing the demographic requirements in accordance with the region's unique mortality statistics. Material & Method: The present study was a retrospective study of autopsies performed at a tertiary care centre in southern Haryana, from January 2018 to December 2023. During this period a total of 886 medico legal autopsies were conducted. Relevant information and subjective data like age, gender, marital status & manner of death have been collected from medico legal autopsy register from January 2018 to December 2023. Results: It was observed that out of 886 cases male outnumbered females in ratio 2.06:1. Majority of the victims belonged to the age group 21-30 years. Majority of the deaths occurred due to poisoning (n=264, 29.79%), followed by road traffic accidents 26.74%. Conclusion: Majority of cases were in the 3rd decade of life, males outnumbered females. Poisoning and road traffic accidents were the leading cause of death. Public attention, awareness, preventive and remedial strategies should be undertaken to reduce similar incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Road traffic accidents are preventable public health issues and are becoming more common. These accidents can be linked to a number of factors, including an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, changes in daily life, a nasty habit of breaking traffic laws, anarchic traffic systems, and risky driving practices. Thoraco-abdominal injury in different forms is one of the major causes of mortality in the victims of fatal road traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to know the pattern of thoraco-abdominal injuries in victims of fatal road traffic accident cases. Material & Method: The present study was conducted at the tertiary healthcare centre in southern Haryana. Total of 75 cases of fatal road traffic accident cases were enrolled during one year of study period. The basic information about the deceased like age, gender, mode of travel of the victim was obtained from investigating officer narration and inquest papers. During autopsy, detailed examination of injuries was carried out and the autopsy findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: It was observed that out of 75 cases male outnumbered females in ratio 5.25:1. Majority of the victims belonged to the age group 21-30 years. The commonest injury of the thoracic region was rib fracture (41.3%). It was also observed that 17.3% of victims had pelvic fracture. Conclusion: Human error is a major contributing factor to fatal RTAs, which can be avoided in many cases. A more stringent licensing policy, particularly for four-wheelers, increased knowledge of traffic laws, the reduction of drug abuse and an appropriate road network that is in line with traffic volume can help to reduce the number of fatal road traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence of adequate dimensions of keratinized/ attached gingiva (KT/AG) and gingival thickness (GT) is considered necessary to maintain optimal periodontal health and long-term stability of gingival margin. Gingival phenotype modification therapies to increase these two dimensions (GT and KT/AG) on the buccal aspect of teeth have been widely reported, but the literature on lingual gingival augmentation is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to report the outcomes of a case treated with an envelope flap combined with a hybrid soft tissue autograft (subepithelial connective tissue graft with an epithelial collar) for phenotype modification of gingiva lingual to mandibular incisors presenting with thin gingiva (<1 mm) and lack of AG in tooth # 31 and 42. At 12 months follow-up, a substantial gain in KT, AG and GT along with partial root coverage was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomics and genome editing promise enormous opportunities for crop improvement and elementary research. Precise modification in the specific targeted location of a genome has profited over the unplanned insertional events which are generally accomplished employing unadventurous means of genetic modifications. The advent of new genome editing procedures viz; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), homing endonucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), Base Editors (BEs), and Primer Editors (PEs) enable molecular scientists to modulate gene expressions or create novel genes with high precision and efficiency. However, all these techniques are exorbitant and tedious since their prerequisites are difficult processes that necessitate protein engineering. Contrary to first generation genome modifying methods, CRISPR/ Cas9 is simple to construct, and clones can hypothetically target several locations in the genome with different guide RNAs. Following the model of the application in crop with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 module, various customized Cas9 cassettes have been cast off to advance mark discrimination and diminish random cuts. The present study discusses the progression in genome editing apparatuses, and their applications in chickpea crop development, scientific limitations, and future perspectives for biofortifying cytokinin dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase to induce drought resistance, heat tolerance and higher yield in chickpea to encounter global climate change, hunger and nutritional threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]