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This review discusses the progress of research on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and its composite membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). SPEEK is a promising material for replacing traditional perfluorosulfonic acid membranes due to its excellent thermal stability, mechanical property, and tunable proton conductivity. By adjusting the degree of sulfonation (DS) of SPEEK, the hydrophilicity and proton conductivity of the membrane can be controlled, while also balancing its mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Researchers have developed various composite membranes by combining SPEEK with a range of organic and inorganic materials, such as polybenzimidazole (PBI), fluoropolymers, and silica, to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability of the membranes, while reducing fuel permeability and improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. Despite the significant potential of SPEEK and its composite membranes in PEMFCs, there are still challenges and room for improvement, including proton conductivity, chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of electronic skin (e-skin), multifunctional e-skin is approaching, and in some cases even surpassing, the capabilities of real human skin, which has garnered increasing attention. Especially, if e-skin processes eye's function, it will endow e-skins more powerful advantages, such as the vision reparation, enhanced security, improved adaptability and enhanced interactivity. Here, we first study the photodetector based on CsPbBr3 quantum dots film and the pressure sensor based on PEDOT: PSS-coated cellulose paper, respectively. On the base of these two kinds of sensors, a light/pressure bifunctional sensor was successfully fabricated. Finally, flexible bifunctional sensors were obtained by using a flexible interdigital electrode. They can simultaneously detect light and pressure stimulation. As e-skin, a high photosensitivity with a switching ratio of 168 under 405 nm light at a power of 40 mW/cm2 was obtained and they can also monitor human motions in the meantime. Our work showed that the strategy to introduce perovskite photodetectors into e-skins is feasible and may open a new way for the development of flexible multi-functional e-skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three kinds of charged star‐shaped conjugated macroelectrolytes, named as PhNBr, TPANBr, and TrNBr, are synthesized as electron‐collecting interlayers for inverted polymer solar cells (i‐PSCs). Based on these well‐defined structured interlayer materials, the light soaking (LS) effect observed in i‐PSCs was studied systematically and accurately. The general character of the LS effect is further verified by studying additional i‐PSC devices functionalized with other common interlayers. The key‐role of UV photons was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electron‐only devices. In addition, the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the work function of the indium tin oxide (ITO)/interlayer cathode is significantly reduced after UV treatment. In these i‐PSC devices the LS effect originates from the adsorbed oxygen on the ITO substrates when oxygen plasma is used; however, even a small amount of oxygen from the ambient is also enough for triggering the LS effect, albeit with a weaker intensity. Our results suggest that the effect of adsorbed oxygen on ITO needs to be considered with attention while preparing i‐PSCs. This is an important finding that can aid the large‐scale manufacturing of organic solar cells via printing technologies, which do not always ensure the full protection of the device electrode substrates from oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]