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Abstract This paper proposes a Boolean network model with high dimensional chaos driving and investigates the synchronization of the chaos‐driven Boolean network with a semi‐tensor product. In order to protect the privacy and ensure the security of image transmission, the synchronization results are utilized in the image cryptosystem to achieve compression and encryption. First, the driving chaos system is coupled with multiple local systems and synchronized with the transmitted encrypted signals. Second, the Boolean network is driven and synchronized with derived chaos signals. Finally, images are encrypted and compressed with chaos‐driven Boolean network signals in the transmitter, and then decrypted and recovered with synchronized chaos and Boolean network signals in the recipient. Because of the complexities of high dimensional chaos and Boolean network, the proposed cryptosystem has good security in the secure communication and image process.

Abstract Determining the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 is the key to understanding the enhanced pairing mechanism. It also guides the search for superconductors with high transition temperatures. Despite considerable efforts, it remains controversial whether the symmetry is the sign-preserving s- or the sign-changing s ±-wave. Here, we investigate the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe from a topological point of view. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we systematically characterize the superconducting states at edges and corners of single-layer FeSe. The tunneling spectra collected at edges and corners show a full energy gap and a substantial dip, respectively, suggesting the absence of topologically non-trivial edge and corner modes. According to our theoretical calculations, these spectroscopic features can be considered as strong evidence for the sign-preserving s-wave pairing in single-layer FeSe.

Objective To compare the effects of stent combined with drug therapy and aggressive artery stenosis and cognitive dysfunction. Methods A total of 53 patients from October 2016 to March 2019 with symptomatic severe intracranial vertebrobasilar artery stenosis and cognitive dysfunction were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups [stent combined with drugs group (n = 31) and aggressive drugs alone group (n = 22)] based on patients' informed consent. Perioperative status of stent combined with drugs group and incidence of adverse events in both groups were analyzed. Montreal Congnitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were compared in hospitalization period, 1 month and 6 months at follow⁃up in order to evaluate the improvement of cognition. Then subgroup analysis of different collateral circulation status before stent combined with drugs group was conducted. Results There were 2 cases of perioperative complication in stent combined with drugs group, and there was no statistical difference in cumulative incidence of adverse events and ischemic stroke between 2 groups. According to the comparion that MoCA scores in hospitalization, 1 month and 6 months at follow ⁃ up in two different therapy groups, the score of delayed recall had statistical significance (P = 0.005), which indicted stent group had advantages in delayed recall over drugs group. The scores of total MoCA (P = 0.000), line connection test (P = 0.028), drawing clock (P = 0.006), attention (P = 0.001) and delayed recall (P = 0.000) had statistical significance in different follow ⁃ up time points and were significantly improved in stent group. In stent group, the scores of total MoCA (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.009) and attention (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.030) improved in succession in the time of before treatment, 1 month and 6 months at follow⁃up. However, the scores ofline connection test (P = 0.001, 0.000), drawing clock (P = 0.006, 0.000), and delayed recall (P = 0.000, 0.000) improved mainly within first month at discharge. As to the scores of MoCA in different preoperative collateral circulation status groups, sentence repetition only had statistical significance (P = 0.021). The scores of total MoC (P = 0.000), line connection test (P = 0.000), drawing clock (P = 0.002), attention (P = 0.000) and delayed recall (P = 0.000) had statistical significance in different follow⁃up timepoints. In further comparion of changes of MoCA scores at different time points in 2 preoperative collateral circulation status groups, scores of total MoCA (P = 0.006, 0.006) and attention (P = 0.005, 0.002) were higher at follow⁃up of 6 month than these in hospitalization and 1 month follow⁃up in good collateral group, which suggested the scores above improved mainly between 1 month and 6 month at discharge. The score of delayed recall at discharge after 6 month was higher than it in hospitalization. The scores of total MoCA (P = 0.000, 0.000), line connection test (P = 0.003, 0.001), drawing clock (P = 0.004, 0.001), attention (P = 0.000, 0.000) and delayed recall (P = 0.000, 0.000) were higher at follow⁃up of 1 month and 6 month than these in hospitalization in poor collateral group, which suggested the scores above improved mainly within first month at discharge. Conclusions As to the patients with symptomatic severe vertebrobasilar artery stenosis and cognitive dysfunction, the improvement in multiple cognitive domains of stent combined with drugs therapy and the advantage over aggressive drugs alone group were observed. Meanwhile, the time of cognitive benefit was earlier in poor preoperative collateral circulation status groups than in good collateral group. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.03.016

In this study, a networked spatiotemporal chaotic map model is proposed based on the traditional coupled map lattice system. In addition, the time delay and variable topology parameters are considered to make the system more practical. The chaotic properties are analyzed using a bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and entropies. In addition, institute of standards and technology tests are conducted to further analyze the randomness of the system signal. Based on the proposed system, a three-dimensional encryption algorithm is designed to encrypt multiple color images with scrambling and diffusion at the bit level. Several analyses, including histogram analysis, information entropy analysis, correlation analysis, key sensitivity, differential attack analysis, and resistance analyses, are performed to test the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed multiple image encryption algorithm with a networked chaotic map model.

Exotic chiral fermions beyond Weyl fermions have recently been discovered in a series of chiral crystals such as CoSi. Here, the authors report the evidences of chiral fermions in RhSn with opposite handedness compared to those observed in CoSi, where the structural chirality is also opposite.

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to public health worldwide. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in human airways and relevant environments has not received significant attention. In this study, abundances of ARGs and microbes from airborne particulate matter, dust, and human airways in a hospital were profiled using high-throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. More diverse ARGs and microbes in indoor dust and higher levels of ARGs in particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were observed. Macrolides and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the most abundant ARGs in the airway and environmental samples, respectively. Moreover, the co-occurrences of priority pathogens, ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were shown by the Network analysis. Campylobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. positively correlated with fluoroquinolone (vatC-02, mexD) and β-lactams (blaZ, mecA) resistance genes, respectively. In this regard, based on SourceTracker analysis, inhalable particles contributed to 4.0% to 5.5% of ARGs in human airway samples, suggesting an important exchange between airborne inhalable particles and human commensals. This study may advance knowledge about ARGs in airborne particulate matter and dust associated environments, reveal their potential link between environments and humans, and provide a new sight and fundamental data for ARG risk assessment.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.011

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.012

Recently, concerns about cognitive impairment and its association with carotid artery stenosis have been raised up progressively. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a well-established method which has been widely applied for ischemic stroke. However, its impact on cognitive function remains controversial. CAS can improve cognitive function by reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke and improving hemodynamic status, while postoperative microembolic events can lead to increased cognitive impairment. In addition, the effect of CAS on cognitive function is also affected by many other factors, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), depression, advanced age, etc. Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis-Hemodynamics (CREST-H) is expected to provide a clearer understanding of the therapeutic effects of CAS in cognitive function in conclusion. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.003

Objective A recent randomized controlled trial suggested that aggressive medical management was superior to angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis. But it still had its flaws. This study investigated the perioperative safety of balloon angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis. Methods Twenty-eight patients with severe symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis were treated by balloon dilatation alone from May 2016 to May 2019. The success rate, complications, modified Rankin scale (mRS) and follow-up data were evaluated. Results Twenty-six of 28 patients underwent balloon angioplasty successfully with a success rate of 92.86%. Immediate distal stenosis perfusion was more than Modified Thrombdysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade 2b. Stent-assisted angioplasty was used in the other 2 cases. No complications related to worsening clinical symptoms occurred in 28 patients after operation and 30 d of follow-up. There were 10 patients whose modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 1 on the 30th day after operation, and the other 18 patients' mRS score was 0. Conclusions Balloon angioplasty is relatively safe in the perioperative period of symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis. Stent-assisted angioplasty is a technique used when balloon angioplasty is ineffective. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.008

Objective To investigate the effect of location of intracranial arterial stenosis on the safety of intracranial stenting. Methods A total of 73 patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) were divided into intracranial internal carotid artery (IICA, N = 18), middle cerebral artery (MCA)-M1 segment (MCA-M1, N = 11), intracranial vertebral artery (IVA, N = 27) and basilar artery (BA, N = 17). All of them underwent intracranial stenting. The improvement of intracranial arterial stenosis, cerebrovascular complications including perforating events, artery dissection, in-stent thrombosis, distal stent arterial embolism and cerebral hyperperfusion, and neurological complications including transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage were recorded. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis 30 d after operation. Results A total of 73 stents were implanted in 73 patients (35 Apollo balloon-expandable stents and 38 Wingspan self-expandable stents). Among them, 10 cases (10/18) were treated with Apollo stents and 8 cases (8/18) with Wingspan stents in IICA group, 5 cases (5/11) were treated with Apollo stents and 6 cases (6/11) with Wingspan stents in MCA-M1 group, 16 cases (59.26%, 16/27) were treated with Apollo stents and 11 cases (40.74%, 11/27) with Wingspan stents in IVA group, and 4 cases (4/17) were treated with Apollo stents and 13 cases (13/17) with Wingspan stents in BA group. No significant difference was seen in stent type among 4 groups (χ2 = 7.422, P = 0.201). The stenosis rate of IICA group after treatment [(10.94 ± 1.99)%] was significantly improved than before treatment [(90.89 ± 7.71)%; t = 69.545, P = 0.000]. The stenosis rate of MCA-M1 group after treatment [(10.37 ± 2.14)%] was significantly improved than before treatment [(87.64 ± 9.46)%; t = 26.000, P = 0.000]. The stenosis rate of IVA group after treatment [(11.02 ± 1.99)% ] was significantly improved than before treatment [(89.11 ± 7.97)%; t = 50.726, P = 0.000]. The stenosis rate of BA group after treatment [(10.99 ± 3.39)%] was significantly improved than before treatment [(91.35 ± 5.62)%; t = 69.545, P = 0.000]. In 73 patients, cerebrovascular complications occurred in 11 cases (15.07%), including 4 cases of perforating events, 4 cases of artery dissection, one case of in-stent thrombosis and 2 cases of distal stent arterial embolism. There were 3 cases (3/18) in IICA group, including 2 cases of artery dissection and one case of distal stent arterial embolism, and 8 cases (8/17) in BA group, including 4 cases of perforating events, 2 cases of artery dissection, one case of in-stent thrombosis and one case of distal stent arterial embolism. No cerebrovascular complications occurred in MCA-M1 group and IVA group. The difference among 4 groups was statistically significant (H = 63.134, P = 0.000). Neurological complications occurred in 6 cases (8.22%), including 4 cases of TIA and 2 cases of ischemic stroke. There was one case (1/18) of ischemic stroke in IICA group, and 5 cases (5/17) in BA group, including 4 cases of TIA and one case of ischemic stroke. No neurological complications occurred in MCA-M1 group and IVA group. The difference among 4 groups was statistically significant (H = 65.698, P = 0.003). At 30 d after operation, there was one case with mRS 1 score in IICA group and one in BA group. The total rate of good prognosis 30 d after operation was 97.26% (71/73). Conclusions The location of intracranial arterial stenosis have a great influence on the risk of perioperative cerebrovascular and neurological complications in the intracranial stenting, and the overall prognosis is good. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.11.006

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms (α and γ) are known to be expressed in pancreatic islets as well as in insulin-producing cell lines. Ligands of PPAR have been shown to enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets. However, their effect on insulin secretion is still unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism by which PPARγ exerts its effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion, we examined the endogenous activity of PPAR isoforms, and studied the PPARγ function and its target gene expression in INS-1 cells. We found that: (1) endogenous PPARγ was activated in a ligand-dependent manner in INS-1 cells; (2) overexpression of PPARγ in the absence of PPARγ ligands enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion, which indicates that the increased glucose-induced insulin secretion is a PPARγ -mediated event; (3) the addition of both PPARγ and retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands showed a synergistic effect on the augmentation of reporter activity, suggesting that the hetero-dimerization of PPARγ and RXR is required for the regulation of the target genes; (4) PPARs upregulated both the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and Cb1-associated protein (CAP) genes in INS-1 cells. Our findings suggest an important mechanistic pathway in which PPARγ enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by activating the expression of GLUT2 and CAP genes in a ligand-dependent manner. Edited by Shang-Quan ZHU [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytokines have been implicated in pancreaticβ-cell destruction leading to type 1 diabetes. Exposure to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) of pancreaticβ-cells induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Subsequent formation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) may impairβ-cell function. Using NOS inhibitorNG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), we have further investigated the relation between NO formation andCOX-2expression. IL-1β stimulated the formation of NO and PGE2 by pancreaticβ-cells.L-NMMA completely inhibited IL-1β-induced NO formation and attenuated PGE2 production.COX-2gene transcription level and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR, Western blot and luciferase analysis.L-NMMA inhibited IL-1β-induced promoter activity, gene transcription and protein expression of COX-2 in pancreaticβ-cells. Therefore, we concluded that NO-affected COX-2 activity is directly linked toCOX-2gene transcription and protein expression in pancreaticβ-cells. The identification of a novel interaction of NO on the COX signaling pathway inβ-cells provides a strategy of intervention for further evaluating the role of NO and PGE2 in autoimmune diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]