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This work examines the third-order and fifth-order nonlinear susceptibilities in a hybrid system including a semiconductor quantum dot, metallic nanoshell, and graphene nanodisk. The research uses the density matrix method to examine the dipole–dipole interaction that occurs due to the applied field. It assumes that there is an increase in the strength of a continuous-wave electromagnetic field inside the quantum dot. The inclusion of the graphene nanodisk greatly amplifies the nonlinear optical reaction of the quantum dot in this combined system, which is governed by the dipole–dipole interaction. The findings indicate a notable disparity in the nonlinear optical reaction of the semiconductor quantum dot when the parameters are modified. The possible applications of this concept include optical sensors, photonic devices, quantum computing, medical imaging, energy harvesting, and high-density data storage. Additionally, it has the potential to progress terahertz technology and simplify the development of new materials with customized optical properties. The substantial rise in nonlinearities inside the hybrid system presents prospects for advancements in diverse technological and scientific domains.

This research aims to develop a methodology for applying the geostatistical method to generate a groutability classification for granular soils. To ensure the precision of the suggested technique, a total of 103 data samples were used. Predicting the groutability of granular soils has always been difficult because of many soil characteristics. As a result, a new two-dimensional graph, the groutability classification of granular soil (GCS) chart, was developed. GCS establishment was based on data analysis of the grain size of soil and cement-based grouts (N1 and N2), relative density (Dr) and fines content of the soil (FC), water/cement ratio of grout mixture (w/c), and grouting pressure (P), all of which have a direct impact on the groutability of soil media. The geostatistical method was used to develop and compile the GCS graph based on the aforementioned parameters with the use of coefficient S, which is a coefficient of the scoring set of parameters including P, w/c, Dr, and FC. The validation process was carried out hierarchically, with an additional set of 30 data. The proposed method has a prediction accuracy of roughly 96.7%, demonstrating a helpful tool. The proposed approach can be easily implemented in practical engineering situations because it has a comparable syntax to commonly used formulae. It should be noted that the proposed formula was only tested using the data samples collected, and the applicability of the produced procedure to other situations requires more examination.

At the presence of undesirable geological conditions, including rock masses with high overburden, crushed zones and faults, folds, dikes and other abnormalities, rockburst has become a critical safety problem in Gelas tunnel, a water conveyance tunnel, wherein some sections overlying strata exceed 600 m. The main goal of this study is to determine the possibility of rockburst and its level along the second part of the Gelas tunnel. In order to study the mechanisms of rockburst occurrence in Gelas tunnel, measurements of in situ stress, geological investigation, uniaxial compression tests, and analytical approaches are carried. So, in this study, some analytical approaches, including Linear elastic index, Tangential stresses criterion, Brittleness coefficient of rocks, and method of stresses are used to predict rockburst in 17 sections of the tunnel path. The average result shows that all the selected sections in the tunnel path have the potential of occurring rockburst at a range of low to moderate. About 65 percent of the sections are exposed to moderate risk of rockburst occurrence; and the remaining 35 percent are exposed to low risk of rockburst occurrence. The comparison between applied methods shows a lack of consensus conformity among them. The brittleness coefficient of rocks method turned out to be as the most conservative approaches for predicting rockburst occurrence since by this approach most of the sections in the tunnel path are susceptible to high risk of rockburst occurrence. According to the average result, fault and Dolomitic zones with high overburden have the highest risk of rockburst occurrence.

Seepage is one of the most substantial factors in the embankment dams design. The Cutoff wall method is the ideal construction solution for controlling flow through the foundation of earth dams. In this study, the cutoff wall method is investigated at the site of the Peygham-Chay dam (Study area). According to the dam site, in terms of its materials as well as their different permeability, water influx is a potential hazard at the site. For this purpose, SEEP/W program as the finite element approach was employed to estimate the seepage and design of the optimum depth of the sealing element. The results of numerical analyzes imply that the sealing component is not needed because of the low permeability in the primary 260 m at the left abutment of the dam. Also, the optimum depth of the cutoff wall is evaluated as 15 m at the rest of the dam axis.