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On 31 December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and caused the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, computed tomography (CT) findings have been recommended as major evidence for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the imaging characteristics and changes throughout the disease course in patients with COVID-19 in order to provide some help for clinicians. Typical CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacity, pulmonary consolidation, and prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral parts of the lungs. This review also provides a comparison between COVID-19 and other diseases that have similar CT findings. Since most patients with COVID-19 infection share typical imaging features, radiological examinations have an irreplaceable role in screening, diagnosis and monitoring treatment effects in clinical practice.

Maintaining bone homeostasis relies on the balance between bone remodeling involving bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts under physiological conditions. An increasing number of studies have shown that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in bone remodeling. The ubiquitination process is reversible through the action of deubiquitinase (DUB), and ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the largest of the DUB families. This article summarizes the mechanisms by which USPs regulate bone homeostasis, including USP4 and USP7, by affecting bone formation through signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and cylindromatosis (CYLD) and regulating bone resorption through signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition to affecting bone resorption and bone formation during bone reconstruction, the effect of USPs on bone is also reflected in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal membrane stem cells and implant bone binding. Future research should determine whether USPs have a greater regulatory effect on bone reconstruction and the specific mechanism of their regulatory effect to provide more approaches for the treatment of bone diseases.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of polydopamine (PDA) on enamel demineralization in isolated teeth and the induction of hydroxyapatite (HA) production on the surface of demineralized enamel to provide a novel protocol for the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization. Methods Twenty isolated bovine teeth were cut into 20 enamel slices and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 10 slices in each group. The enamel slices in the experimental group were immersed in 2 mg/mL freshly prepared dopamine solution and incubated for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark to prepare the PDA coating, while the control group was left untreated. Then, the isolated bovine teeth, with and without PDA coating, were immersed in artificial demineralization solution at 37 °C for 3 days, followed by 7 days in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the immersion solution was changed daily. The surface morphology of enamel was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the calcium/phosphorus ratio of the enamel surface was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the characteristic functional groups in enamel deposits were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results Compared with the control group, the number of demineralized pores produced after 3 d of enamel demineralization with polydopamine coating was less, and the diameter was smaller. EDS elemental analysis showed that the Ca/P ratio after enamel demineralization was 2.37 in the experimental group, which was smaller than the 2.53 ratio in the control group. In the remineralization experiment, after 7 days of remineralization of PDA coated enamel in the experimental group, lamellar grains were produced on the enamel surface, and the growth showed obvious directionality, growth regularity and uniform arrangement. In the control group, the surface of enamel was flocculent mineral deposit, and the crystallinity was poor. The FTIR results proved that the enamel surface deposit of PDA-coated enamel was HA after 7 d of remineralization. Conclusion PDA can affect the nucleation process of HA and promote the production of HA on the surface of demineralized enamel.

Simple Summary: Tibetan yellow cattle and dzo are important meat sources for people living on the Tibetan Plateau. As a hybrid offspring of Tibetan yellow cattle and yaks, dzo inherit the advantages of their parent generations. However, the differences in the blood metabolites and ecological adaptability of Tibetan yellow cattle and dzo remain unclear. In this study, we have explored the potential difference in environmental adaptability between these two breeds of animals by analyzing their blood-based physiological and biochemical parameters, serum metabolites, and fecal microorganisms. The results revealed that dzo showed better adaptation to the high-altitude and low-temperature environment of the Tibetan Plateau, as compared to Tibetan yellow cattle. This study provides a basis for understanding the adaptive mechanism of dzo in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This study aimed to investigate the differences in environmental adaptability between dzo and Tibetan yellow cattle by using corresponding assay kits to analyze blood indices, utilizing mass spectrometry for blood metabolite profiling, and performing 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal microbiota. Forty female cattle were randomly divided into a dzomo (female dzo) group (MG, n = 20) and a Tibetan-yellow-cattle group (HG, n = 20). After 150 days of uniform feeding, six cattle from each group were randomly picked for jugular blood sampling and collection of fecal microorganisms. The results showed that the serum albumin, creatinine, total protein, superoxide dismutase, IgG, and IgM concentrations in the MG group were higher (p < 0.05), whereas the serum triglyceride concentration was lower, compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). The higher level of phospholipids containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (PC (18:5e/2:0), PC (20:5e/2:0), LPC 18:2, LPC 20:5) observed in the serum of the dzo suggests that they have an advantage in adapting to the challenging conditions of the plateau environment. The fecal microbiota analysis showed that Akkermansia was significantly enriched in the MG group; this might be the key bacterial genus leading to the strong adaptability of dzo. Our findings indicated the dzo's superior adaptation to the Tibetan Plateau's harsh environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively common malignancy clinically and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Recent studies have identified T‐cell exhaustion as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC. A long‐standing challenge in the clinical management of CRC is to understand how T cells function during its progression and metastasis, and whether potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment can be predicted through T cells. Here, we propose DeepTEX, a multi‐omics deep learning approach that integrates cross‐model data to investigate the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion in CRC. DeepTEX uses a domain adaptation model to align the data distributions from two different modalities and applies a cross‐modal knowledge distillation model to predict the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion across diverse patients, identifying key functional pathways and genes. DeepTEX offers valuable insights into the application of deep learning in multi‐omics, providing crucial data for exploring the stages of T‐cell exhaustion associated with CRC and relevant therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of canagliflozin (20 mg/kg) on Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat gut microbiota and salt-sensitive hypertension-induced kidney injury and further explore its possible mechanism. Rats were fed a high-salt diet to induce hypertension and kidney injury, and physical and physiological indicators were measured afterwards. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing technology and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based metabolic profiling combined with advanced differential and association analyses to investigate the correlation between the microbiome and the metabolome in male DSS rats. A high-salt diet disrupted the balance of the intestinal flora and increased toxic metabolites (methyhistidines, creatinine, homocitrulline, and indoxyl sulfate), resulting in severe kidney damage. Canagliflozin contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats by significantly increasing the abundance of Corynebacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Facklamia spp., Lactobacillus spp., Ruminococcus spp., Blautia spp., Coprococcus spp., and Allobaculum spp. Moreover, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiota led to significant changes in host amino acid metabolite concentrations. The concentration of uremic toxins, such as methyhistidines, creatinine, and homocitrulline, in the serum of rats was decreased by canagliflozin, which resulted in oxidative stress and renal injury alleviation. Canagliflozin may change the production of metabolites and reduce the level of uremic toxins in the blood circulation by reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats fed a high-salt diet, ultimately alleviating oxidative stress and renal injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to small optical mode volumes and linear polarizations of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) resonant modes in metallic antennas, it is very difficult to obtain complex emission patterns and polarizations for single-photon emitters. Herein, nonresonant enhancement in a silver nanowire is used to both enhance emission rates and extract a z-oriented dipole, and then the symmetry of metallic nanostructures is proposed to tailor the patterns and polarizations of single-photon emission. The emission pattern of a quantum dot located close to a metallic nanostructure with a symmetric axis is split into multiple flaps. The number of splitting flaps is equal to the order of the symmetric axis. Moreover, the electric vectors of the emitted photons become centrally symmetric about the symmetric axis. The above phenomena are well explained by both a simulation and an image dipole model. The structural-symmetry-tailoring mechanism may open up a new avenue in the design of multifunctional and novel quantum-plasmonic devices.

The Wulong lode gold deposit is located in the Liaoning Province, northeast part of North China Craton. Gold ore bodies are mainly hosted in the Late Jurassic granite and structurally controlled by northeast-trending faults. Gold occurs in disseminated and auriferous quartz-sulfide veins and veinlets within hydrothermally altered rocks. Mineralization can be divided into three stages: (1) quartz-pyrite stage, (2) quartz-polymetallic sulfides stage, and (3) quartz-carbonate stage. Gold formed mainly in the middle stage. Quartz formed in the two earlier stages contains three compositional types of fluid inclusions, i.e., pure C[O.sub.2], C[O.sub.2]--[H.sub.2]O and NaCl--[H.sub.2]O, but the late-stage minerals only contain NaCl--[H.sub.2]O inclusions. The inclusions in quartz formed in the early, main, and late stages yield total homogenization temperatures of 317-383 [degrees]C, 260-380 [degrees]C and 159-234 [degrees]C, respectively, with salinities of 5.14-9.44, 2.95-6.20,1.23-4.34 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Trapping pressures estimated from C[O.sub.2]--[H.sub.2]O inclusions are 200-390 MPa in the main stage. Fluid boiling and immiscibility caused rapid precipitation of sulfides and gold. Through immiscibility and inflow of meteoric water, the ore-forming fluid system evolved from C[O.sub.2]-rich to C[O.sub.2]-poor in composition, and from magmatic to meteoric, as indicated by [[delta].sup.18][O.sub.water] values (4.5[per thousand]-7.3[per thousand]). The carbon (-12.2[per thousand] to -11.5[per thousand]), sulfur (0.9[per thousand]-2.6[per thousand]), and lead isotope ([.sup.207]Pb/[.sup.204]Pb of 15.606-15.618) compositions suggest the host rocks to be a significant source of ore metals. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, fluid inclusion, and C--H--O--S--Pb isotope geochemistry, we conclude that the Wulong deposit is a decratonization gold deposit formed during lithospheric thinning associated with destruction of the North China Craton triggered by the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Oceanic plate in the Early Cretaceous. Key words: Wulong lode gold deposit, C--H--O--S--Pb isotopes, fluid inclusions, northeastern North China Craton, decratonization-type gold deposit. Le gisement d'or filonien de Wulong est situé dans la province de Liaoning, dans la partie nord-est du craton de Chine septentrionale. Les corps aurifères sont principalement encaissés dans du granite d'âge jurassique tardif et sont contrôlés sur le plan structural par des failles d'orientation nordest. L'or se trouve dans des filons et filonnets de quartz--sulfures aurifères disséminés dans des roches ayant fait l'objet d'une altération hydrothermale. La genèse de la minéralisation peut être divisée en trois étapes : (1) une étape à quartz et pyrite, (2) une étape à quartz et sulfures polymétalliques et (3) une étape à quartz et carbonates. L'or s'est principalement formé durant la deuxième étape. Le quartz formé durant les deux premières étapes contient trois types d'inclusions fluides sur le plan compositionnel, à savoir des inclusions de C[O.sub.2] pur, de C[O.sub.2]--[H.sub.2]O et de NaCl--[H.sub.2]O, alors que les minéraux de la dernière étape ne contiennent que des inclusions de NaCl--[H.sub.2]O. Les inclusions dans le quartz formées durant les étapes précoce, principale et tardive donnent des températures d'homogénéisation totale de 317-383 [degré]C, 260-380 [degré]C et 159-234 [degré]C, respectivement, et des salinités de 5,14-9,44%, 2,95-6,20% et 1,23-4,34% en poids d'équivalent NaCl, respectivement. Les pressions de piégeage estimées pour les inclusions de C[O.sub.2]--[H.sub.2]O sont de 200-390 MPa durant l'étape principale. L'ébullition et l'immiscibilité des fluides ont entraîné la précipitation rapide de sulfures et d'or. En raison de l'immiscibilité et de l'entrée d'eau météorique, le système de fluides minéralisateurs est passé d'une composition riche en C[O.sub.2] à une composition pauvre en C[O.sub.2], et de magmatique à météorique, comme l'indiquent les valeurs de [[delta].sup.18][O.sub.eau] (4,5 [per thousand]-7,3 [per thousand]). Les concentrations d'isotopes de carbone (de -12,2 [per thousand] à -11,5 [per thousand]), de soufre (0,9 [per thousand]-2,6 [per thousand]) et de plomb ([.sup.207]Pb/[.sup.204]Pb : 15,606-15,618) donnent à penser que les encaissantes étaient une importante source des métaux composant le minerai. L'intégration des données obtenues des études de la géologie régionale, de la géologie du minerai, des inclusions fluides et de la géochimie des isotopes de C--H--O--S--Pb nous permet de conclure que le gisement de Wulong est un gisement aurifère de type décratonisation, formé durant l'amincissement de la lithosphère associé à la destruction du craton de Chine septentrionale déclenchée par la subduction de la plaque océanique paléopacifique au Crétacé précoce. Mots-clés: gisement d'or filonien de Wulong, isotopes de C--H--O--S--Pb, inclusions fluides, nord-est du craton de Chine septentrionale, gisement aurifère de type décratonisation., Introduction The concept of an orogenic-type gold deposit was first introduced by Bohlke (1982) and then thoroughly addressed by Groves et al. (1998), Kerrich et al. (2000), and Goldfarb et [...]

Forming pyridine salts to construct covalent organic cages is an effective strategy for constructing covalent cage compounds. Covalent organic cages based on pyridine salt structures are prone to form water-soluble supramolecular compounds. Herein, we designed and synthesized a triangular prism-shaped hexagonal cage with a larger cavity and relatively flexible conformation. The supramolecular cage structure was also applied to the encapsulation of pyrene and information encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the characteristic that is the weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing is very hard under strong background noise,a new method of rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on Fourier decomposition method（ FDM） and 1. 5- dimensional Teager energy spectrum is proposed. The first,the fault signal is decomposed into a number of intrinsic band functions（ FIBFs） which instantaneous frequency has physical significance. Then,the fault signal is reconstituted by using the method of correlation coefficient to screening intrinsic band functions. The last,the fault feature frequency is obtained by using 1. 5- dimensional Teager energy spectrum to the reconstituted signal and the result can be seen. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional envelope spectrum,this method has more obvious fault features and the effect is better. Finally this method is successfully applied to the actual rolling bearing fault diagnosis,further verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.