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Migraine⁃related vertigo (MRV) is a common neurological disorder, including vestibular migraine (VM) and benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV), however its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we discuss that vestibular dysfunction may be caused by the repeated activation of the trigeminal neurovascular system involved in the mechanism of migraine attack, and possible mechanisms by which vestibular migraines differ in the sequential order of headache and vertigo. Finally, we review the progress of its treatment to provide new insight for clinical prevention and treatment.

The traditional Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) technology uses back Rayleigh scattering power for fiber detection. In transmission lines with optical amplifier, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) are mostly used to compensate for the loss of signal light and extend the transmission distance of the signal light. Since the EDFA amplifies the signal, it will generate spontaneous radiation noise, and the continuous accumulation of noise will rapidly decrease the signal-to-noise ratio measured by the OTDR. The paper mainly expounds the principle of Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (C-OTDR) technology. The detected signal optical power is concentrated to the intermediate frequency by the coherent detection method, and most of the noise can be filtered out by band-pass filtering the frequency signal. It can continuously extend the detection distance through the EDFA. We also propose to use the frequency shift keying method to eliminate the optical surge problem caused by the cascade of multi-stage repeaters in long-distance transmission of submarine cables. Through the development of self-developed coherent optical time domain reflectmeter, the actual test of C-OTDR technology in the simulated submarine cable multi-span transmission system has reached 3 000 km, which fully meets practical conditions.

Background and Purpose: The anthelmintic drug nitazoxanide has a mitochondrial uncoupling effect. Mitochondrial uncouplers have been proven to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages and improve dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate that nitazoxanide would protect against atherosclerosis. Experimental Approach: The mitochondrial oxygen consumption of cells was measured by using the high‐resolution respirometry system, Oxygraph‐2K. The proliferation and migration of A10 cells were measured by using Edu immunofluorescence staining, wound‐induced migration and the Boyden chamber assay. Protein levels were measured by using the western blot technique. ApoE (−/−) mice were fed with a Western diet to establish an atherosclerotic model in vivo. Key Results: The in vitro experiments showed that nitazoxanide and tizoxanide had a mitochondrial uncoupling effect and activated cellular AMPK. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited serum‐ and PDGF‐induced proliferation and migration of A10 cells. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in RAW264.7 macrophages, the mechanism by which involved the AMPK/IκBα/NF‐κB pathway. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide also induced autophagy in A10 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that oral administration of nitazoxanide reduced the increase in serum IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels and suppressed atherosclerosis in Western diet‐fed ApoE (−/−) mice. Conclusion and Implications: Nitazoxanide inhibits the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE (−/−) mice fed on a Western diet. In view of nitazoxanide being an antiprotozoal drug already approved by the FDA, we propose it as a novel anti‐atherosclerotic drug with clinical translational potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent growing energy crisis draws considerable attention to high‐performance thermoelectric materials. n‐type bismuth telluride is still irreplaceable at near room temperature for commercial application, and therefore, is worthy of further investigation. In this work, nanostructured Bi2Te3 polycrystalline materials with highly enhanced thermoelectric properties are obtained by alkali metal Na solid solution. Na is chosen as the cation site dopant for n‐type polycrystalline Bi2Te3. Na enters the Bi site, introducing holes in the Bi2Te3 matrix and rendering the electrical conductivity tunable from 300 to 1800 Scm–1. The solid solution limit of Na in Bi2Te3 exceeds 0.3 wt%. Owing to the effective solid solution, the Fermi level of Bi2Te3 is properly regulated, leading to an improved Seebeck coefficient. In addition, the scattering of both charge carriers and phonons is modulated, which ensured a high‐power factor and low lattice thermal conductivity. Benefitting from the synergistic optimization of both electrical and thermal transport properties, a maximum figure of merit (ZT) of 1.03 is achieved at 303 K when the doping content is 0.25 wt%, which is 70% higher than that of the pristine sample. This work disclosed an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of n‐type bismuth telluride‐based alloy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine-related vertigo (MRV) is a common neurological disorder, including vestibular migraine (VM) and benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV), however its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we discuss that vestibular dysfunction may be caused by the repeated activation of the trigeminal neurovascular system involved in the mechanism of migraine attack, and possible mechanisms by which vestibular migraines differ in the sequential order of headache and vertigo. Finally, we review the progress of its treatment to provide new insight for clinical prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]